Effect of lubricating oil on flow boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide (original) (raw)

Abstract

The flow boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide with PAG-type lubricating oil entrained from 0% to 5% in horizontal smooth tubes was examined. Experiments were conducted using test tubes with inner diameter of 2-6 mm at mass fluxes of 360-1440 kg m-2 s-1 and heat fluxes of 4.5-36 kW m-2. The saturation temperature was 15°C. At low oil concentrations of 0.5%-1%, the heat transfer coefficient decreased to less than half that under oil-free conditions. The heat transfer coefficient did not decrease further with increasing oil concentration up to 5%. The heat flux positively influenced the heat transfer coefficient in low vapor quality regions, not the high vapor quality regions. The presence of oil caused the mass flux to significantly influence the heat transfer coefficient at a low heat flux till dryout, while no significant influence of the mass flux at a high heat flux was observed. The dryout quality decreased at a large mass flux. The measured pressure drops increased monotonously because of the lubricating oil.

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (26)

  1. Bandarra, F., Enio, P., Cheng, L., Thome, J.R., 2009. Flow boiling characteristics and flow pattern visualization of refrigerant/lubricant oil mixtures. International Journal of Refrigeration, 32, 185-202.
  2. Dang, C., Haraguchi, N., Yamada, N., Hihara, E., 2006. Effect of lubricant oil on boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide, in: Proceedings of 7 th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference, Trondheim, Norway, 495-498.
  3. Dang, C., Iino, K., N., Fukuoka, K., Hihara, E., 2007. Effect of lubricating oil on cooling heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide. International Journal of Refrigeration, 30, 724-731.
  4. Dang, C., Iino, K., N., Hihara, E., 2010a. Effect of PAG-type lubricating oil on heat transfer characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide cooled inside a small internally grooved tube. International Journal of Refrigeration, 33, 558-565.
  5. Dang, C., Haraguchi, N., Hihara, E., 2010b. Flow boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide inside a small-sized microfin tube. International Journal of Refrigeration, 33, 655-663.
  6. Ducoulombier, M., Colasson, S., Haberschill, P., 2008. A review on carbon dioxide heat transfer characteristics during flow boiling. Proceedings of 8th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Copenhagen, Denmark, M4-03.
  7. Hihara, E., Dang C., 2007, Boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide in a horizontal tube, 2007 ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Summer Heat Transfer Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia, CANADA, May.
  8. Gao, L., Honda, T., Koyama, S., 2007. Experiments on flow boiling heat transfer of almost pure CO 2 and CO 2 -oil mixtures in horizontal smooth and microfin tubes, HVAC&R Res. 13 (3), 415-425.
  9. Gao, L., Honda, T., 2006, Flow and heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant and PAG oil in the evaporator of a CO 2 heat pump system, in: Proceedings of 7th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference, Trondheim, Norway, 491-494.
  10. Hassan, M., 2004. Flow boiling of pure and oil contaminated carbon dioxide as refrigerant, Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University of Denmark.
  11. Hihara, E., Tanaka, S., 2000. Boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide in horizontal tubes. Preliminary Proceedings of the 4th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids at Purdue, 279-284.
  12. Hihara, E., Haraguchi, N., Yamada, T., Dang, C., 2008. Investigation of post-dryout heat transfer of carbon dioxide, Preliminary Proceedings of the 8th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids at Purdue, T3-12.
  13. Hwang, Y., Radermacher, R, Hirata, T., 2008. Oil mass fraction measurement of CO 2 /PAG mixture. International Journal of Refrigeration 31, 256-261.
  14. Katsuta, M., Kinpara, H., Aoyagi T., Yagi S., Mukaiyama H., Kamimura I. 2003, Evaporative heat transfer characteristics of CO 2 refrigeration cycle and comparison with R134a: The change of thermal and hydraulic characteristics due to evaporation temperature. Proc. of the 2003 JSRAE Annual Conference, Tokyo, Japan: Japan Society of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, Oct, A309.
  15. Katsuta, M., Takeo, N., Kamimura, I., Mukaiyama, H. A, 2002. study on the evaporator of CO 2 refrigerant cycle: characteristics of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop on mixing CO 2 and oil (PAG), ACRA 2000 Lecture dissertation selected work, 20(3) 67-74.
  16. Pettersen, J., Rieberer, R., Munkejord S.T., 2000. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of evaporating carbon dioxide in micro-channel tubes. Preliminary Proceedings of the 4th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids at Purdue, 107-114.
  17. REFPROP. NIST Standard Reference Database 23, Version 7.0.
  18. Saitoh, S., Dang, C., Hihara, E., 2012. Effect of lubricating oil on flow boiling heat transfer of low GWP refrigerant HFO-1234yf in a horizontal small-diameter tube, Proceedings of 3rd International forum on heat transfer, November 13-15, Nagasaki, Japan, paper No. IFHT2012-111.
  19. Schael, A.E., Kind, M., 2005. Flow pattern and heat transfer characteristics during flow boiling of CO 2 in a horizontal micro fin tube and comparison with smooth tube data. International Journal of Refrigeration 28, 1186-1195.
  20. Shen B., Groll, E.A., 2008. Critical literature review of lubricant influence on refrigerant heat transfer and pressure drop. Final Report, ARTI-21CR/611-20080.
  21. Sun, Z., Groll, E.A., 2002b. CO 2 flow boiling heat transfer in horizontal tubes, Part 2: Experimental results. Preliminary Proceedings of the 5th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids at Guangzhou, China, September 17-20, 126-132.
  22. Sun, Z., Groll, E.A., 2002c. CO 2 flow boiling heat transfer in horizontal tubes, Part 3: Prediction of heat transfer coefficient. Preliminary Proceedings of the 5th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids at Guangzhou, China, September 17-20, 133-142.
  23. Tanaka, S., Daiguji, H., Takemura, F., Hihara, E., 2001. Boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide in horizontal tubes, in: 38th National heat transfer symposium of Japan, Saitama, Japan, 899-900.
  24. Thome, J.R., 1998. Boiling and evaporation of fluorocarbon and other refrigerants: A state-of the-art review. ARTI internal report.
  25. Zhao, X., Bansal, P., 2009. Critical review of flow boiling heat transfer of CO 2 -lubricant mixtures. Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer 52, 870-879.
  26. Zhao, Y., Molki, M., Ohadi, M.M., Fanca, F.H.R., Radermacher, R., Cho, K., 2002. Flow boiling of CO 2 with miscible oil in microchannels. ASHRAE Trans. 108(1), 135-144.