Salivary Proteomics : A Promising Technology in Oral Oncology : A Brief Review (original) (raw)
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Saliva as a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Medium in Proteomics for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detection
International Journal of Medical Reviews
Non-invasive diagnostic techniques are essential for the screening of oral cancer to reduce high mortality associated with it. The acknowledgement of various research advancements namely omic research and technological advances in the field of genomes has led to an increased use of saliva collection. Obtaining saliva for diagnosis is simple and non-invasive and is safe for both the health worker and the patient. It also permits easy and cost-effective storage methods. Around 3000 differently expressed proteins and peptides have been identified in various proteomic studies involving saliva, and hence, salivary proteomics is being progressively used for the early diagnosis of numerous diseases such as oral cancer, breast cancer, and several autoimmune disorders, among others. The salivary analysis riding on the recent advancements in technology, can prove to be of much more importance in near future.
A Review on Salivary Genomics and Proteomics Biomarkers in Oral Cancer
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry
Oral cancer has emerged as an alarming public health problem with increasing incidence and mortality rates all over the world. Therefore, the implementation of newer screening and early detection approaches are of utmost importance which could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Sensitive and specific biomarkers for oral cancer are likely to be most effective for screening, diagnosis, staging and follow-up for this dreaded malignancy. Unlike other deep cancers, oral cancer is located in oral cavity. Hence, the direct contact between saliva and oral cancer lesion makes the measurement of tumor markers in saliva an attractive alternative to serum and tissue testing. The DNA, RNA and protein molecules derived from the living cancer cells can be conveniently obtained from saliva. Thus, salivary biomarkers, a non-invasive alternative to serum and tissue-based biomarkers may be an effective modality for early diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring post therapy status. In the current post-genomic era, various technologies provide opportunities for high-throughput approaches to genomics and proteomics; which have been used to evaluate altered expressions of gene and protein targets in saliva of oral cancer patients. The emerging field of salivary biomarkers has great potentials to prove its clinical significance to combat oral cancer. Hence, we have reviewed importance of several salivary genomics and proteomics biomarkers for oral cancer.
Advances of Salivary Proteomics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Detection: An Update
Oral cancer refers to malignancies that have higher morbidity and mortality rates due to the late stage diagnosis and no early detection of a reliable diagnostic marker, while oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is amongst the world's top ten most common cancers. Diagnosis of cancer requires highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools which can support untraceable hidden sites of OSCC, yet to be unleashed, for which plenty of biomarkers are identified; the most recommended biomarker detection medium for OSCC includes biological fluids, such as blood and saliva. Saliva holds a promising future in the search for new clinical biomarkers that are easily accessible, less complex, accurate, and cost effective as well as being a non-invasive technique to follow, by analysing the malignant cells' molecular pathology obtained from saliva through proteomic, genomic and transcriptomic approaches. However, protein biomarkers provide an immense potential for developing novel marker-based assays for oral cancer, hence this current review offers an overall focus on the discovery of a panel of candidates as salivary protein biomarkers, as well as the proteomic tools used for their identification and their significance in early oral cancer detection.
PROTEOMICS, 2015
Head and neck cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), are the sixth most common malignancy in the world and are characterized by poor prognosis and a low survival rate. Saliva is oral fluid with intimate contact with OSCC. Besides non-invasive, simple, and rapid to collect, saliva is a potential source of biomarkers. In this study, we build an SRM assay that targets fourteen OSCC candidate biomarker proteins, which were evaluated in a set of clinicallyderived saliva samples. Using Skyline software package, we demonstrated a statistically significant higher abundance of the C1R, LCN2, SLPI, FAM49B, TAGLN2, CFB, C3, C4B, LRG1, SERPINA1 candidate biomarkers in the saliva of OSCC patients. Furthermore, our study also demonstrated that CFB, C3, C4B, SERPINA1 and LRG1 are associated with the risk of developing OSCC. Overall, this study successfully used targeted proteomics to measure in saliva a panel of biomarker candidates for OSCC.
THE VALUE OF SALIVARY BIOMARKERS IN ORAL CANCER DIAGNOSIS
Human saliva is not just the fluid of the oral cavity, it is considered to be the mirror of oral and systemic health. Oral pathology is a major public health problem, with a worldwide increase in incidence and morbidity. Diagnosis of the disease is a real challenge because of the lack of sensitive biomarkers and characteristics in serum or tissues. Salivary proteomic analysis is a direction for diagnosis and also for the treatment of various diseases and could be considered a new approach to cancer prevention strategy or other oral pathological conditions. Protein and nucleic acid molecules derived from oral tissues can be extracted from saliva. For diagnostic purposes, saliva offers serum benefits through non-invasive sampling as a valuable source of clinically relevant information because it contains specific biomarkers to the unique physiological aspects of oral disease as well as systemic pathology such as cancer, heart or infectious diseases.
Data from human salivary proteome – A resource of potential biomarkers for oral cancer
Salivary proteins are an important source for developing marker-based assays for oral cancers. To get an insight into the proteins present in human saliva, we applied multiple strategies involving affinity-based depletion of abundant proteins, fractionation of the resulting proteins or their tryptic peptides followed by LC–MS/MS analysis, using high resolution mass spectrometry. By integrating the protein identifications observed by us with those from similar workflows employed in earlier investigations, we compiled an updated salivary proteome. We have mapped the salivary proteome to the published data on differentially expressed proteins from oral cancer tissues and also for their secretory features using prediction tools, SignalP 4.1, TMHMM 2c and Exocarta. Proteotypic peptides for the subset of proteins implicated in oral cancer and mapped to any two of the prediction tools for secretory potential have been listed. The data here are related
The role of salivary biomarker as a diagnostic tool in oral cancer: a literature review
Intisari Sains Medis
Background: Saliva is an informative biological fluid that has gained a lot of interest because of its physiologic diagnostic medium. The recent findings suggest that saliva could be used as a biomarker in diagnosing oral cancer. This study aims to elaborate further on the role of salivary biomarker as a diagnostic tool in oral cancer through literature review. Methods: A total of 44 relevant kinds of literature were studied regarding saliva and oral cancer. The data collection for eligible articles were conducted from 1997 to 2019. Different database and manual search methods were used to find the topic-related articles. Results: The study of saliva as a biological matrix has been identified as a new landmark initiative in search of a useful biomarker to diagnose oral cancer through proteomics and transcriptomics. Most oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma. Using saliva for early oral cancer detection in the search for new clinical markers is a promising approach because of its noninvasive sampling and easy collection method. Identification of this salivary biomarker could help to screen patients at risk, predict disease outcome and effectively contribute to planning treatment strategies. Conclusion: proteomics and transcriptomics molecules on the saliva could be used as a biomarker in diagnosing oral cancer.
Current Genomics, 2008
There is an increasingly growing interest worldwide for the genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics of saliva and the oral cavity, since they provide a non-invasive source of unprecedently rich genetic information. The complexity of oral systems biology goes much beyond the human genome, transcriptome and proteome revealed by oral mucosal cells, gingival crevicular fluid, and saliva, and includes the complexity of the oral microbiota, the symbiotic assembly of bacterial, fungal and other microbial flora in the oral cavity. In our review we summarize the recent information on oral genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, of both human and microbial origin. We also give an introduction and practical advice on sample collection, handling and storage for analysis. Finally, we show the usefulness of salivary and oral genomics in early diagnosis of cancer, as well as in uncovering other systemic diseases, infections and oral disorders. We close the review by highlighting a number of possible exploratory pathways in this emerging, hot research field.