In vitro and in vivo analysis of the biodegradable behavior of a magnesium alloy for biomedical applications (original) (raw)
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Materials
Use of magnesium implants is a new trend in orthopedic research because it has several important properties that recommend it as an excellent resorbable biomaterial for implants. In this study, the corrosion rate and behavior of magnesium alloys during the biodegradation process were determined by in vitro assays, evolution of hydrogen release, and weight loss, and further by in vivo assays (implantation in rabbits’ bone and muscle tissue). In these tests, we also used imaging assessments and histological examination of different tissue types near explants. In our study, we analyzed the Mg-1Ca alloy and all the hypotheses regarding the toxic effects found in in vitro studies from the literature and those from this in vitro study were rejected by the data obtained by the in vivo study. Thus, the Mg-1Ca alloy represents a promising solution for orthopedic surgery at the present time, being able to find applicability in the small bones: hand or foot.
Biodegradable magnesium implants for orthopedic applications
The clinical application of degradable ortho-pedic magnesium implants is a tangible vision in medical science. This interdisciplinary review discusses many different aspects of magnesium alloys comprising the manufacturing process and the latest research. We present the challenges of the manufacturing process of magnesium implants with the risk of contamination with impurities and its effect on corrosion. Furthermore, this paper provides a summary of the current examination methods used in in vitro and in vivo research of magnesium alloys. The influence of various parameters (most importantly the effect of the corrosive media) in in vitro studies and an overview about the current in vivo research is given.
In vitro and In vivo Degradation Evaluation of Mg-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Journal of Material Science and Technology Research, 2015
Biodegradable metals have attracted interest for implant applications because of the potential to eliminate secondary surgeries. Magnesium-based (Mg-based) alloys are potential candidates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo degradation performances of two custom-made magnesium-based alloys and to determine whether they are sustainable for further investigation. The performances of Magnesium-Zinc-Manganese (Mg-Zn-Mn) alloys at 5% and 1% zinc levels were compared using a mechanical test, hydrogen evolution test, cell viability (MTT) test, and a short term mice subcutaneous implantation. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the Mg was improved by alloying. While Mg-5Zn-1Mn was more corrodible compared with Mg-1Zn-1Mn, neither of the alloys presented any adverse effects preliminarily and both were suitable for long-term testing for biomedical applications.
Long-term clinical study and multiscale analysis of in vivo biodegradation mechanism of Mg alloy
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016
There has been a tremendous amount of research in the past decade to optimize the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of the biodegradable Mg alloy for orthopedic implant. Despite the feasibility of degrading implant, the lack of fundamental understanding about biocompatibility and underlying bone formation mechanism is currently limiting the use in clinical applications. Herein, we report the result of long-term clinical study and systematic investigation of bone formation mechanism of the biodegradable Mg-5wt%Ca-1wt%Zn alloy implant through simultaneous observation of changes in element composition and crystallinity within degrading interface at hierarchical levels. Controlled degradation of Mg-5wt%Ca-1wt%Zn alloy results in the formation of biomimicking calcification matrix at the degrading interface to initiate the bone formation process. This process facilitates early bone healing and allows the complete replacement of biodegradable Mg implant by the new bone within ...
Biocompatibility and degradation study of magnesium alloys: a review
2020
Metallic materials like stainless steel, Co-based and Ti alloys are being used as biomedical implants. The problem of stress shielding and metal ion releases exhibits with these metals, which affects biocompatibility and corrosion behaviour of implants. Also, the secondary removal surgery is one of the biggest reasons behind the exposure of the body to the toxic contents. This leads to the development of biodegradable metallic biomaterials which eliminates secondary surgery to remove the implant. Magnesium (Mg) as a trace element of human body possesses excellent properties to be a biodegradable medical implant like low density and young’s modulus, good biocompatibility and Osseo-integration, also it is non-toxic in body fluids. Magnesium alloys also having good mechanical properties reliable to bear body loads. In this review, the effects of alloying elements and surface treatment such as coating on corrosion behaviour of Mg alloys are summarized which describes the degradation rat...
A REVIEW OF DEGRADATION PROPERTIES OF Mg BASED BIODEGRADABLE IMPLANTS
2012
Magnesium-based implants have the potential to serve as biocompatible, osteoconductive, and biodegradable implants for load-bearing applications of bone tissue. These implants would be temporarily needed to provide mechanical support during the healing process of injured or pathological tissue. Moreover, the metallic implants, such as pins, screws, and plates for repairing the defects, have to be removed by a second surgery after the bone tissue was healed. Since, the repeated surgery will increases the morbidity and health costs, then, the use MEHDI RAZAVI et al. 16 of biodegradable metallic implants with a good biocompatibility is expected to overcome the limitations of conventional metallic biomaterials and remove the second surgery. In spite of the immense potential of biodegradable magnesium alloys, the fast biodegradation rates of magnesium-based implants in the physiological environments impose severe limitations in many clinical applications. Recently, some researches have been done to slow down the biodegradation rate of magnesium alloys. Besides improving the biodegradation rate of magnesium alloys, the biocompatibility should also be considered. This up-to-date review critically summarizes the important recent progresses for controlling the biodegradation rate of magnesium alloys and also mentions to future research trends.
Degradation Testing of Magnesium and its Alloys aiming at Biodegradable Implant Applications
2016
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Biological response to surface modified magnesium alloys-based biodegradable implants
2016
The present dissertation could not be done without the contribution of several people and entities to which I want to express my gratitude, specially thanking: my supervisor, Prof. Maria Helena Raposo Fernandes, from Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, for the constant support, incentive, supervision and knowledge transmitted, essential to the development of this project; my co-supervior, Prof. Maria de Fátima Grilo da Costa Montemor, from Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, for all the support and supervision in the development of this project; Prof. Fernando Jorge Monteiro, the coordinator of the PhD program in Biomedical Engineering at FEUP, for the support given throughout the PhD program; all the researchers and students (Liliana, Marta, Angela, José Carlos, Tatiana, Elisabete, Fábio e Suzy), at Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, FMDUP, for the support, especially Pedro Gomes and João Rodrigues, for all the help, tips and advices; the European Micro and Nano Technology, for the financial support given to the project FP7-ERAMNT/0002/2009; all my friends for their friendship, support and incentive during the development and concretization of this thesis, my family, for their unconditional support and incentive during this period of my life.