Trigonelline [99%] Protects against Copper-Ascorbate Induced Oxidative Damage to Aortic Mitochondria In vitro: Involvement of Antioxidant Mechanism(s) (original) (raw)
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2019
Objective: Elephantopus scaber Linn., family Asteraceae, is a small herb found in Neotropics, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. The plant parts of this herb have been used traditionally for the treatment of a number of diseases in many countries. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activities of methanolic and aqueous extract of E. scaber root and aerial part against copper-ascorbate induced toxic injury to mitochondria obtained from goat heart,. in vitro Material and methods: Incubation of isolated cardiac mitochondria with copper-ascorbate resulted in elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation of the mitochondrial membrane, a reduced level of mitochondrial GSH and altered status of antioxidant enzymes as well as decreased activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and the Kreb's cycle enzymes. All of these parameters were protected from being altered when the cardiac mitochondria were coincubated with different extracts,. A significant increase in cardiac E. Scaber in vitro Results and conclusion: mitochondrial LPO level following the incubation of mitochondria with copper ascorbate (63.92%, P < 0.001 vs. control) and protein carbonyl assay (64.78%, P < 0.001 vs. control). A significant decrease in cardiac mitochondrial reduced GSH content (61.89%, P < 0.001 vs. control), (66.69%, #P < 0.001 vs. control group) in the activity of GPx , (63.91%, #P < 0.001 vs. control group) in the activity of GR was observed. The result of present study suggested that the extract may be used as a potential therapeutic antioxidant agent in future. E. scaber
Food Chemistry, 2007
An extract of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds was isolated and evaluated for antioxidant activity using various in vitro assay systems. The seed extract exhibited scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (Å OH) and inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria. The Å OH scavenging activity of the extract was evaluated by pulse radiolysis and the deoxyribose system. The antimutagenic activity of the extract was recorded by following the inhibition of c-radiation induced strand break formation in plasmid pBR322 DNA. The extract at high concentrations acted as a scavenger of 2,2 0-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2 0-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS ÅÀ) radicals. The total phenolic content in the extract was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteau procedure and expressed as mg or mM gallic acid equivalents. The results indicate that the extract of fenugreek seeds contains antioxidants and protects cellular structures from oxidative damage. These findings provide evidence for the in vivo beneficial effects of the seeds reported in the literature.
Objective: The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (TA) against Cu +2 -ascorbate induced oxidative stress in goat heart mitochondria in vitro. Methods: Fresh goat heart mitochondria was prepared and oxidative stress was induced in vitro with Copper-ascorbate. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, activities of antioxidant enzymes, Kreb's cycle enzymes and respiratory chain enzymes were determined using standard methods. Results: Treatment of copper-ascorbate treated mitochondria with aqueous bark extract of TA increased reduced glutathione (GSH ) levels, reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and protein carbonyl (PCO) content. It also protects the activities of Mnsuperoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) from being altered. Furthermore, it also restores the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), different Kreb's cycle enzymes and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes. Moreover, this extract also possesses antioxidant property as established by DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power.
The major goal of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity of Trigonella foenumgrecum L. seeds. The importance of the bioactive chemicals discovered by GC-MS in these seeds. Standard methods for determining antioxidant activity included the 2,2-diphenyl1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) tests. By producing a graph of percent inhibition versus Arpan Kumar Tripathi et al / Trigonella Foenum Grecum L. Seed (Fenugreek) Pharmacological Effects on Cardiovascular and Stress Associated Disease
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that is the main bioactive component of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata. Andrographolide is an extremely bitter substance extracted from the stem and leaves of A. paniculata. The present studies revealed that andrographolide also possesses potent antioxidant properties which is evident from its capacity to scavenge hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide and DPPH radical in chemically defined system, in vitro. Moreover, andrographolide was found to provide protection against Cu-ascorbate induced elevation in the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation as well as reduction in the levels of GSH in goat cardiac mitochondria incubated in vitro. This compound was further found to protect against Cu-ascorbate induced alterations in the activities of Mn-SOD, glutathione reductase and the activities of some of the Kreb’s cycle enzymes.. Andrographolide was also found to protect against Cu-ascorbate ind...
Background: Very recently, we have shown that a number of compounds isolated from plants and their parts having medicinal importance are capable of providing protection against copper-ascorbate induced oxidative stress mediated damages in isolated mitochondria in vitro. The results demonstrated that these compounds appear to be potentially effective in ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated, in individual experiments, the protective effects of the aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (TA) or benzoic acid, as its major constituent, against copper-ascorbate induced oxidative stress mediated damages to mitochondria obtained from human placenta, in vitro. Methods: In this study, the antioxidant property of TA was established by hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and nitric oxide scavenging activities. The composition of the aqueous bark extract of TA was analyzed by GC-MS analysis. Human placental mitochondria were used as a model organelle to investigate whether the aqueous bark extract of TA or benzoic acid protects against copper-ascorbate-induced oxidative stress, in vitro, by spectro-photometrically measuring the levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the enzymes associated with energy metabolism, and evaluating the status of morphology of mitochondria through studies using scanning electron microscopy. Results: In separate experiments, aqueous bark extract of TA or benzoic acid were found to protect against copper-ascorbate-induced alterations in the level of biomarkers of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes also were protected from being altered by aqueous bark extract of TA or benzoic acid. The alterations in conjugated diene level, tryptophan and di-tyrosine fluorescence, mitochondrial swelling, thiolase activity and NADH autofluroscence, mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology were found to be protected when the mitochondria were co-incubated with copper-ascorbate and the aqueous bark extract of TA or with copper-ascorbate and benzoic acid in a dose-dependent manner. Although the aqueous bark extract of TA or benzoic acid independently can protect the placental mitochondrial from copper-ascorbate-induced oxidative stress mediated damages but the degree of protection provided by benzoic acid was found to be more compared to the aqueous bark extract of TA. Conclusion: Based on these findings it can be concluded that the aqueous bark extract of TA containing benzoic acid as its major constituent may serve as a potential medicinal resource for future use in situations associated with oxidative stress.
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2020
Indian fenugreek cultivars were characterized for their antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction efficiencies were compared for two extraction solvents [aqueous ethanol (50%) and methanol]. The bioactive properties studied were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), 2,2 0-Azino-bis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS ?), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and reducing power activity (RPA). Aqueous ethanol extracts showed higher TPC, TFC, ABTS ? , TAC and RPA as compared to methanol. However, methanolic extracts showed higher CTC and DPPH activity. Higher TPC [45.3 and 45.4 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight basis (dwb)], DPPH (93.0 and 93.2%), ABTS ? (98.3 and 98.5%), RPA [40.9 and 44.9 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dwb], were observed for cv.RMT-143 and cv.RMT-365, respectively. TFC (20.5 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g dwb) and CTC (9.3 mg CE/g dwb) were found the highest for cv. Kasoori methi. Quantification of phenolic compounds using HPLC revealed higher amount of gallic acid (in Kasoori methi), ascorbic and p-coumaric acid (HM-57), benzoic and cinnamic acid (RMT-143) and catechol (only in RMT-365). Significant (p \ 0.05) protection against in vitro plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (pBR322) oxidative damage was observed for fenugreek extracts.
Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal, 2023
Background: Plants contain phytochemicals that are crucial to their growth and development. The potential health benefits of dietary phytochemicals including flavonoids, isoflavones and other polyphenols. Polyphenolic substances, the largest class of phytochemicals, act as strong antioxidants due to abundance of hydroxyl groups. Trigonella foenum-graceum also known as Fenugreek is rich source of phytochemicals, therefore possess extraordinary healing and medicinal properties. Methods: The present study is designed to evaluate chief phytochemical constituents and antioxidant capacity of acetone extract of dried Trigonella foenum-graecum leaves (Variety HM 444). The phytochemicals like total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoids by AlCl 3 colorimetric assay, total sugars by method of Dubois and reducing sugars by method of Nelson as modified by Somogyi are determined in the acetone extract of leaves. The antioxidant capacity is determined by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and phosphomolybdenum assay. Result: Various phytochemicals such as total phenolic content (3.17 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (1.34 mg CE/g), total sugars (32.35 mg/g), Reducing sugars (0.53 mg/g) and Non-reducing sugars (31.82 mg/g) are investigated in acetone extract of leaves. The antioxidant activity of leaves extract is evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and reported an IC 50 value of 737.50 μg/mL. The total antioxidant capacity using phosphomolybdenum assay is 28.21 mg AAE/g.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular integrity and functionality maintenance and their imparement is implicated in the development of a wide range of diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, degenerative and hyperproliferative pathologies. The identification of different compounds able to interact with mitochondria for therapeutic purposes is currently becoming of primary importance. Indeed, it is well known that foods, particularly those of vegetable origin, present several constituents with beneficial effects on health. This review summarizes and updates the most recent findings concerning the mechanisms through which different dietary compounds from plant foods affect mitochondria functionality in healthy and pathological in vitro and in vivo models, paying particular attention to the pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis.
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2011
We recently reported that dietary fenugreek seeds lower the incidence of cholesterol gallstones (CGS) in high-cholesterol fed mice and also regress pre-established CGS. In this study, fenugreek was evaluated for hepatoprotective and antioxidant influence in mice fed high-cholesterol diet (HCD). After feeding HCD for 10 weeks, groups of animals were maintained for further 10 weeks on HCD/basal diet/basal diet containing 6 or 12% fenugreek. Activities of serum aspartate aminotrasferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase increased with prolonged feeding of HCD. Activities of these enzymes were lower in animals fed basal control/ fenugreek containing diets after initial exposure to HCD, and were prominent in fenugreek groups. Hepatic lipid peroxides decreased and antioxidant molecules increased in fenugreek fed groups. Activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes-glutathione reductase, glutathione-Stransferase and glutathione peroxidase were higher in fenugreek treatment. These results suggested hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of fenugreek seeds under conditions of lithogenicity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This animal study has indicated the health beneficial hepatoprotective and antioxidant influence of dietary fenugreek seeds in mice that had been previously chronically exposed to a high-cholesterol diet. These antioxidant effects of dietary fenugreek seeds are complementary to the recently reported reduction in the formation of cholesterol gallstones and regression of established cholesterol gallstones under lithogenic condition, namely, high cholesterol consumption and these effects were brought about by countering of the altered cholesterol saturation index in the bile by dietary fenugreek. The present novel report on the antioxidant influence of fenugreek seeds in conditions of oxidative stress brought about in hypercholesterolemia and lithogenic situation has an implication in deriving human health benefit of this spice adjuvant. * Significantly different from the lithogenic diet group (P < 0.05). Values are mean Ϯ SEM of 12 mice/group. All groups of animals were initially maintained on lithogenic (high cholesterol containing) diet for 10 weeks.