Numerical Investigations of Stresses and Damage Distributions on the Layers of a Sandwich Beam with Composite Laminated Faces Subjected to Bending (original) (raw)

Behavior of composite sandwich laminates under Flexural Loading

Research India Publications, 2015

The Mechanical behavior and overall performance of sandwich structures depends on the material properties of the constituents (facings, adhesive and core), geometric dimensions and type of loading. Sandwich construction is of particular interest and widely used, because the concept is very suitable and amenable to the development of lightweight structures with high in-plane and flexural stiffness. Sandwich panels typically consist of two thin face sheets (facings or skins) and a light weight thicker core. Sandwich composites are used for structures with low-weight, high stiffness and durability. This paper deals the study of flexural behavior of sandwich composite structures with two different orientations of skin and for two different core materials. The flexural strength and deflection of fabricated specimens were determined through standard three point bending test. A significant increase in flexural rigidity was observed with two different orientations of skin of the sandwich specimens. The experimental deformation results were compared with the theoretical and simulation results.

Prediction of the Flexural Behavior of Fibre Composite Sandwich Beams

One of the core assumptions underlying the construction industry is that the true potential of fibre composite sandwich structures can only be exploited through the use of complex mathematical theories and sophisticated analysis techniques. Research experience at the Centre of Excellence in Engineered Fibre Composites at the University of Southern Queensland has shown that with correct material data, the behaviour of composite sandwich structures can be analysed within acceptable levels of confidence using simple techniques. In this paper, a simplified Fibre Model Analysis (FMA) to describe the approximate behavior and the governing failure mechanisms of composite sandwich structures under flexural load is presented. This fundamental design methodology is based on sectional equilibrium, strain compatibility, and the constitutive material behaviour using a layer-by-layer approach to evaluate the sectional forces and to calculate the nominal flexural capacity of a composite sandwich section. An important advantage of the proposed model is that it can account for the nonlinear behaviour of the core in compression, the effect of core cracking in tension and the linear elastic behaviour of the fibre composite skins. This method also allows analysing composite sandwich structures with non-symmetric section and using only MS Excel spreadsheet program. The efficiency and practical application of this prediction equation is demonstrated by analysing the behavior of individual and glue-laminated composite sandwich beam structures made from the glass fibre composite skins and phenolic core material and comparing with the results of experimental investigation and numerical simulation. This method was found to reasonably describe the behavior of the fibre composite sandwich structures in flexure, therefore suggested as very useful for engineering design and calculations.

A Finite Element for Bending Analysis of Sandwich Composite Beams

Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Computational Structures Technology

Nowadays, the use of composite laminated structures in the automobile, railroad, civil, aeronautical, space and naval industries is growing at a huge rate. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in sandwich laminated structures, whose bending capability and performance is much better when compared to classical laminates. Sandwich structures, which are mainly used as bending components, are formed by materials with very different stiffness in the faces and in the core. Therefore the behaviour of such structures under bending conditions does not fit the classical laminate theories. Despite this, sandwich structures are simple enough to allow simplified analysis, whose mathematical accuracy depends greatly on the structure itself. In this paper the goal is to study and validate the application in bending of a developed sandwich beam element with transverse compressibility of the core. This element uses a mixed layerwise approach by considering a higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to represent the displacement field of the core and a first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for the face layers. Results are compared with three-dimensional finite element solutions and validation is also conducted with values retrieved experimentally.

A Study on Flexural Properties of Sandwich Structures with Fiber/Metal Laminate Face Sheets

Applied Composite Materials, 2013

In this work, a new family of sandwich structures with fiber metal laminate (FML) faces is investigated. FMLs have benefits over both metal and fiber reinforced composites. To investigate the bending properties of sandwich beams with FML faces and compare with similar sandwich beams with fibrous composite faces, 6 groups of specimen with different layer arrangements were made and tested. Results show that FML faces have good resistance against transverse local loads and minimize stress concentration and local deformations of skin and core under the loading tip. In addition, FML faces have a good integrity even after plateau region of foam cores and prevent from catastrophic failures, which cannot be seen in fibrous composite faces. Also, FML faces are lighter than metal faces and have better connection with foam cores. Sandwich beams with FML faces have a larger elastic region because of simultaneous deformation of top and bottom faces and larger failure strain thanks to good durability of FMLs. A geometrical nonlinear classical theory is used to predict force-deflection behavior. In this model an explicit formula between symmetrical sandwich beams deflections and applied force which can be useful for designers, is derived. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical predictions and experimental results. Also, analytical results are compared with small deformation solution in a parametric study, and the effects of geometric parameters on difference between linear and nonlinear results are discussed.

Fabrication, testing and analysis of composite sandwich beams

Composites Science and Technology, 2000

The objective of this work was to determine experimentally the flexural behavior of composite sandwich beams and compare the results with predictions of theoretical models. Sandwich beams were fabricated by bonding unidirectional carbon/epoxy face sheets (laminates) to aluminum honeycomb cores with an adhesive film. All constituent materials (composite laminates, adhesive and core) were characterized independently. Special techniques were developed to

Unequal Faces Effect on Fracture of Composite Sandwich Beam with Flexible Core

Applied Composite Materials, 2009

Sandwich panel higher order theory (SPHOT) which estimates core compression and face stresses is used to predict damage modes of a sandwich beam with unequal faces. It is shown that sandwich panel classical theory (SPCT) which is based on investigating of behavior of the structure with considering core shear stress in simply supported boundary conditions and neglecting shear modulus of core can not predict the failure load in the case of unequal faces when core yielding is happened. Comparing the results obtained by SPHOT, SPCT and available experimental ones shows that the higher order theory is a suitable approach to predict failure loads in this case for different damage modes.

IJERT-Flexural and Dynamic Characteristics of FRP Composite Sandwich Beam

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020

https://www.ijert.org/flexural-and-dynamic-characteristics-of-frp-composite-sandwich-beam https://www.ijert.org/research/flexural-and-dynamic-characteristics-of-frp-composite-sandwich-beam-IJERTV9IS060702.pdf This study presents the flexural and impact testing results of composite sandwich beams. The sandwich beams are constructed from balsa wood in the core and high strength steel wire and E-glass fiber reinforced polymer composite in the facings. The testing of these beams is performed using a monotonic static three-point loading to failure in accordance with ASTM standard C393-00. Local strain distribution in the mid-span of the beams is obtained using strain gauges. Mid-span deflections of the beams are real-time measured using linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT). From the experimental results, flexural properties of the beams are calculated, including bending stiffness, bending strength, shear strength etc. The experimental results have shown that the beams have all failed in the compression zone local buckling of the top face and shear of the core. The bottom skin does not exhibit any type of premature failure or distress. No bond failure of the composite in the tension zone is observed in any of the tested beams. After the bending tests, the overhanging portion of the sandwich beams are machined into various scaled-down specimens for tension testing, low velocity impact testing, and residual bending strength testing. Uniaxial tensile tests per ASTM D3039 are conducted on the laminated facing to determine its tensile modulus of elasticity along the longitudinal direction. Low velocity impact tests using the DynaTup impact machine are conducted on the machined beam specimens per ASTM D2444 with varying hammer weights. After impact testing, the residual load carrying capacity of the sandwich beam specimens are determined using a four-point bending test. In this test, the ASTM C393 test method is followed. Mid-span deflections of the beams were again real-time measured using the LVDT.

Influence of core properties on the failure of composite sandwich beams

Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, 2009

The initiation of failure in composite sandwich beams is heavily dependent on properties of the core material. Several core materials, including PVC foams and balsa wood were characterized. The various failure modes occurring in composite sandwich beams are described and their relationship to the relevant core properties is explained and discussed. Under flexural loading of sandwich beams, plastic yielding or cracking of the core occurs when the critical yield stress or strength (usually shear) of the core is reached. Indentation under localized loading depends principally on the square root of the core yield stress. The critical stress for facesheet wrinkling is related to the core Young's and shear moduli in the thickness direction. Experimental mechanics methods were used to illustrate the failure modes and verify analytical predictions.

Stress analysis of laminated composite and soft core sandwich beams using a simple higher order shear deformation theory

Journal of Serbian Society for Computational Mechanics, 2015

In this paper, the refined beam theory (RBT) is examined for the bending of simply supported isotropic, laminated composite and sandwich beams. The axial displacement field uses parabolic function in terms of thickness ordinate to include the effect of transverse shear deformation. The transverse displacement consists of bending and shear components. The present theory satisfies the traction free conditions on the upper and lower surfaces of the beam without using problem dependent shear correction factors of Timoshenko. Governing differential equations and boundary conditions associated with the assumed displacement field are obtained by using the principle of virtual work. To prove the credibility of the present theory, we applied it to the bending analysis of beams. A simply supported isotropic, laminated composite and sandwich beams are analyzed using Navier approach. The numerical results of non-dimensional displacements and stresses obtained by using the present theory are presented and compared with those of other refined theories available in the literature along with the elasticity solution.

Failure of Sandwich Beams

Ecf17 Brno 2008, 2013

An investigation was conducted on failure of composite sandwich beams under threepoint bending and in cantilever beams under end loading. The beams consisted of unidirectional carbon/epoxy facings and a variety of core materials, including aluminum honeycomb, PVC closedcell foams, polyurethane foam and balsa wood. The constituent materials were fully characterized and in the case of the core materials, failure envelopes were developed for biaxial states of stress. Deformation and failure mechanisms include core shear failure and compression facing wrinkling. Results were obtained for stress (strain) distributions in the linear and nonlinear/plastic range of the core, critical failure loads due to shear core failure and compression facing wrinkling and their dependence on geometrical dimensions, material parameters and loading conditions. w