Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study (original) (raw)
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Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2019
Background: Depressive and anxious symptoms are more regularly seen in HIVinfected people than in the general population. This investigation planned to evaluate the magnitude and factors related to depressive and anxiety symptoms among HIV patients in South Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study directed among 363 HIVinfected individuals who had a customary visit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Yirgalem Hospital, Ethiopia, who were incorporated into the study through systematic sampling techniques. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was utilized to take a look at anxious and depressive symptoms. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 37.66 years (SD ±10.03). The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 32.0% and 34.4%, respectively. Patients who were living alone [AOR = 1.94, (95% CI: 1.06, 3.56)], had poor social support [AOR = 5.57, (95% CI: 1.20, 10.84)] or had HIV-related perceived stigma [AOR = 2.35, (95% CI: 1.44, 3.84)] were more likely to have depression as compared to their counterparts. Those with a previous history of mental illness [AOR = 3.36, (95% CI: 1.31, 8.61)] and poor social support [AOR = 6.67, (95% CI: 1.47, 10.33)] were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the current study was high. Concerned health departments of the country should create guidelines to screen and treat depression and anxiety among HIV patients. Further research on hazard factors of depression and anxiety ought to be examined to strengthen and expand these findings.
Contemporary prevalence and predictors of anxiety among patients living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana
Ghana Medical Journal
Objectives: To identify the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety in people living with HIV/AIDS in a tertiary centre in Ghana.Design: The study employed a cross-sectional design.Setting: The study was conducted in the outpatient HIV clinic of a tertiary hospital.Participants: Participants were adult PLWHA receiving OPD care, including those established on combined an-tiretroviral therapy (cART) and newer patients who were not on cART. Four hundred ninety-five participants aged ≥30 years were consecutively enrolled on the study.Interventions: Demographic and clinical data were collected using standard questionnaires and patient files. Anxiety was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors.Main outcome measure: Proportion of PLWHA who had HADS score of ≥8Results: Overall prevalence of anxiety was 61.0% (95%CI: 56.6 – 65.3), with no significant difference between re-cently di...
Background -Most of HIV infected persons report suffering from some mood disorder. Unfortunately, this has been noted to be common among women where the cases of depressive disorders among females HIVpositive patients have been found to be considerably higher than in males HIV positive globally. Since anxiety has been largely and functionally linked to depressive thoughts that affect women and adolescent girls, it is correct to assume that comorbid depression and anxiety is also common in women worldwide. However, these disorders have consistently been looked at independently and therefore, there are no studies particularly from Kenya that look at the prevalence of the comorbidity on a normal or special population. This study addresses this the gap by looking into the prevalence of the comorbidity among HIV infected women in Nairobi. It also explores the factors associated with the comorbidity among this group of respondents. Methods-The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design. It was carried out at the Kibra South clinic. The BDI II and BAI were used to determine the prevalence of comorbid depression and Anxiety. Systematic sampling was used to get 185 respondents who were HIV infected adult women attending their monthly scheduled clinics at Kibra south clinic in Nairobi. Analysis was done using SPPS (vr.23). Results-The prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety was 38.4% (n=71). Age at p=0.031, level of education at p=0.025, and income at p=0.005 were found to be significantly associated with comorbid depression & anxiety. The correlation between the significantly associated variables which was determined by Cramers V, indicated that the strength of relationships between these variables to be moderate and values above 0.2 but less than 0.3. Conclusion-Prevalence of Comorbid depression and anxiety among the HIV positive women attending the Kibra South Clinic was high and therefore screening of these psychiatric disorders and assessing for general psychological wellness should be included in the treatment regimen of the HIV infected women
Anxiety and Depression Among Women Living with HIV: Prevalence and Correlations
Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health
Introduction: It has been found that HIV positive women are becoming increasingly affected by various illnesses, including Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) such as depression. Such comorbidity escalates the disease progression to the severe stage and commonly hinders treatment adherence. This study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depression amidst women living with HIV. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional and facility-based study, 357 HIV positive women were recruited using the systematic sampling technique from two public hospitals in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered for screening, and followed by a pre-tested questionnaire that comprised of Perceived Social Support and HIV stigma. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of both anxiety and depression amidst HIV positive women was 28.9% and 32.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, it was discovered that lack of formal education, being divorced, unemp...
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2024
Depression and anxiety disorders (DAD) have consistently been established as some of the major mental health outcomes in the HIV/AIDS population. In light of previous research attempts to examine its causes and proffer solutions, however, rates of DAD have remained consistently high, especially in HIV populations. This study therefore examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety and coping strategies among HIV naïve patients in Abuja. The research design was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that utilized multistage sampling technique to recruit 1022 HIV naïve patients. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7) and developed instruments for coping were used to assess depression, anxiety and coping strategies respectively. The research instrument was administered to well-consented and eligible participants. Three objectives, which were later transformed into hypotheses, examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety and coping strategies. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square and logistic regression. Results indicated that the prevalence of depression was 65.1%, 18.8%, 10.8% and 5.3% for minimal, mild, moderate and severe depression respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of anxiety was 69.5%, 20.6%, 7.6% and 2.3% for minimal, mild, moderate and severe anxiety respectively. Further results revealed that sex is significantly associated with depression and anxiety X 2 = 21.597, df= 4, p<.000; X 2 = 12.480, df= 4, p<.05. There was also a statistically significant difference in coping between patients with mild depression and severe depression (OR. 2.673 to 29.949). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in coping between patients with mild and severe anxiety (OR, 2.673 to 29.949). Governmental and Non-governmental organizations should take cognizance of this prevalence and evolve measure to reduce the rate of these problems among HIV naïve patients in Abuja and beyond.
Global Health Action, 2014
Background: Psychological disorders like depression and anxiety are potentially dangerous conditions. In the context of HIV/AIDS, this can influence health-seeking behavior or uptake of diagnosis and treatment for HIV/ AIDS, add to the burden of disease for HIV patients, create difficulty in adherence to treatment, and increase the risk of mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of generalized psychological distress among HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Design: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Interviews were conducted with 500 patients initiating ART at Dilla Referral Hospital. Generalized psychological distress was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A cutoff score ]19 was used to identify possible cases of patients with generalized psychological distress. Multivariable logistic regression analysis using SPSS Version 20 was performed to identify factors associated with psychological distress. Results: The prevalence of generalized psychological distress among the population of this study was 11.2% (HADS ]19). Factors independently associated with generalized psychological distress were moderate stress (OR06.87, 95% CI 2.27Á20.81), low social support (OR 010.17, 95% CI 2.85Á36.29), number of negative life events of six and above (OR03.99, 95% CI 1.77Á8.99), not disclosing HIV status (OR 05.24, 95% CI 1.33Á20.62), and CD4 cell count of B200 cells/mm 3 (OR01.98, 95% CI 0.45Á0.83) and 200Á499 cells/mm 3 (OR03.53, 95% CI 1.62Á7.73). Conclusions: This study provides prevalence of psychological distress lower than the prevalence of common mental disorders in Ethiopia and comparable to some other studies in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings are important in terms of their relevance to identifying high-risk groups for generalized psychological distress and preventing distress through integrating mental health services with HIV/AIDS care and support program.
2010 Symptoms of depression and anxiety among a sample of South African patients living with HIV
Little systematic research has been conducted on the extent of psychiatric disorders among South African patients in general, and among patients living with HIV in particular. The present study reports on a survey conducted among 85 patients receiving treatment at three HIV clinics in the Western Cape. Participants completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), two self-report instruments designed to measure mood disturbance. The mean score of the sample on the HSCL was 47.54, which was significantly different from the commonly used cut-point of 44 for clinically significant distress; 52.9% of the sample scored in the elevated range on this measure. On the BDI, 37.6% of the sample fell in or above the moderate range for depression. The results suggest that a considerable proportion of the sample may be experiencing psychiatric difficulty, for which they may not be receiving treatment.
2019
Background: Since 1981, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) kills 39 million people globally. This silent killer disease not only affects the patient physiologically and economically but also psychologically too. It is found by various researchers that AIDS patients have a lot of psychological problems such as fear, stigma, distress, aggression, anxiety, stress, and depression. Materials and Methods: The present study constituted a sample of 100 human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients with an equal number of male and female, selected through simple random sampling method. Further, all patients were equally divided into two more subgroups on the basis of their marital status (married and unmarried). Anxiety, depression, and stress scale constructed by Bhatnagar et al., were used for the assessment of anxiety, stress, and depression among patients. For statistical analysis mean, t-test and Pearson correlation were applied using SPSS 16.0 version. Results: The results demonst...