Cropping Pattern in North East India: An Appraisal (original) (raw)
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The study of cropping pattern is very important because it provide evidences about the changes that are taking place in landuse related to agriculture. The vast, extensive and densely populated state of Uttar Pradesh, while generally backward and predominantly agriculture is marked by considerable changes in cropping pattern. The study focuses on Eastern Uttar Pradesh, which is still identified as backward region in comparison to Western Uttar Pradesh. Changes in cropping patterns are examined from the pre-Green Revolution period (1950-53) to post-Green Revolution period (up to 2006-09) on the basis of data obtained from the Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Statistics and Economics, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Patterns of changes in the study area are shown by the proportions of land occupied by the respected crop to total cropped area and their proportion of production to the total agricultural production. The data shows that, area and production of certain crops such as fine cereals (wheat and rice) increased through out the study period and on the other extreme the area and production of our traditional crops like pulses, coarse cereals and small millets decreased. Some of the cash crops like oilseeds and sugarcane are also increasing, showing that cropping pattern is shifting from traditional to market oriented value added crops, which are more profitable and less risky to grow. Moreover, this shift in cropping pattern also affects the food and nutritional security of the masses. Cropping pattern according to some agricultural economist means, the proportion of the area under various crops at a point in time as indicated by cropping intensity in percentage. Kanwar (1971) define cropping pattern as the time and space sequence of crops. Earlier cropping pattern of a region was mainly determined by the agro-climatic factors i.e., only those crops were grown in a region which was suitable to the climate and are known as traditional crops. Now, farmers are influenced by changes in economic, technological, and institutional and policy induced factors (Gulati and Kelly, 1999). From the beginning of widespread agriculture until the 1960 s when Green Revolution was not applied in Indian agriculture, wheat, rice, pulses, coarse cereals and small millets accounted for most of the
Changes of Agriculture cropping pattern in Satara district.
The Green revolution the attitude of farmers is change toward the high-value crops. The infrastructural development, technology, irrigation, hybrid seeds, transportation facility, agro based industry, rural market, availability of capital, cooperative movement and other economic factors are responsible for agricultural diversification. In the Satara district the cash crops have been increased more quickly than food grain crops. The main objective of study is to analyse the changes of agriculture cropping pattern in Satara district from 1980 to 2011. The result is obtained from a statistical and graphical analysis of the agriculture production in the study region. The study also found certain kind of structural changes in all crops. The area under of food grain crops like Jowar and Bajara are decreased as compare to the Sugarcane. The area under sugarcane cultivation is rise 250.71 per cent which is high as compare to other crop. Most of the irrigation facility and capital are invested in this crop but recently this are facing more problems.
Changing Cropping Pattern in Kheri District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Economic Affairs, 2019
The aim of this study is to examine the cropping pattern in Kheri District, Uttar Pradesh, India. This paper also estimated the changing cropping pattern at the block level between 2009-10 and 2014-15, how the choices of the farmers are changing for the alteration of crops with the time motivated by modern technologies, land disintegration, frequent flash floods, deforestation, fluctuation on the market, etc. Kheri district has been considered as the study area for this research paper. The study has been carried out at the block level. The data has been derived from the district statistical handbooks. Field visits and personal interviews have been done to fathom the real situations and motivating factors for the changing crop pattern. The findings demonstrate that there is a net loss in the cropped area in the district during 2010 and 2015. The crop pattern changed in these five years. The area under cereal crops declined and sugarcane cultivation accelerated. Market and flash floods were the main factors to affect the acreage of the crops. Highlights m Being a major producer of sugarcane in the country, Kheri district is gaining the area under sugarcane cultivation with the time.
The changes in the cropping pattern from subsistence to paddy and wheat crops gained momentum in the 1970s when the green revolution first took place in India. A vast area of agricultural land was devoted to wheat, paddy, pulses and oilseeds crops with excessive use of chemical fertilisers and experimental seeds. This national trend of intensive cultivation was also adopted in the Garhwal Himalaya, though not to the same degree. The farming community largely transformed their cropping land mainly in the valley regions and mid-slopes. The cropping pattern, which was characterised by the dominance of millets with high crop diversity, changed into the cultivation of paddy and wheat which dominated the valley regions and mid-slopes. Subsistence crops still grow in the highland areas. Fruits are abundantly cultivated in the temperate belt between 1,200 m and 2,200 m. The main fruits grown are apples, citrus, stone and nut fruits. Cultivation of off-season vegetables is a recent trend. While potato is largely grown in the highlands, onions, tomatoes, beans and other vegetables are grown in the valley regions and mid-slopes. These practices of cultivating various crops have been based on trial and error for centuries, as there is no stable farming system prevalent in the region. The present study discusses the changing cropping pattern in the Garhwal Himalaya.
CROPPING PATTERN CHANGE IN JAMMU & KASHMIR-A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT KULGAM.pdf
Cropping pattern of an area implies C the proportion of area under various crops at a time. Crops are usually classified into two broad types as food crops and cash crops. Food crops are mainly grown to fulfill the basic needs the humans in the form of food and animals in the form of fodder, whereas, cash crops are mainly grown for income generation. Cropping patterns are heavily influenced by several factors like terrain, topography, slope, temperature, rainfall, soil type and availability of water for irrigation. The topography of the Jammu and Kashmir State and Kashmir region, in particular, restricts the productivity of several crops to a greater extent. The region is witnessing a greater change in the cropping pattern for the past few decades, where the cash crops (particularly apple) are replacing the food crop (particularly paddy) at a faster rate. The aim of this paper is to study the changes in the cropping pattern in the region, where the circumstances are paving way for specialization rather than diversification. The chi-square test has been used to check the association of various socioeconomic variables to change in production of paddy and apple over the last seven years. The primary y data is supplemented with the secondary data from various sources to represent the changes in the cropping pattern over the years.
2021
Cropping pattern is the spatial arrangement and temporal sequence of crops in agricultural fields and is a key attribute of any farming system. Traditional cropping patterns have largely disappeared from Indian agriculture following the Green Revolution that has promoted rice-wheat based cropping systems. Whereas crop diversification through multiple cropping has been largely recommended to instill resilience to farming systems. In the current study, we have sought to understand how has the cropping pattern changed over time in two largely rainfed districts of northern West Bengal, the hills (Kalimpong) and the foothills (Alipurduar)? What were the drivers? How did they perform in terms of agro-ecological principles and how might it affect the sustainability of their food systems? How do multiple cropping systems fare in comparison to monoculture? Employing a mixed approach of field study and historical data analyses, we found significant changes in cropping patterns in two districts in the last seventy years; but changes have been more pronounced in the Alipurduar. However, the hill people still practicing traditional multiple cropping demonstrated a higher score on agroecological scale than their counterpart. We conclude by saying that farming systems in the hills, though undergoing rapid change, are relatively resilient and sustainable over the period; whereas the condition of the same in the foothills has been in poor state.
Comparative Study on Cropping Pattern in Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti
isara solutions, 2020
Agriculture is a highly dynamic process and the growth and development of agriculture in Himachal Pradesh has crossed several mile stones in different historical periods. The cropping pattern of Himachal Pradesh was based on the traditional system of the subsistence farming without any surplus. With the passage of time, the relationship between commercialisation and cropping pattern emerged complimentary. The State has different variations in the agro-climatic conditions. The agro-climatic variation supports different types of cropping patterns in the State. However, it was the availability or unavailability of marketing facilities which played a key role in determining the cropping structure in the State. The aim of the present paper is to compare the cropping pattern in Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh. The percentage method has been used to analyse the data. The study reveals that the commercial crops of both the study regions are main sources of income of the tribal areas. While analyzing the diversification, the Kinnaur district is witnessing a fruits belt as compared to district Lahaul & Spiti. The farmers are gradually diversifying to commercial crops for the sake of higher earnings.
The main purpose of this research paper is to examine the cropping, production and yield pattern of selected crop in the Solapur district. This Research paper is based on secondary data and Relevant statistical data were collected from various government source. Among the food grain Jawar crop occupied highest area followed by wheat crop. In case of non-food grain crops the position of total oil seed crops showed that of the total gross cropped area 3.54 percent area was brought under these crops. According to output pattern in the study are of the total cereals, output of Jawar was commanding and next came maize. In the Solapur yields of Groundnut (1639.66 kg) maize (1281 kg), wheat (1181.67 kg) and Jawar (1065.33 kg) found in study area. Among the food grain crops, maize has occupied first rank in the District Per hector and then come the Wheat. Moreover, it was observed that during study, rice, Bajara, Jawar and wheat have shown negative change. While remaining all the crops have showed the positive change in the District. The yield of food grains crops increased by 17.13, where the growth in yield of cereals was 17.73 percent.
International Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2020
India is an Agricultural Nation. Its primary occupation is Agriculture. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 13.75% of the GDP in 2013, about 50% of the workforce. The crops are generally grown in combination and a particular crop occupies a position of total isolation from other crops. The studies of crop combination regions constitute an important aspect of agricultural geography as it provides a good basis for agricultural regeneration. Through different regions may have different climate and soil conditions. But each region is Individual to crops. For a comprehensive and better understanding of agricultural system the study of crop combination is of great significances and is essential for agricultural planning. The present study enlights to the crop combinations in Thiruvarur District. Agricultural Geography is very need for rural planning, because high density of population and increasing a...
Changes in Cropping Pattern in Odisha Agriculture in Neo-Liberal Period
Journal of Rural Development, 2017
Role of agriculture remains vital in enabling the State to attain and maintain food self-sufficiency, especially, in a poverty-stricken State like Odisha. Despite the changes in the macroeconomic policy framework in the neo-liberal period, the agricultural sector in Odisha neither experienced any significant growth subsequent to the initiation of economic reforms in 1991 nor it derived the expected shift in cropping pattern. Sustainable growth of agriculture depends significantly on the process of agricultural transformation, which in turn is well connected with shifts in cropping patterns. The paper discusses the cropping pattern changes that have taken place in area allocation as well as in terms of production and productivity of major crop groups at the State level and across physiographic zones of the State. It is observed that there are variations in the share of area, production and productivity of major crop groups over the time at the State level and as well as across the physiographic zones. Sluggish shift in the cropping pattern towards non-foodgrain crops in the State is because of slow expansion of irrigation, low level of fertiliser consumption, slow technology adoption and low level of infrastructure. The slowdown in the process of cropping pattern change means that most government efforts to diversify agriculture have failed to take off.