Electrolyte additives for room temperature sodium-based rechargeable batteries (original) (raw)
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Sodium-Ion Batteries: Exploration of Electrolyte Materials
Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology
In recent years, as fossil energy sources such as oil and coal continue to be consumed, the issue of resources and the environment has become one of the main challenges to the sustainable development of human society. People's electricity consumption has increased dramatically, and the demand for energy storage batteries has also increased. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a very worthwhile development because of high Na reserves in the world, which can bring many advantages. The electrolyte can control the battery's inherent electrochemical window and performance, influence the nature of the electrode/electrolyte interface, and is one of the most important material choices for SIBs. The electrolyte simultaneously influences the electrochemical performance and safety of SIBs. This paper focuses on electrolyte materials in SIBs, explaining the fundamental needs and categorization of sodium ion electrolytes and highlighting the most recent advances in liquid and solid electroly...
Advanced Energy Materials, 2020
technologies. Unlike lithium, whose market is already very tight, sodium mineral deposits are almost infinite, evenly distributed worldwide, much easier to extract and thereby attainable at low cost. [1-4] If the realization of Na-rechargeable batteries could be practically possible, there will be nearly three orders of magnitude relaxation in the constraints on lithium-based resources, accompanied by sustainability, improved environmental benevolence, and cost reduction (Table 1). Even more appealing is the possible use of the widely available and lighter aluminum, rather than copper, as negative current collector and hard carbon from renewable sources instead of graphite for the negative electrode. Finally, the stability of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in the fully discharged state would significantly enhance the safety associated with the shipment of large-format SIBs worldwide. These beneficial features of sodiumbased cells revived the research work on Na-based rechargeable batteries and accordingly captured the attention of both the academic research and industry sectors. However, similar to LIB, most of the research work in Na-based batteries have focused on the development and elaboration of negative and positive For sodium (Na)-rechargeable batteries to compete, and go beyond the currently prevailing Li-ion technologies, mastering the chemistry and accompanying phenomena is of supreme importance. Among the crucial components of the battery system, the electrolyte, which bridges the highly polarized positive and negative electrode materials, is arguably the most critical and indispensable of all. The electrolyte dictates the interfacial chemistry of the battery and the overall performance, having an influence over the practical capacity, rate capability (power), chemical/thermal stress (safety), and lifetime. In-depth knowledge of electrolyte properties provides invaluable information to improve the design, assembly, and operation of the battery. Thus, the full-scale appraisal of both tailored electrolytes and the concomitant interphases generated at the electrodes need to be prioritized. The deployment of large-format Na-based rechargeable batteries also necessitates systematic evaluation and detailed appraisal of the safety-related hazards of Na-based batteries. Hence, this review presents a comprehensive account of the progress, status, and prospect of various Na +-ion electrolytes, including solvents, salts and additives, their interphases and potential hazards.
Fundamentals and perspectives of electrolyte additives for non-aqueous Na-ion batteries
Energy Materials, 2023
Despite extensive research efforts to develop non-aqueous sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as alternatives to lithiumbased energy storage battery systems, their performance is still hindered by electrode-electrolyte side reactions. As a feasible strategy, the engineering of electrolyte additives has been regarded as one of the effective ways to address these critical problems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in electrolyte additives for non-aqueous SIBs. We classify the additives based on their effects on specific electrode materials and discuss the functions and mechanisms of each additive category. Finally, we propose future directions for electrolyte additive research, including studies on additives for improving cell performance under extreme conditions, optimizing electrolyte additive combinations, understanding the effect of additives on cathodeanode interactions, and understanding the characteristics of electrolyte additives.
Recent Advances in New-Generation Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Energies
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are one of the recent trends in energy storage systems due to their promising properties, the high abundance of sodium in the Earth’s crust, and their low cost. However, the commercialization process of SIBs is in the early stages of development because of some challenges related to electrodes and electrolytes. Electrolytes are vital components of secondary batteries because they determine anode/cathode performance; energy density; operating conditions (electrochemical stability window, open circuit voltage, current rate, etc.); cyclic properties; electrochemical, thermal, mechanical, and dimensional stability; safety level; and the service life of the system. The performance of the battery is based on the structural, morphological, electrical, and electrochemical properties of the electrolytes. In this review, electrolytes used for SIBs are classified according to their state and material, including liquid, quasi-solid, solid, and hybrid, and recent adva...
Update on Na-based battery materials. A growing research path
Energy & Environmental Science, 2013
This work presents an up-to-date information on Na-based battery materials. On the one hand, it explores the feasibility of two novel energy storage systems: Na-aqueous batteries and Na-O 2 technology. On the other hand, it summarises new advances on non-aqueous Na-ion systems. Although all of them can be placed under the umbrella of Na-based systems, aqueous and oxygen-based batteries are arising technologies with increasing significance in energy storage research, while non-aqueous sodium-ion technology has become one of the most important research lines in this field. These systems meet different requirements of energy storage: Na-aqueous batteries will have a determining role as a low cost and safer technology; Na-O 2 systems can be the key technology to overcome the need for high energy density storage devices; and non-aqueous Na-ion batteries have application in the field of stationary energy storage.
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021
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Sodium-Ion Battery Materials and Electrochemical Properties Reviewed
Advanced Energy Materials, 2018
become the electricity storage system of choice over the past 26 years, combining superb energy density, compact and lightweight designs, and outstanding cycle life compared to other rechargeable battery technologies. [2] Despite the commercial success and proliferation of LIB in consumer electronics and recently in battery electric vehicles, LIBs are believed to be too expensive for stationary, large-scale, electrical energy storage (EES) and, in addition, there are concerns on the resource availability of LIB components. [3,4] Historically, the technology of choice for EES applications is pumped-hydro which continues to dominate due to very large unit sizes, accounting for over 95% of the total rated power globally (data derived from the US DOE, global energy storage database). [5,6] However, the number of new pumpedhydro installations is dwindling as a result of its specific geographic and geological requirements. [7] A technological incentive is therefore to find alternative EES options that are installation flexible, cost effective, energy efficient, and environmentally benign in order to match the rapid growth in intermittent renewable energy sources. The properties of electrochemical energy storage technologies are, in general, ideal for a grid scale EES. LIBs in particular have the ability to respond rapidly to load changes, have a high energy density combined with an excellent Coulombic efficiency, exhibit low standby losses, and have modular designs that facilitate upscaling. [7,8] Yet, faced with the aforementioned resource constraints and adverse ecological hazards upon disposal (due to toxic elements), the ability of LIBs to meet large-scale EES demands, remains uncertain. [7] The needs and challenges outlined above have motivated the research for an alternative, scalable battery technology, composed of cheap, abundant, and environmentally benign materials to match the performance and economical success of LIBs. Given the relative abundance of elemental sodium (compared to lithium in the Earth's crust, see Figure 1) and the low electrochemical potential of Na (−2.71 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode, SHE), which is only 330 mV above that of Li, rechargeable batteries based on sodium hold great promise to meet large-scale EES demands. For example, high-temperature ZEBRA cells [9] based on the Na/NiCl 2 system and sodium sulfur cells [10] have already demonstrated the potential of sodium-based electrochemical energy storage. These batteries The demand for electrochemical energy storage technologies is rapidly increasing due to the proliferation of renewable energy sources and the emerging markets of grid-scale battery applications. The properties of batteries are ideal for most electrical energy storage (EES) needs, yet, faced with resource constraints, the ability of current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to match this overwhelming demand is uncertain. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a novel class of batteries with similar performance characteristics to LIBs. Since they are composed of earth-abundant elements, cheaper and utility scale battery modules can be assembled. As a result of the learning curve in the LIB technology, a phenomenal progression in material development has been realized in the SIB technology. In this review, innovative strategies used in SIB material development, and the electrochemical properties of anode, cathode, and electrolyte combinations are elucidated. Attractive performance characteristics are herein evidenced, based on comparative gravimetric and volumetric energy densities to state-of-the-art LIBs. In addition, opportunities and challenges toward commercialization are herein discussed based on patent data trend analysis. With extensive industrial adaptations expected, the commercial prospects of SIBs look promising and this once discarded technology is set to play a major role in EES applications.
Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Studies of Active Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries
ECS Transactions, 2011
Sodium ion batteries represent an interesting alternative to lithium ion batteries for large scale energy storage, due to the inexpensive and massive sources of sodium. Moreover, the incertitude related to lithium resources and their suppliers could become a major problem in the coming years. In this study, synthesis and electrochemical analyses were performed to examine TiO2 (B) and Na2Ti6O13's potential as negative electrode materials in sodium ion batteries. These materials were selected due to their well-known small cation insertion redox reactions.
Na-ion batteries, recent advances and present challenges to become low cost energy storage systems
Energy & Environmental Science, 2012
Energy production and storage have become key issues concerning our welfare in daily life. Present challenges for batteries are twofold. In the first place, the increasing demand for powering systems of portable electronic devices and zero-emission vehicles stimulates research towards high energy and high voltage systems. In the second place, low cost batteries are required in order to advance towards smart electric grids that integrate discontinuous energy flow from renewable sources, optimizing the performance of clean energy sources. Na-ion batteries can be the key for the second point, because of the huge availability of sodium, its low price and the similarity of both Li and Na insertion chemistries. In spite of the lower energy density and voltage of Na-ion based technologies, they can be focused on applications where the weight and footprint requirement is less drastic, such as electrical grid storage. Much work has to be done in the field of Na-ion in order to catch up with Li-ion technology. Cathodic and anodic materials must be optimized, and new electrolytes will be the key point for Na-ion success. This review will gather the up-to-date knowledge about Na-ion battery materials, with the aim of providing a wide view of the systems that have already been explored and a starting point for the new research on this battery technology.
Improved Lifetime of Na-Ion Batteries With a Water-Scavenging Electrolyte Additive
Frontiers in Energy Research
The lifetime of sodium-ion batteries is strongly affected by degradation species and contaminants such as H2O and HF, which are produced during formation and cycling. In this work, the use of low levels of N, N-diethyltrimethylsilylamine (DETMSA), as an electrolyte additive, shows an improvement in the stability and cycle life of a hard carbon vs. layered oxide sodium-ion battery. Approximately 80% of the capacity is retained after 500 cycles, which is almost double the performance of the standard electrolyte. The additive works by reducing the surface ageing constituents, as observed through XPS of the surfaces and the change in resistance after cycling. DETMSA is slowly consumed over time; however, the extensive improvement in cycle life shows that low level of impurities and degradation species have a big impact upon cycle life.