如何以科幻讀者的身分了解科幻 (original) (raw)

色幻悟道與平等新生：溥緒《摩登伽女曲本》與泰戈爾《昌達爾姑娘歌舞劇》人物形象及主題寓意研究

《玄奘佛學研究》25期, 2016

摩登伽女的故事歷來都是漢傳佛教警戒男修行者遠離美色誘惑的 典型，她也成為情欲魔女的象徵。民國16 年溥緒（1882－1933）（清逸 居士）創作《摩登伽女曲本》，由京劇名伶尚小雲於北京新明戲院演出， 引起轟動。民國22 年，這個印度來的故事被印度泰戈爾（1861－1941） 創作成歌舞劇《昌達爾姑娘》，再改編為《昌達爾姑娘歌舞劇》搬上劇 場公演，至今仍表演不輟。同時代的二個劇本都能移動傳統視角，正視 摩登伽女自身，卸去僵化的魔女形象，但又各自呼應著自己的文化土壤 與時代關懷，呈現不同主題寓意：一者關注她的情愛與修悟，以色幻悟 道為精神；一者關注她的啟蒙與平等，以實踐平等新生為精神。 在溥緒筆下，摩登伽女具有端莊美麗，專情高潔的形象，有傳統文 學的杜麗娘之傷春幽情、賈寶玉之色空悟道，又有《西遊記》魔考誘惑 的情節。故事關注情愛與修悟，在情愛美色的貪執中，徹悟不淨與如幻， 並輔以平等慈悲之懷。 而泰戈爾的歌舞劇，藉此抒發對印度種姓不平等制度的批判。他筆 下的摩登伽女言語靈動，活潑熱情，從不平等的種姓思惟中被啟蒙新生 後，自我作主，勇敢追愛，這份蘊含「愛」的新生，歸向阿難與佛陀所 象徵的平等慈悲，隱含泰戈爾「在愛中徹悟」的梵愛合一路徑。 就女性視角詮釋的二個路徑「情欲主動」、「速證果位」觀察，溥緒 以專情高潔之主動來詮釋其「情欲主動」，並以消融情欲而得悟，雖然 能呈現她因情而悟，但並無深刻描寫其「速證果位」。泰戈爾則完全沒 有著墨「速證果位」，主力全在「情欲主動」上，這份主動來自平等的 啟蒙，情欲化為自主勇敢去愛，與泰戈爾「梵愛合一」的宗教哲學呼應。 關鍵詞：摩登伽女、阿難、溥緒、泰戈爾、昌達爾姑娘 In Chinese Buddhism, the story of Matangi's daughter has been taken as a warning for male Buddhists to keep away from the temptation of lust, and Matangi's daughter has become a representative of femme fatale. In 1927, Pu Xu (1882-1933, art name Qing Yi Ju Shi) composed a tune of ＂Matangi's daughter＂, starred by Shang Xiao-yun and caused a sensation in the Xinming Theater in Beijing. Then in 1933, this Indian story was written as a musical drama ＂Chandalika＂ by the respected Indian writer Rabindranath Tagore, and be readapted and played in theaters until now. These two scripts of the same era both change the point of view toward female by facing up to this character and getting rid of the stereotype as a femme fatale. What's more, they reflect to their own cultural soil and contemporary concern, and present two different theme implications: the former focuses on her love and enlightenment, taking enlightenment from form & vision as the essence; the later focuses on h...

從「應變自然」到「社會應變」：以文字探勘方法檢視國內風災新聞的報導演變

2018

This study investigated early and recent news reports on typhoons and typhoon-related disasters released by United Daily News from the perspectives of language construction, core meanings, and reporting trends. This study collected news reports from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1996, and from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016, representing early and recent news respectively. The study employed text mining and frame analysis methods and studied the ＂frame＂ difference of news media over the past three decades. An analysis of the language construction of the news reports revealed that, concerning the subject of social communication, recent typhoon reports often utilized opinions from different social ＂actors＂ to increase the conflicts and violations of norms and human rights. From early to recent period, it is found that news frame are transiting from the early ＂response to nature＂ to the recent ＂response to society＂. The former focuses on the information transmission of natural ...