Testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (original) (raw)
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A Study of Serum Total Testosterone Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Male Patients
Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2017
Background: Androgens not only play a crucial role in the differentiation of sex and reproductive maturity, may also help in the regulation of carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism and some inflammatory factors, all these may be known to influence insulin sensitivity. In recent years, testosterone deficiency has been not only associated with general health of men but also with certain common systemic disorders like abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus & others. Aim: To compare the serum total testosterone levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with that of non-diabetic healthy controls. Methods: In the present study, total 60 patients, 30 men aged 35-55 years who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and confirmed by the estimation of fasting plasma glucose (≥126mg/dl) on two occasions were selected from the OPD of Teerthanker Mahaveer College & Research Centre, Moradabad. 30 healthy age matched individuals, were selected as controls. Results: The serum total testosterone level of diabetic group was significantly lower than that non diabetic control group (p-value = 0.000). The mean of serum total testosterone of diabetic group was found 3.53 ± 1.38 ng/ml and serum total testosterone of non-diabetic control group was 5.81 ± 2.42ng/ml. Conclusion: As low serum total testosterone levels are found in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, this may highlight requirement of urgent implementation of screening programs, in order to detect testosterone deficiency in all type 2 diabetes mellitus male patients at an early stage and to supplement testosterone accordingly.
A prospective Study of Serum Testosterone Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients
Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research
Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that low testosterone levels are an independent risk factor for type-2 diabetes (T2DM). The risk of both hypogonadism and T2DM increases with age. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and study the relationship of serum testosterone level with conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis, duration of diabetes and HbA1c in T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: A total 120 subjects were studied after dividing them in to Cases (T2DM male patients, n=80) and Control (sex matched healthy male subjects, n=40
Estimation of serum testosterone concentration in type 2 diabetic males
International Journal of Advances in Medicine
Background: A high incidence of hypogonadism in men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has been globally reported. The present study was aimed at determining the frequency of hypogonadism in T2DM males. Screening and management of hypogonadism in Diabetic males should be done.Methods: In this case control study conducted from January 2018 to August 2019 at SGRDIMSR Sri Amritsar 100 Type 2 Diabetic males were taken as cases. 50 age matched nondiabetic males were taken as controls. Apart from BMI and waist hip ratio routine investigations, HbA1C, serum total and free testosterone levels were done. All the subjects were subjected to ADAM questionnaire to evaluate for hypogonadism.Results: Majority of subjects were in the age of 40-50 years. Mean Serum Total Testosterone levels in Study and Control Groups were 4.94±5.32 nmol/L and 6.63±4.54 nmol/L respectively (p=0.045). Mean Serum Free Testosterone levels in Study and Control Groups were 4.12±3.43 pg/ml and 6.05±3.24 pg/ml respectively (p=0...
Comparison of Testosterone Levels in Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
Cureus
Introduction Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a common disorder associated with type 2 diabetes. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetic patients requires further assessment to understand the etiology, and the possible consequences, complications, and treatment This study aims to highlight the testosterone level in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, it further emphasizes the association of testosterone with the duration of DM. Materials and method This case-control survey was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021 in the outpatient department of internal medicine in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. The experiment group included 200 diabetic male participants aged between 30 and 69 years. In the control group, 200 participants without DM were enrolled in the study. The venous blood sample was collected via phlebotomy and sent to the laboratory to test for total testosterone level. Results The mean total testosterone level was significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to the non-diabetic patients (8.9 ± 5.1 mmol/L vs. 14.1 ± 7.2 mmol/L; p-value: <0.0001) and the prevalence of androgen deficiency was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (45.5% vs. 20.5%; p-value: <0.00001). For each age group, the mean total testosterone level was significantly higher in the diabetic group compared to the non-diabetic group. There was a significant decline in mean total testosterone level as the duration of diabetes increased (p-value: 0.01). Conclusion Strong interlink between type 2 DM and low testosterone level has once again highlighted the importance of a broader approach toward men presenting in the diabetic clinic and provided a huge ground for prescribing testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men with DM.
Variation in Serum Total Testosterone Levels in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2019
After overnight fasting, 5 mL of venous blood was drawn under aseptic conditions from antecubital vein of all the diabetic patients and controls. EDTA vial were used for glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) estimation, fluoride oxalate vial for FPG estimation and plain vial for serum total testosterone estimation. All the samples were processed on the day of collection.
Serum Testosterone Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
Aim: To determine the serum testosterone levels in the type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with biochemical parameters of glycemic and lipid metabolism. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, A cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Diabetic outpatient department and Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital. Male type 2 diabetics (n=100) and age matched male (n=100) were included as cases and control for study purpose. Diagnosed cases of type 2 DM, male gender and 40 – 60 years of age were included in the study protocol. Physical examination of male type 2 diabetics was performed by a consultant physician. Sera were separated from blood and stored in refrigerators at – 200C. Blood glucose, A1C, and blood lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc and HDLc) were detected by standard laboratory methods. Serum testosterone was measured by ELISA (competitive immuno- as...
Low Serum Testosterone Concentration in Middle-aged Men with Type 2 Diabetes
Endocrine Journal, 2007
Low concentrations of endogenous androgens have been linked with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Men with diabetes have been reported to have lower serum testosterone concentration than non-diabetic men; however, there has never been a large study. The aim of this study was to investigate if endogenous androgen concentration is certainly lower in a relatively large number of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy men, and to identify what factors may be associated with low serum testosterone concentrations in men with type 2 diabetes. Serum free testosterone concentrations were measured in 524 healthy men and in 331 consecutive Japanese men with type 2 diabetes between 40 and 69 years old. In addition, we investigated the relationships between serum free testosterone concentration and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration as well as major cardiovascular risk factors including age, blood pressure, plasma lipid concentration, glycemic control (HbA 1c), and BMI. Serum free testosterone concentrations were lower in men with type 2 diabetes than in healthy men in the 40-49 years group (10.9 ± 3.3 vs. 14.0 ± 3.6 pg/ml, P<0.0001), in the 50-59 years group (10.4 ± 3.2 vs. 12.1 ± 2.9 pg/ml, P<0.0001), and in the 60-69 years group (9.5 ± 2.6 vs. 10.5 ± 2.9 pg/ml, P = 0.0104). A negative correlation was found between serum free testosterone and LH concentrations (r =-0.326, P<0.0001). In conclusion, serum free testosterone concentration is certainly lower in a relatively large number of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy men with each decade of life between 40 and 69 years old.
Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 2014
A significant proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a low testosterone level relative to reference ranges based on healthy young men. Only a small number of these patients suffer from classical hypogonadism as a result of recognizable hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis pathology. The cutoff value of the serum testosterone level in men without obvious hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis pathology is controversial. It is unclear to what extent a low serum testosterone level causally leads to type 2 diabetes and/or the metabolic syndrome. From a theoretical standpoint, there can be complex interactions among the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, body composition and insulin resistance, which can be further influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors to give rise to metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance, and low-grade inflammation to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although a low serum testosterone level frequently coexists with cardiometabolic risk factors and might serve as a biomarker, more studies are required to clarify the causal, mediating or modifying roles of low serum testosterone level in the development of adverse clinical outcomes. Currently, there are insufficient randomized clinical trial data to evaluate the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on meaningful clinical outcomes. The risk-to-benefit ratio of testosterone therapy in high-risk subjects, such as those with type 2 diabetes, also requires elucidation. The present article aims to review the current evidence on low serum testosterone levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, and its implications on cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic syndrome and adverse clinical outcomes.
SERUM TESTOSTERONE LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS MALES: A REVIEW IN URBAN POPULATION OF PAKISTAN
European Journal of Biomedical an European Journal of Biomedical AND Pharmaceutical sciences, 2019
ABSTRACT Background: High prevalence of low testosterone levels is evocative due to many chronic conditions, amongst which Diabetes Mellitus is at the top most. Creating such association decisively might contain concentrated results during execution of hypogonadism and diabetes mellitus. In Pakistani atmosphere these outcomes have to be established in association to diabetic individuals, therefore an expressive study has been done to validate these results. Objective: This study was carried out to assess total testosterone concentration in male type 2 diabetes patients with their age and BMI corresponding controls and observe the correlation among type 2 diabetes mellitus and serum testosterone levels. Methods: This cross sectional study which was carried out in Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology Karachi, and Mohtarma Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Hospital Quetta on 200 male patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with BMI and 50 matched male controls were studied with their serum testosterone concentrations measured. Results: The mean age of controls was 35.9 years and that of diabetic cases was 42.7 years. The mean BMI of controls was 23.2 Kg/m2 while in diabetic cases it was 28.6 Kg/m.2The testosterone levels among diabetic cases was 2.47 ng/dl which was much lower than the testosterone level seen in control mean 6.23 ng/dl done in age and BMI groups. 139 (69%) diabetic cases had low testosterone level while 61 (31%) cases had normal level of testosterone. This ratio among control was 03 (6%) low testosterone level while 47 (94%) had normal testosterone levels seen. Conclusions: Serum testosterone levels are considerably lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals irrespective of BMI and age. KEYWORDS: Testosterone and Diabetes mellitus.