Flavonoids of Plantago species in Egypt (original) (raw)
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Comparative study of some polyphenols in Plantago species
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2012
The identification and determination of major flavonoids in endemic species Plantago schwarzenbergiana and Plantago reniformis is reported for the first time. Flavonoids and phenylpropanoid glycoside acteoside were also determined in four other Plantago species, namely Plantago atrata, Plantago coronopus, Plantago holosteum and Plantago lanceolata, using LC-MS/MS and HPTLC analysis, respectively. Apigenin was found to be the major flavonoid in P. schwarzenbergiana, while luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were dominant compounds in P. atrata, P. coronopus, P. holosteum and P. lanceolata. Luteolin and apigenin were present in P. reniformis in lowest amounts, and corresponding glucosides were detected in traces only. The acteoside concentration was the highest in P. lanceolata (21.71 mg/g dry weight). The extracts were also evaluated regarding the contents of total phenolics, phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs), and iridoids. P. lanceolata contained the highest concentrations of total phenolics and PPGs, while P. holosteum was the richest in iridoids. Moreover, xanthone-C-glucoside mangiferin was not reported in Plantago species before.
Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2013
A rapid reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and applied for simultaneous separation, and determination of flavonoids and phenolic acids in eight Plantago L. taxa (P. altissima L., P. argentea Chaix, P. coronopus L., P. holosteum Scop. ssp. depauperata Pilger, P. holosteum ssp. holosteum, P. holosteum ssp. scopulorum (Degen) Horvatic¤ , P. lagopus L., and P. maritima L.) growing in Croatia. Chromatographic separation was carried out on Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 using gradient elution with a H 2 O (pH 2.5, adjusted with CF 3 COOH) and MeCN mixture at 308. The contents of analyzed phenolic compounds (% of the dry weight of the leaves, dw) varied among examined species: rutin (max. 0.024%, P. argentea), hyperoside (max. 0.020%, P. lagopus), quercitrin (max. 0.013%, P. holosteum ssp. holosteum), quercetin (max. 0.028%, P. holosteum ssp. scopulorum), chlorogenic acid (max. 0.115%, P. lagopus), and caffeic acid (max. 0.046%, P. coronopus). Isoquercitrin was detected only in P. argentea (0.020%), while isochlorogenic acid content was below limit of quantification in all investigated species. Multivariate analyses (UPGMA and PCA) showed significant differences in contents of investigated polyphenolic compounds between different Plantago taxa. Accordingly, investigated substances might be employed as chemotaxonomic markers in the study of the complex genus Plantago.
2022
pharmaceutical applications. In this study, six different Iranian species of plantago were studied to determine their antioxidant activity as well as their total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin content. The highest contents for total phenolics (92.37 mg GAE/g DW) and total flavonoids (57.16 mg QE/g DW) were found in P. major, whereas the highest total flavonols content (46.07 mg QE/g DW) and carotenoids (0.13 mg/g DW) were detected in P. cornopus. The least 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) activity (0.66 mg/ml) was found in P. major. Also, total antioxidant capacity was in the following order P. major > P. cornopus > P. subulata > P. lanceolate ≥ P. maritima > P. ovata. Preliminar comparison of the Iranian plantago species identified them as good sources of phenolic compounds. Hence, P. major followed by P. cornopus were identified as the richest species in phenolics content with high antioxidant activity.
Flavonoid content assay: Prevalidation and application on Plantago L. species
This work is aimed to prevalidate and apply UV/Vis spectrophotometric procedure for flavonoid determination in herbal material using AlCl 3 as a reagent. Fast and simple, full prevalidation for quality control and standardization of analytical procedure, based on mathematical/statistical testing coupled with system of diagnosis was used to evaluate and demonstrate the reliability of method for flavonoid determination with AlCl 3 (F-Al procedure). Favourable prevalidation characteristics verified this procedure as a valuable tool in flavonoid analysis, so it was successfully applied for determination of flavonoids in leaves, stems and flowers of Plantago L. species growing in Croatia. The results showed the various flavonoid contents between different plant parts (leaves: up to 0.13%; stems: up to 0.07% and flowers: up to 0.07%). The results of flavonoid determination were statistically evaluated by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Student's t-test as a contribution to investigation of different taxa of genus Plantago L.
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2006
The flavonoids of 11 Egyptian species of the tribe Asclepiadeae (Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae) were studied: Pentatropis nivalis, Pleurostelma schimperi (subtribe Astephaninae), Glossonema boveanum, Solenostemma arghel (subtribe Glossonematinae), Cynanchum acutum, Oxystelma esculentum (subtribe Metastelmatinae), Calotropis procera, Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Gomphocarpus sinaicus, Pergularia tomentosa and Pergularia daemia (subtribe Asclepiadinae). These 11 species were found to produce flavonol glycosides. In addition, flavonol sulphates and disulphates were found in a specimen of P. nivalis. The flavonoids may provide useful taxonomic characters at several levels of classification.
Plantain (Plantago L.) Species as Novel Sources of Flavonoid Antioxidants
To examine the antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of selected Plantago species (P. argentea Chaix., P. holosteum Scop., P. major L., P. maritima L., and P. media L.), various assays that measure free radical scavenging ability were carried out: DPPH, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and nitric oxide scavenger capacity tests, reducing power (FRAP) assay, and Fe 2þ /ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation. In all of the tests extracts showed a potent antioxidant effect compared with BHT, a wellknown synthetic antioxidant, and the extract of P. major, accepted as an official remedy. Besides, in examined extracts the total phenolic amount (ranging from 38.43 to 70.97 mg of GAE/g of dw) and the total flavonoid content (5.31-13.10 mg of QE/g of dw) were determined. Furthermore, the presence and content of selected flavonoids (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin, rutin, and quercetin) were studied using LC-MS/MS technique. LC-MS/MS analysis showed noticeable qualitative and quantitative differences between the species according to which the examined Plantago species could be regarded as a possible new source of natural antioxidants. In this study three of the species examined, P. maritima, P. argentea, and P. holosteum, have been analyzed for the first time.
Leaf flavonoid glycosides as chemosystematic characters in Ocimum
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2002
Thirty-one accessions of nine species belonging to three subgenera of Ocimum (basil, family Lamiaceae) were surveyed for flavonoid glycosides. Substantial infraspecific differences in flavonoid profiles of the leaves were found only in O. americanum, where var. pilosum accumulated the flavone C-glycoside, vicenin-2, which only occurred in trace amounts in var. americanum and was not detected in cv. Sacred. The major flavonoids in var. americanum and cv. Sacred, and also in all other species investigated for subgenus Ocimum, were flavonol 3-O-glucosides and 3-O-rutinosides. Many species in subgenus Ocimum also produced the more unusual compound, quercetin 3-O-(6Љ-O-malonyl)glucoside, and small amounts of flavone O-glycosides. The level of flavonol glycosides produced was reduced significantly in glasshouse-grown plants, but levels of flavone glycosides were unaffected. A single species investigated from subgenus Nautochilus, O. lamiifolium, had a different flavonoid glycoside profile, although the major compound was also a flavonol O-glycoside. This was identified as quercetin 3-O-xylosyl(1ٞ→2Љ)galactoside, using NMR spectroscopy. The species investigated from subgenus Gymnocimum, O. tenuiflorum (=O. sanctum), was characterised by the accumulation of flavone O-glycosides. These were isolated, and identified as the 7-O-glucuronides of luteolin and apigenin. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside was found in all nine species of Ocimum studied, and is considered to be a key character for the genus. : S 0 3 0 5 -1 9 7 8 ( 01 )0 0 1 0 3 -X 328 R.J. Grayer et al. / Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 30 (2002) [327][328][329][330][331][332][333][334][335][336][337][338][339][340][341][342]
A COMPARATIVE PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY AND ASSESMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF THREE SPECIES FROM PLANTAGO GENUS, 2018
This paper presents a comparative pharmacognostic study of three species from Plantago genus (Plantago media L., Plantago major L., Plantago lanceolata L.) and assessment of their antioxidant capacity. First time reported microscopic data of P. media leaves revealed the presence of multicellular covering trichomes, stalked glandular trichomes, anomocytic and diacityc stomatal type. The phytochemical analysis showed that P. media leaves had the highest content of polysaccharides (24.43%) and total polyphenols (28.91 mg GAE/g dw), whereas P. lanceolata leaves were the richest source of chlorophyll (40.38 mg/L). Antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts from Plantago leaves were characterized by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) scavenging test, CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. All extracts showed significant antioxidant efficacy and among them P. media extracts exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity in the three methods.
Occurrence and distribution of free flavonoid aglycones in plants
Phytochemistry, 1981
Flavonoids are widely present in plants as water-soluble glycosides but the lipophilic free aglycones are far less abundant. The 462 flavonoids reported so far to be present in the free state and their plant sources are listed. Evaluation of these data reveals a correlation in most cases between the occurrence of flavonoid aglycones, the presence of secretory structures and the production of other lipophilic plant products. Their accumulation in some plant organs and in certain taxa is discussed. Special attention is given to their occurrence in materials deposited externally on leaves and buds.