Collaborative Management of National Parks: The Case of Retezat National Park, Romania (original) (raw)
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Management of the National Parks in the context of cooperation with the local stakeholders
GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, 2021
When searching for an optimal model for managing National Parks in Poland, especially in view of the planned modification of the law, it is necessary to assess attitudes and expectations between local stakeholder groups. Surveys conducted in 2020 made it possible to collect the opinions of representatives of the parks' surroundings and their employees on the subject of relations between parks and the socioeconomic environment. The obtained results positively verified the hypothesis that nature protection policy requires changes to the management of the National Parks through effective legal and financial instruments, including those generating consensus of benefits for the local economy and stakeholders, while maintaining the objectives of environmental protection.
Cross-Sectoral Cooperation in Management of National Park Una
Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, 2015
UDK: 630*93:712.2(1-751.2)(497.6 Una) Protected areas have significant role in protection of biodiversity, social and cultural values followed by improvement of life standard of local population. As a country with economy in transition, Bosnia and Herzegovina is trying to follow globally increasing trends in nature protection. Yet, Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the group of countries that have difficulties to meet European criteria for minimal percentage of protected areas. Although in the last two decades numerous initiatives for proclamation of protected areas have been launched, the percentage of protected areas is still far from the European average. Establishment of new protected areas is often followed with certain misunderstandings between interest groups, lack of participation, transparency and involvement of all interest groups. The concept of cross-sectoral cooperation imply interaction between different interest groups in specific area characterized by efforts, cooper...
The International Journal of Business & Management, 2020
is the set of elements that allow a social, business or private system to be governable and that allow decisions to be made in response to needs and challenges through collective action. A standard definition considers that a governance system is made up of 'the (formal and informal) rules and procedures that shape an institutional framework in which the diverse actors involved must operate.' (Alcozeba-Cruixent et al, 2002, 12, own translation). Different types of governance are defined by the form in which social and institutional participation take place, the relationships between stakeholders, decision-making and the outcome itself of the governance. On the basis of these aspects, we can distinguish between two major governance models: firstly, the traditional formal model, where decisionmaking takes place through hierarchical and institutional participation; secondly, the modern relational model, whose decision-making process is carried out through more horizontal participation. In traditional governance models, the main protagonists are the institutions, governments or agencies, and there is less interrelation between individual stakeholders. It is a type of governance that involves confrontation between adversaries and that, on many occasions, can develop 'winner-takes-all' outcomes (Ansell & Gash, 2008) Therefore, this model involves the risk of excluding part of the stakeholders. In modern relational governance models, there is greater participation and interrelation between stakeholders. Among these models, one of the most inclusive is the collaborative governance model, defined as 'the processes and structures of public policy decision making and management that engage people constructively across the boundaries of public agencies, levels of government, and/or the public, private and civic spheres in order to carry out a public purpose that could not otherwise be accomplished' (Emerson et al, 2012, 2). Therefore, this governance system involves all types of public and private actors in decision-making and decisions are based on consensus around shared values and mutual trust between stakeholders (
Stakeholders’ Attitudes toward Protected Areas: The Case of Tara National Park (Serbia)
Land, 2022
This paper represents a case study examining attitudes of various stakeholders about Tara National Park (NP) (Serbia), identifying also the factors that shape these attitudes. The survey method was applied to a sample of 405 respondents (197 community members and 208 visitors). In addition, 15 interviews with specific key actors (NP executives and local key persons) were performed. The research confirmed the presence of different types of conflicts among stakeholders, mostly between the NP and the local population (primarily farmers) associated with land use in agriculture and the ban on the construction of facilities. The community recognizes tourism as the highest priority, unlike the NP leaders and visitors, who emphasize protection and conservation (especially biodiversity) as the primary goals of future NP development. The opinions of the local population are divided concerning support for the existence of the NP and the importance of it as a part of the national heritage. Most...
2003
Recent economic, political, and social forces have resulted in collaboration and public-private partnerships being endorsed as sound mechanisms for planning, developing, managing, and marketing recreation and tourism on public lands (Selin and Chavez 1995; WTO 1996; Selin and Myers 1998; Crompton 1998; Bramwell and Lane 2000). Generally, many commentators contend that stakeholder collaboration has the potential to lead to dialogue, negotiations, and the building of mutually acceptable proposals about how tourism should be developed (Bramwell and Lane 2000). However, despite their endorsement, little empirical research has been conducted to explain the processes that occur when interactions take place within recreation and tourism partnerships (Selin and Chavez 1994). Little is known about how the objectives, processes, and outcomes of collaborative alliances are shaped by the nature of their participants (Wood and Gray, 1991). This study used qualitative research methods including p...
It has been observed in these present times that natural resource management practices initially applied only for the purpose of conservation and for advancing the aims of science eventually comes to involve a consideration of social and economic aims as well. This progressive involvement manifests itself especially in the determination of the purposes of use and management of protected areas, and of the processes of management, in a consideration of the socio-cultural features, of the needs of local communities, and of how stakeholder participation is brought into the management process. Within this process, it is observed that the " participatory management approach " has taken preference to management only by technical and centralized approaches with respect to protected areas preservation. Experience shows that stakeholder participation is an essential component, and there is now an emphasis that it is one of the prerequisites for achieving short and long term goals in natural resource management processes. Stakeholder participation in the process of management mitigates the conflicts among parties, strengthens communication among government stakeholders, and achieves the goal of realizing cooperation. In this way, the various pressures that may confront the use natural resources may be prevented.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2017
In tourism, the concept of "benefit-sharing" refers to the idea that the benefits arising from tourism should be distributed across a wide range of stakeholders. We argue that the development of synergetic interactions between stakeholders involved in governance processes is a prerequisite for effective benefit-sharing from tourism in protected areas. Our stakeholder analysis of the actors with an interest in the island of Terschelling in the northern Netherlands revealed how relationships between stakeholders enable and/or constrain the sharing of benefits from tourism. Our analysis helped to understand the governance arrangements pertaining to the management of tourism in protected areas. We ascertained that the national forest management agency (Staatsbosbeheer), a large landowner on the island, is highly influential, but nevertheless often found it difficult to gain local support for its activities. The local government was also an important stakeholder, but was considered to sometimes constrain the development of tourism and thus limit the potential for benefit-sharing. Effective communication, good collaboration with stakeholders, and an attitude of openness were identified as being important preconditions for developing synergistic interactions between stakeholders.