Age, gender and side-stratified grip strength norms and related socio-demographic factors for 20–80 years Iranian healthy population: Comparison with consolidated and international norms (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Physiotherapy, 2016
Background: Hand-grip strength studies with healthy adults have shown correlation between anthropometric variables and hand grip strength. There is dearth in literature in population of Saudi Arabia. The objective of this study is to describe normative data to evaluate the relationship between handgrip strength and other anthropometric variables especially hand length, forearm circumference with regard to dominant hand, among healthy males in Abha, Saudi Arabia, using a Hand held dynamometer. Methods: A sample of 99 male adults from the population of Abha, Saudi Arabia, ages 20 to 72 years were tested using standardized positioning and instructions. A Hand-held dynamometer was used to measure grip strength in kilograms. Results: Low to medium correlation (significant) is found between all the variables and HGS. Age is negatively correlated. A stepwise regression predicts that hand length, age, forearm girth circumference are the three significant variables of hand grip strength. An ANOVA proves that hand grip strength is less for subjects above 60 years; hand grip strength is higher for subjects with extra-large forearm girth circumference. Conclusion: Normative values hand grip strength in population of Saudi Arabia is established through this study. The hand grip strength is influenced by hand length, hand girth circumference as well as age category of the subjects and these variables can be better predictors while clinically rehabilitating hand patients.
Age and Anthropometric Traits Predict Handgrip Strength in Healthy Normals
J Hand Microsurg, 2010
Hand grip strength is an inevitable component in the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis, neuromuscular, preoperative, post operative patients and community dwelling older adults' functional capacity. Hand grip varies greatly with age, gender and the anthropometric measures when measured by hand dynamometer. The influence of above variables on hand grip when measured by modified sphygmomanometer is unknown. Further, the prediction of hand grip from age and anthropometric traits is unknown. 229 subjects (115 males and 114 females) with age 23±2 and 21±2 respectively were included in the study after informed c nsent. Weight and height were obtained using standard techniques. Hand grip was measured using a modified sphygmomanometer. Information regarding physical activity and health status was obtained by interview, clinical screening and stratified.
Acta Scientific Orthopaedics, 2023
Background: The hand grip strength (HGS) assessment is important to understand the function and work capacity of the upper extremity. The hand gripping occurring during activities of daily living (ADLs). Therefore, assessing HGS is a critical component of upper limb functional assessment. HGS value has been shown as prognostic factor in different conditions in clinical settings and in general population. HGS assessment plays a key role in rehabilitation after hand injury and hand surgery. There are limited number of studies on HGS in Saudi Arabian population. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted in Jazan, Saudi Arabia on normative values of HGS among healthy females. Therefore, in this study we aimed to provide the normative values of HGS in healthy young females in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 131 healthy females from 18-24 years of age were included from Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Information regarding the age, weight, height, BMI, and hand dominance were collected. HGS was measured by using a dynamometer in both dominant and non-dominant hands and the values are expressed in kilograms. The measurement was taken based on the standardized guidelines. Results: The HGS showed incremental and significant increase as age progresses for both dominant and nondominant hands (F (6) = 15.4, P < 0.001) and (F (6) = 14.1, P < 0.001) respectively. There was no significant difference between dominant and non-dominant HGS (p > 0.05) in most of the age groups. HGS of dominant hand was positively and moderately correlated with age (r = 0.666 p < 0.01), positive and weak to moderate correlation with weight (r = 0.331 p < 0.01) positive and weak correlations with height (r = 0.195 p < 0.05) and BMI (r = 0.280 p < 0.01). Non-dominant HGS was positively and moderately correlated with age (r = 0.663 p < 0.01), positively and weakly correlated with height (r = 0.231 p < 0.01), weight (r = 0.287 p < 0.01) and BMI (r = 0.218 p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study established the normal values of HGS stratified by age for young women in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The results can be used as a reference value for rehabilitation of same age group.
Normative Data for Handgrip Strength in Saudi Older Adults Visiting Primary Health Care Centers
Medicina
Background and objective: Handgrip strength (HGS) plays a vital role as a predictor of adverse health outcomes. Several studies have established HGS norms by age, sex, hand, occupation, culture or disability in different countries and for children in Saudi Arabia. However, standardized values for Saudi older adults have not yet been reported. Therefore, the current study was aimed to establish normative data for HGS in Saudi older adults visiting primary health care centers (PHCCs). Material and Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, HGS in kilograms was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer in Saudi older adults (n = 2045) aged ≥60 years visiting 15 PHCCs selected randomly from the five geographical regions of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2015 and April 2017. The average mean from three successive trials, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals presented for the left and right hands of men and women in six age groups (60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, ...
Reference values and determinants for handgrip strength in healthy subjects
Clinical Nutrition, 2008
Background & objectives: To determine reference values and associated factors for handgrip strength among healthy adults. Methods: Three hundred well nourished (SGA category A) subjects were studied, aged 18e90 years. Handgrip strength (HS) was determined using a hand dynamometer. Adductor pollicis muscle (APM) thickness and other anthropometric variables were also measured. Results were analyzed according to gender and age group. We carried out multiple linear regression in order to identify significant determinants of handgrip strength. Results: HS is significantly associated with gender and decreases after age 60 years (p < 0.001). Different reference values for each gender and age category are presented, for both dominant (DHS) and non-dominant hands (NDHS). APM showed a strong correlation with HS (R 2 Z 0.71 and 0.70, for DHS and NDHS, respectively). This association remained significant after adjustment for other variables such as gender, age and body mass index. Conclusion: Reference values are needed to allow the use of HS as a muscular function assessment tool. Values should be stratified by gender and age group. The combined use of HS and APM may be useful as a method for nutritional assessment. ª
Journal of International Medical Research, 2017
Objectives: To determine whether age, body mass index (BMI), hand length and forearm circumference were predictive of hand grip strength in healthy Saudi Arabian adult males. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited healthy adult male volunteers. Their anthropometric characteristics including age, BMI, hand length and forearm circumference were measured using routine techniques. Hand grip strength was assessed using a Jamar Õ Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer. The data were analysed using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) as well as by a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The study included 116 healthy males who satisfied the inclusion criteria. A Pearson correlation coefficient matrix demonstrated that all the four measures, age, BMI, hand length and forearm circumference, were significantly correlated with hand grip strength. Age had an inverse correlation with hand grip strength. The anthropometric measures of hand length, age and forearm circumference accounted for 44.2% (R 2 0.442) of the variation of the hand grip strength. Conclusion: Hand length, age and forearm circumference significantly impacted on hand grip strength in Saudi Arabian healthy adult males.
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Introduction Handgrip strength (HGS) measures the maximum voluntary force of the hand, which has been used to assess individual health status indirectly. Although several factors related to HGS have been identified, studies among adults in Malaysia are lacking. This study aimed to provide the normative reference HGS values and determine its predictor factors among healthy adults of Malay ethnic in Malaysia. Methodology This study was a part of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study carried out among adults aged between 35 to 70 years old residing in urban and rural Malaysian communities. A standardised questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic information and physical activity level of respondents who provided written informed consent to participate in this study. HGS was measured using Jamar’s dynamometer. A total of 3,446 healthy adults of Malay ethnic were included in this study. Descriptive data were used to derive the normative reference values for H...
Hand grip strength: Reference values for adults and elderly people of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
PLOS ONE, 2019
Hand grip strength (HGS) is recognized as an important health indicator, but validated reference values that can be applied to the evaluation of individuals in different populations are still lacking. This work aimed to identify correlations between HGS and anthropometric variables and to establish HGS reference values for adult and elderly populations. This is a population-based cross-sectional study considering the subsets of individuals with healthy right or left upper limbs from a sample of 1,609 adults and elderly residents in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Descriptive statistics of anthropometric measures and HGS values at maximum performance based on three measurements of the two hands were obtained, and Pearson correlations between these variables were applied. Percentile distributions were estimated for right and left HGS by sex and age group. Men presented, in general, a maximum HGS 57% higher than women (43.4 kg vs. 27.6 kg), and also higher HGS levels in the different age groups. In both sexes, the highest HGS values were observed in the age group of 30 to 39 years (men, 46.9 kg; women, 29.4 kg), with a subsequent decline. HGS presented a negative correlation with age and a weak to moderate positive correlation with anthropometric variables, among men and women. The median HGS of men was reduced by about 46% between the ages of 30 and 39 years and 80 years and over (right hand, 46.4 to 23.7 kg; left hand, 42.2 to 23.5 kg) and by about 44% in women (right hand, 29.0 to 16.4 kg, left hand, 27.3 to 15.2 kg). The values identified are a reference for HGS behavior among healthy adults and seniors, although they do not discriminate individuals with specific health conditions. They can be used in rehabilitation programs and subsidize future studies aimed at exploring their potential application in the evaluation of the health condition of adults and elderly individuals.
Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2016
The measurement of handgrip strength (HGS) has prognostic value with respect to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, and is an important part of the evaluation of frailty. Published reference ranges for HGS are mostly derived from Caucasian populations in high-income countries. There is a paucity of information on normative HGS values in non-Caucasian populations from low- or middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to develop reference HGS ranges for healthy adults from a broad range of ethnicities and socioeconomically diverse geographic regions. HGS was measured using a Jamar dynamometer in 125,462 healthy adults aged 35-70 years from 21 countries in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. HGS values differed among individuals from different geographic regions. HGS values were highest among those from Europe/North America, lowest among those from South Asia, South East Asia and Africa, and intermediate among thos...
Hand Grip Strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study
BMC Research Notes, 2011
Background: The North West Adelaide Health Study is a representative longitudinal cohort study of people originally aged 18 years and over. The aim of this study was to describe normative data for hand grip strength in a community-based Australian population. Secondary aims were to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hand grip strength, and to compare Australian data with international hand grip strength norms. Methods: The sample was randomly selected and recruited by telephone interview. Overall, 3 206 (81% of those recruited) participants returned to the clinic during the second stage (2004)(2005)(2006) which specifically focused on the collection of information relating to musculoskeletal conditions. Results: Following the exclusion of 435 participants who had hand pain and/or arthritis, 1366 men and 1312 women participants provided hand grip strength measurement. The study population was relatively young, with 41.5% under 40 years; and their mean BMI was 28.1 kg/m 2 (SD 5.5). Higher hand grip strength was weakly related to higher BMI in adults under the age of 30 and over the age of 70, but inversely related to higher BMI between these ages. Australian norms from this sample had amongst the lowest of the hand grip strength of the internationally published norms, except those from underweight populations. Conclusions: This population demonstrated higher BMI and lower grip strength in younger participants than much of the international published, population data. A complete exploration of the relationship between BMI and hand grip strength was not fully explored as there were very few participants with BMI in the underweight range. The age and gender grip strength values are lower in younger adults than those reported in international literature.