RINGS AND GEMS FROM THE ROMAN FORT IN IŽA (Full text in English and Slovak) (original) (raw)

Rimski grobni spomenik s lokaliteta Stari grad u Ivancu / Roman tombstone from the Stari grad site in Ivanec

Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu, 28, 147 - 168., 2012

Archaeological excavations, carried out since 1998 by the Institute of Archaeology in Stari Grad in the centre of Ivanec, have established long-term human presence at the site, from prehistoric and Roman times to the middle of the 20th century. Among other things excavated in the courtyard of the local Renaissance and Baroque fort were a Romanesque and a Gothic church where burials continued into the 17th century. During the 1998 campaign, a fragment of a Roman tombstone, made from local limestone and decorated with human figures carved in relief on the front and side surfaces, was found as a spolium in the walls of the Gothic church. This text publishes the find for the first time and provides a comprehensive analysis of its iconography, formal typology, dating and the social circumstances in which it came into being. Although, due to its incompleteness, the original appearance of the tombstone remains unknown, we presume it was a corner stone of a tomb or a so-called grave pillar (Grabpfeiler), and date it back to the 3rd century. Along with other items (ceramics, brick, bone, glass), this find provides our first evidence of a Roman settlement on the territory of Ivanec. / U arheološkim istraživanjima koje Institut za arheologiju od 1998. provodi na Starome gradu u središtu Ivanca, utvrđena je dugotrajna naseljenost tog lokaliteta od prapovijesnog i rimskog razdoblja do polovine 20. stoljeća. U dvorištu tamošnjeg renesansno-baroknog kaštela istražene su, između ostalog, romanička i gotička crkva s kontinuitetom ukapanja do u 17. stoljeće. U kampanji 1998., u zidovima gotičke crkve kao spolij je zatečen ulomak rimskog grobnog spomenika načinjenog od lokalnog vapnenca, ukrašenog reljefnim ljudskim likovima na prednjoj i bočnoj plohi. U ovome radu taj se nalaz objavljuje po prvi put i obrađuje cjelovito s obzirom na ikonografiju i formalnu tipologiju te datiranje i društvene okolnosti nastanka. S obzirom na necjelovitost, izvorni izgled spomenika ostaje nepoznat, ali se on pretpostavljeno rekonstruira kao ugaoni blok grobne građevine ili tzv. grobnog stupa (Grabpfeiler) te se datira u 3. stoljeće. Zajedno s drugim predmetima (keramika, opeka, kost, staklo), taj je nalaz prvo svjedočanstvo o rimskodobnom naselju na području Ivanca.

Velikomoravski likovi oranta iz 9. stoljeća

2008

The study presents new finds of gilded copper plaques with figural motifs depicting orantes, which were discovered at the Great Moravian Bojná I-"Valy" hillfort in Slovakia. The plaques, together with the collection of belt endings excavated at the Great Moravian "Valy" hillfort near Mikulčice (Moravia, Czech Republic), are studied using the comparative and iconographic analysis. The author concludes that Moravian belt endings were produced in a manner similar to Carolingian belt endings from the second third of the ninth century, but the style of figural decorations of orantes, as well as that of the plaques from Bojná, resembles Byzantine patterns. They are decorated by angels of various orders related to the oldest preserved Byzantine Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus of the ninth century. These orders of angels were also inspired by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite writing on the "Celestial Hierarchy". Both written documents were very popular in the Constantinople court in the latter half of the ninth century. The study concludes that both complexes of Great Moravian artistic craft are closely connected to the Byzantine mission of Sts. Constantine-Cyril and Methodius.

Maciejczuk D. Jaworski K., Votive Offering or Accidental Loss? Finds of Roman Coins in the Sudetes in the Context of Medicinal Springs: A Case Study of Recent Finds from Stare Rochowice (Bolków-Zdrój), Notate Numismaticae-Zapiski Numizmatyczne XVII, 2022, pp. 145-159

Notae Numismaticae , 2022

ABSTRAKT: Dary wotywne czy przypadkowe zguby? Sudeckie znaleziska monet rzymskich w kontekście źródeł leczniczych – studium przypadku na tle najnowszych znalezisk ze Starych Rochowic (Bolkowa-Zdroju) Wiosną 2018 r. w pobliżu Bolkowa, pow. jaworski, odkryte zostały przez poszukiwaczy-amatorów cztery monety rzymskie. Dwie z nich (przepołowiony denar Trajana i cały denar Antoninusa Piusa) znaleziono w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie nieeksploatowanego obecnie źródła wody leczniczej (szczawy alkaliczno-solnej, przez balneologów określanej mianem wody glauberskiej), zwanego źródłem Świętej Jadwigi. Źródło do lat 40. XX w. było wykorzystywane w niewielkim uzdrowisku Bad-Wiesau (obecnie Bolków-Zdrój, stanowiący przysiółek wsi Stare Rochowice). Odkrycie rzymskich denarów w pobliżu ujęcia wód leczniczych pozwala na wysunięcie hipotezy, że źródło to mogło być znane i wykorzystywane już w okresie wpływów rzymskich. Pośrednio może też o tym świadczyć pobliska osada ludności kultury przeworskiej, oddalona zaledwie o ok. 150–200 m, badana przez archeologów w latach 2002 i 2021–2022. Znalezienie monet rzymskich w sąsiedztwie ujęcia wody leczniczej nie jest w Sudetach przypadkiem odosobnionym. W przeszłości, w XIX i na pocz. XX w., były one odkrywane w kilku miejscowościach uzdrowiskowych: w Przerzeczynie-Zdroju, Szczawnie-Zdroju, Wolanach k. Polanicy-Zdroju i Radomicach k. Wlenia. Na obecnym etapie badań znalezisko ze Starych Rochowic traktować więc można, na razie bardzo ostrożnie, jako przejaw dawnych praktyk symbolicznych, mających swoje analogie zarówno w świecie rzymskim, jak i na tych obszarach Barbaricum, na które docierały tego rodzaju rzymskie wzorce kulturowe. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: monety rzymskie, źródła mineralne, Sudety, kultura przeworska