COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BOREHOLE AND WELL WATER. A CASE STUDY OF MAIDUGURI METROPOLITAN (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Food …, 2013
Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of water samples were carried out from five wash borehole used for drinking purpose in Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria. The bacteriological analysis was carried out using multiple tube (most probable number) technique for enumeration of both total coliform count and differential Escherichia coli count. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Nigeria Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standard for drinking water. None of the samples complied with the bacteriological standard as the total coliform count ranges between 6 x 10 3 and 145 x 10 3 MPN/ml. Also, with the exception of samples from Hausari and Bulabulin-ngarannam, the other samples did not comply with the pH standard recommended by WHO, NAFDAC and NSDWQ. Total dissolved solid of the water samples from Hausari also exceeded the standard requirements. Although no E. coli was detected in the entire samples, there is need to create awareness about the present situation of the wash boreholes and the necessity for further treatment by consumers, before it can be used for both drinking and domestic purposes.
Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of water samples were carried out from five wash borehole used for drinking purpose in Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria. The bacteriological analysis was carried out using multiple tube (most probable number) technique for enumeration of both total coliform count and differential Escherichia coli count. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Nigeria Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standard for drinking water. None of the samples complied with the bacteriological standard as the total coliform count ranges between 6 x 10 3 and 145 x 10 3 MPN/ml. Also, with the exception of samples from Hausari and Bulabulin-ngarannam, the other samples did not comply with the pH standard recommended by WHO, NAFDAC and NSDWQ. Total dissolved solid of the water samples from Hausari also exceeded the standard requirements. Although no E. coli was detected in the entire samples, there is need to create awareness about the present situation of the wash boreholes and the necessity for further treatment by consumers, before it can be used for both drinking and domestic purposes.
Novel Research in Microbiology Journal, 2018
The increase in human populations together with their daily activities continues to have great influence on the quality of borehole water in Nigeria. In the current study, the major source of drinking water within Arkilla which is the one of the most growing community in Wamakko local government area of Sokoto state, were analyzed bacteriologically to ascertain their portability. A total of three water samples were collected from available boreholes within the major sites of Arkilla area namely; Arkilla layout, Arkilla federal low cost and Arkilla state low cost. They were analyzed for the total bacterial, coliform and faecal coliform counts using the standard plate count and most probable number (MPN) assays. Obtained results were compared with (WHO) standards for drinking water sources. The mean total bacterial count ranged from 5.4 ×10 4 to 3.7 ×10 6 cells/ ml, whereas, the total coliform counts of the water samples ranged from 12-16 MPN/100 ml. The faecal coliform count ranged from 0-1 MPN/100 ml. General bacterial genera encountered were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. The bacterial load recovered from the studied borehole water samples were above the WHO standard for bacterial loads, and coliform content. Therefore, current results suggest that some of the borehole waters in Wamakko local government area, Nigeria; were not safe for drinking.
Bacteriological Quality of Borehole and Sachet Water from a Community in Southeastern Nigeria
Pathogenic Bacteria, 2020
Water from boreholes and packaged commercial sachet water from different areas in a community in southern Nigeria was analyzed with membrane filtration for a snapshot of heterotrophic count and coliforms. Two boreholes out of the 20 analyzed had counts of over 500 Cfu/mL and 7 boreholes indicated the presence of coliforms. Sixteen samples out of 20 sachet water brands analyzed showed a regulatory product registration code, whereas 4 samples had no number or code indicating that they were not registered. The heterotrophic count of all sachet water was well within the limit for all samples analyzed, and coliform was detected in only two samples. The overall quality of borehole water in the community studied was rated D (65%), whereas the sachet water was rated C (90%) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) surveillance guidelines. Improvements in water quality structure in the community studied are required to help achieve WHO sustainable development goals on water sanitatio...
International Journal of One Health, 2020
Aim: This study aimed at examined the presence of coliform bacteria in private wells and boreholes (BH) in peri-urban areas of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, using the approaches of most probable number (MPN) index and coliform count. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and sixty-eight water samples were randomly collected during a 1-year period from non-cased wells, burn brick cased wells (BBW), concrete cased wells, and BH in four locations; A, B, C, and D during the wet and dry seasons. One liter of water was obtained from each well at every visit to the four sites, and eight water samples were collected from each visit. The samples were analyzed using multiple tube fermentation methods and pour plate techniques to determine the MPN of coliform/100 ml of water, reading from the MPN statistics table. Results: One-way analysis of variance statistics was applied using Duncan's new multiple range test to separate the means where there was a significant difference. The result revealed that the MPN index and total coliform counts in all the wells in the locations were above the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit for potable water. The highest MPN index of 54.807 was recorded in Location A and followed by 42.679 in Location B. The MPN index in Locations C and D was 36.740 and 30.943, respectively. There was significantly (p=0.000) higher total coliform count in the wet season (41.48±7.09) than in the dry season (38.33±2.83). Conclusion: This study shows the presence of coliform bacteria isolates in all the wells and BH that exceeded the WHO permissible limits for drinking water. The water from these sources is unsafe for drinking except after dosing with appropriate germicides. Sensitization of the population on the actions they can take to make the water safe for domestic use is suggested.
Escherichia coli contamination of drinking water source has continued to emerge, as an important public health concern across the globe. This had been associated with water born epidemic outbreak, especially in rural communities were access to potable water remains a massive challenge. However, identifying the source of Escherichia coli pollution in public water source had been hugely attributed to faecal contamination either from man or animals which constitute a serious environmental and public health threat to man. This study was designed and thus, aimed to determine the bacteriological quality of borehole water sources with specific reference to E. coli contamination in the studied locations (in Mile 2 and 3 area of Diobu, Port Harcourt).However, A convenience random sampling research design was explored to collect 50 water samples aseptically, and it was analyzed, using standard microbiological cultural technique (All samples were cultured on MacConkey and Nutrient agar plates respectively). The positive samples were examined for faecal coli form. Identification of Escherichia coli was done based on microscopic, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Of the 50 samples collected and processed for coli form presence, 22 samples (44%) showed growth of Escherichia coli when cultured on nutrient agar, 15 samples (30%) showed growth of Escherichia coli when cultural on MacConkey agar while 13 (26%) showed no growth on both media. This result strongly suggest that 74% of the boreholes studied did not meet up with the World Health Organization Standards guideline for drinking water source, thus will certainly pose a public health risk to the inhabitant of the area if left untreated. Nonetheless, , it is firmly recommendation that borehole water from these affected areas should be treated, boiled and filtered before use for drinking and washing of fresh fruits to avert the possibilities of an outbreak of the water borne epidemic in the area.
Background: Water quality and the risk to waterborne diseases are critical public health concerns in many developing countries. Today, close to a billion people most living in the developing world do not have access to safe and adequate water supply. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water sources and water handling practices at household level among rural communities in Bona District of Sidama Zone. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of drinking water at source and to assess water handling practice of households. Data were collected using WHO's sanitary survey checklist and rapid water testing kit to assess bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of water source and questionnaire to assess water handling practice of randomly selected 604 households. Results: Majority (86 %) of the protected springs and wells in the study area did not fulfill the WHO's criteria for drinking water quality standards. Water schemes with high sanitary risk scores had high number of E. coli/100 ml of sample water. Majority (73.5%) of the respondents didn't treat their water at household level, 64.4% of the respondents washed their hands before collecting water, 77.5% of the respondents washed their water container regularly and 74.7% had covered for their water collection container. Respondents who can read and write and those who completed at least a secondary education were more likely to safely handle water at home compared to illiterates, AOR=3.0 (95%CI: 1.5,6.04) and AOR=8.5 (95% CI:1.1,65.7), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that protected water sources used by the community in Bona District were subject to contamination and household water handling practices were poor. It is recommended that concerned bodies, such as NGO's working in WASH projects, Bona district Water and Health Offices need to take appropriate action.
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2016
This study was carried out to determine the coliform contamination of public boreholes and pipe borne water supplies within Bosso town. Twenty (20) water samples comprising of 10 each of borehole and pipe borne samples were aseptically collected from Bosso Town and analyzed using membrane filtration technique. The results obtained revealed that most (60.0%) of the water samples from the borehole sources except the samples from Rafin-Yashi, Maikunkele, Federal University of Technology (F.U.T) Minna, Tudun Fulani, contained coliform counts within 10cfu/100ml while all (100.0%) of the pipe borne water samples had coliform counts above 10cfu/100ml. The organisms isolated included species of Escherichia,
Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Status of Borehole Water in Abia and Anambra States, Nigeria
As part of the efforts to evaluate the quality of public water supplies in Nigeria, borehole water samples were collected from Anambra, and Abia Statesof Nigeriato ascertain their bacteriological and physico-chemical potability. Membrane filtration technique (MFT) was used for bacterial counts on glucose tryptone agar for heterotrophic counts, Tergitol for total and faecal coliform loads. Physico-chemical parameters were determined by HACH's APHA and AAS techniques. For total heterotrophic and total coliform,samples from Onitsha, Anambra State differed significantly from Abia State. There was no significant variation in their faecal coliform count.Abia Staterecorded the highest number (74.1%) prevalence of the isolateswhile Anambra State had (59.3%). With few exceptions, all samples showed no evidence of undesirable physico-chemical characteristics. Turbidity for Umuahia and Aba significantly varied from those of Onitsha in Anambra State. Chlorine and chloride of the study areas did not differ significantly. Their DO mean values have no significant variation. This research revealed that borehole water supplies in SouthEastern Nigeria have higher physicochemical quality than bacteriological. Consequently, public water supplies from this source should be adequately treated and stored. This calls for regular monitoring through research.
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
Inadequate provision of potable drinking water in relation to teaming population is forcing most of the urban communities to drink untreated water obtained from traditional boreholes. Hence, the need to assess the portability of drinking water. In this research, boreholes water samples collected within Gombe city were investigated bacteriologically using multiple tube fermentation and pour plate methods to examine feacal coliform and coliform bacterial counts respectively; bacterial isolation was conducted using standard culture methods. Identification of the bacterial Isolates were carried out by macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical examinations. Total coliform bacteria ranges from <3 to 11 MPN/100 ml and 1 to 3 MPN/100ml for faecal coliform. The borehole water samples from studied areas had high counts of faecal coliforms (Escherichia coli), and other pathogens like Entrobacter and Salmonella. The findings showed that all the borehole water analysed were not suitable for h...