Curriculum Theory and Practice By (original) (raw)
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The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. In dictionaries, curriculum is often defined as the courses offered by a school, but it is rarely used in such a general sense in schools. Depending on how broadly educators define or employ the term, curriculum typically refers to the knowledge and skills students are expected to learn, which includes the learning standards or learning objectives they are expected to meet; the units and lessons that teachers teach; the assignments and projects given to students; the books, materials, videos, presentations, and readings used in a course; and the tests, assessments, and other methods used to evaluate student learning. An individual teacher's curriculum, for example, would be the specific learning standards, lessons, assignments, and materials used to organize and teach a particular course. When the terms curriculum or curricula are used in educational contexts without qualification, specific examples, or additional explanation, it may be difficult to determine precisely what the terms are referring to—mainly because they could be applied to either all or only some of the component parts of a school's academic program or courses. In many cases, teachers develop their own curricula, often refining and improving them over years, although it is also common for teachers to adapt lessons and syllabi created by other teachers, use curriculum templates and guides to structure their lessons and courses, or purchase prepackaged curricula from individuals and companies. In some cases, schools purchase comprehensive, multigrade curriculum packages—often in a particular subject area, such as mathematics—that teachers are required to use or follow. Curriculum may also encompass a school's academic requirements for graduation, such as the courses students have to take and pass, the number of credits students must complete, and other requirements, such as completing a capstone project or a certain number of community-service hours. Generally speaking, curriculum takes many different forms in schools—too many to comprehensively catalog here. It is important to note that while curriculum encompasses a wide variety of potential educational and instructional practices, educators often have a very precise, technical meaning in mind when they use the term. Most teachers spend a lot of time thinking about, studying, discussing, and analyzing curriculum, and many educators have acquired a specialist's expertise in curriculum development—i.e., they know how to structure, organize, and deliver lessons in ways that facilitate or accelerate student learning. To noneducators, some curriculum materials may seem simple or straightforward (such as a list of required reading, for example), but they may reflect a deep and sophisticated understanding of an academic discipline and of the most effective strategies for learning acquisition and classroom management. For a related discussion, see hidden curriculum. Reform Since curriculum is one of the foundational elements of effective schooling and teaching, it is often the object of reforms, most of which are broadly intended to either mandate or encourage greater curricular standardization and consistency across states, schools, grade levels, subject areas, and courses. The following are a few representative examples of the ways in which curriculum is targeted for improvement or used to leverage school improvement and increase teacher effectiveness:
The Nature, Scope and Structure of Curriculum.
2019
Curriculum is a term in which has evolved with multitude of definitions over the the time. In this academic letter, it is attempted to analyze briefly, the nature, scope and the structure of this term through the analysis of ten definitions selected to glimpse the multi-faceted term- curriculum.
Curriculum as a Field of Study
Curriculum and the Role of Teachers Curriculum Change 13.10.1 Implementation of Cumculum Change Let Us Sum Up Unit-end Activities Suggested Readings Answers t o Check Your Progress 3. INTRODUCTION In Blocks one, two and three, we provided you a detailed understanding of the concept, nature, character and aims of education. Education of human beings, as all we know 1. Curriculum is the list of contents taught to the students. 2. Cumculum is a set of subjects. 3. Curriculum is the syllabi followed in a school or a college. 4. Cumculum is the programme of school or college activities. 8 5. Curriculum is a set of study materials.
CURRICULUM THEORY AND PRACTICE
Learning is planned and guided. We have to specify in advance what we are seeking to achieve and how we are to go about it. The definition refers to schooling. We should recognize that our current appreciation of curriculum theory and practice emerged in the school and in relation to other schooling ideas such as subject and lesson.
The Various Concepts of Curriculum and the Factors Involved in Curricula-making
—This paper aims at probing into the nature of curriculum by critically reviewing literature relevant to the term " curriculum. " The multiple definitions associated with the term are inductively presented in conceptualizations so as to clarify what are the curricular issues that teachers should be concerned about in the school context. This paper then argues for the need to consider a broader spectrum of " curriculum " that embraces the whole aspects in the curriculum development process, for example, objectives, content, methodology, and evaluation of students, especially when a curricular review or evaluation is undertaken.
Curriculum Theory: Characteristics And Functions
European Journal of Education Studies, 2020
This is a concept paper in education specifically about curriculum theory. Curriculum theory is a sub-theory of educational theory. Theories provide views about the world. They explain reality. The process of education in general and the field of curriculum in particular are embedded in theory. Teachers and other educators rely on theory in research about the school curriculum. Curriculum theory gives direction and guidance in the process of curriculum planning, development, implementation, supervision, evaluation among others. This concept paper delves on curriculum theory: Its definition, development, functions and characteristics. The paper also explains categories of curriculum theories and theorists. The issues discussed in this paper can trigger research in theory development and inform educationists and teachers in theory development and research in curriculum.
What is Curriculum? Building a Broader Understanding of the Term
Sciedu Press, 2023
This paper is an attempt to come to a broader understanding of the term 'curriculum.' To that end, tens of curriculum definitions from language teaching and education literature were collected and analyzed using a proposed analytical formula. The 'theme-rheme' or 'trunk-branch' (as described and explained in the methodology) formula proposed here was utilized from Halliday's (1985) systemic functional linguistics (SFL). This formula helps identify the part of the definition in which the topic is stated and the part of the definition in which Schwab's (1973) commonplaces (main ideas) or some of them are discursively represented. This formula is not only helpful for analyzing definitions but also for writing definitions. Based on the analysis of definitions collected, the study defines curriculum as prescriptive content that illustrates what will be taught in a given educational program, who will teach, who will be taught, with what tools and in what context, with what effect, and how learners will be assessed.