Effects of teguments on phytochemistry and antimicrobial activities of Garcinia kola seeds (original) (raw)
Related papers
2020
The different parts of plants such as seed, leaves, barks and root contain medicinal substances. These substances produce definite physiological action in the human body. This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical constituents were carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts was determined using agar-well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined by micro-broth dilution method. Phytochemical analysis shows that Phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, tannin, saponin, alkaloids and anthraquinolones were present in varying concentrations of the different extracts. The methanol extract of G. kola seed possesses more antimicrobial activity (17-...
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on the Antibacterial Activities of Garcinia Kola Seed
2019
The antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola seed extract against Staphyloccoccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae of was investigated. Garcinia kola Seeds were purchased from Okitipupa local market in okitipupa metropolis of Ondo State. The seeds were dehusked, chopped, air dried, pulverized and stored in a clean air tight bottle sample. 100 g of pulverized Garcinia kola seed was extracted with 900 mL of analytical grade methanol. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to obtain a crude extract. Agar-gel diffusion inhibition technique was adopted for the antimicrobial screening of Garcinia kola seed. 2.0 ml of 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and l00 mg/ml of Garcinia kola seed extract was gently poured into each of the wells in the agar plates. Agar plates of ampiclox were also prepared as control. The agar plates of both extract and antibiotic were then incubated at a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours. The zones of inhibition around the well were measured. The zones of inhibition of the extract against selected bacteria range from 00 mm to 21 mm. The control (ampilox) showed zones of inhibition of 22, 30, 32 and 29 mm against Staphyloccoccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. Based on the zones of inhibition the order of susceptibility of the bacterial to the extract was Staphyloccoccus aureus>Escherichia coli>Bacillus subtilis>Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results obtained from this study, provides scientific evidence that can help in validation of Garcinia kola seed as antibacterial agent for the treatment of bacteria infections. Also, the insilico docking study showed that kolaviron have the highest tendency to inhibit all the studied bacterial cell lines.
Antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola seed and leaf extracts on some selected clinical isolates
Garcinia kola seeds and leaves were screened for their anti bacterial activities using 1% hydrochloric acid, diethylether, acetic acid (ethanoic acid) and acetone. The seeds and leaves were dried and ground into powdered form. 10g of the ground seeds and leaves were in four sets. 90ml of the extraction solvents was added to each set. The seed and leaf extracts were tested on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pyogenes using Agar Diffusion Method. Acetic acid seed and leaf extract showed the highest degree of zones of inhibition of 44mm and 37mm respectively against all the test organisms. The other extracts showed no inhibitory effect on the test organisms. The mechanism of action of the seed and leaf extract on the four bacteria had leakage of both protein and potassium (K+) ions. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of some bioactive components like alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. These components determine the antibacterial activity of the seed and leaf extracts. The results from this study, provides scientific evidence that Garcinia kola has the capability of inhibiting the growth of pathogenic micro organisms; thus it will be useful in tropical medicine for the treatment of microbial infections.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012
The study was conducted to screen for in vitro antibacterial activity of crude ethanol, acetone and aqueous seeds extract of Garcinia kola at different treatment regimes against some selected clinical bacterial isolates comprising of Gram positive and negative organisms namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the major chemical groups responsible for the activity were determined. The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine the inhibitory effects of the seeds extract on the test microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration exerted by the extracts against the bacterial isolates ranged between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. The zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts against the tested bacterial isolates ranged between 4.0 and 10.5 mm. The crude ethanol extract was found to exhibit more significant (P<0.01) inhibitory action against all the bacterial isolates at the various treatment regime. Also, compared to crude acetone and aqueous extracts, it was also notably found to exhibit significant (P<0.05) effects against the bacterial isolates. The preliminary phytochemical test revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sterols and terpenes as the major chemical groups in the plant extracts. The results of this study revealed that the in vitro antibacterial activity exhibited by the seeds extract may be attributed to the presence of these phytochemical compounds.
Scientific Research Journal, 2019
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of fractionation of the crude methanol extract of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds on phytochemical constituents and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Method: Fractionation was carried out using the solvent portioning method with solvents of different polarities. Phytochemical analysis was done by use of specific analytical test for each constituent. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the broth microdilution assay while the minimum bactericidal concentration was carried out using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The different fractions exhibited differences in their composition of the phytochemical constituents. This observation was however not dependent on the sequence of the polarity of the solvents. The acetone fraction presented similar phytochemicals compared with those of the crude methanol extract. The n-hexane fraction presented the least phytochemicals. The crude methanol fraction exhibited antibacterial activity against all the isolates at the concentration of 200 mg/ml, suggesting that fractionation may not be of any added advantage on the antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity exhibited by the fractions against all the isolates were significant lower compared to that due to the standard antibiotic, gentamicin, 4 mg/ml (P < 0.05). Similarly, it was shown that the antibacterial activity of each of the fraction was dose-dependent, with larger zones of inhibition corresponding to higher concentrations (P < 0.05). The acetone fraction exhibited highest antibacterial activity on S aureus with a zone of inhibition of inhibition of 20.5 ± 7.1 mm at the concentration of 200 mg/ml. This was significantly lower compared to 31.5 ± 6.2 mm due to gentamicin, 4 mg/ml (P < 0.05). The lowest antibacterial activity was exhibited at 200 mg/ml was seen with the methanol fraction on E coli with a zone of inhibition of 4.3 ± 1.2 mm and it was the only fraction with effect against this isolate. The n-hexane fraction did not exhibit any visible antimicrobial activity on all the isolates. Conclusion: Fractionation of the crude methanol extract revealed the antibacterial activity of the fractions with the acetone fraction more effective on S aureus than the crude extract. The finding generally confirms and validate the traditional claims and other scientific findings that Garcinia kola possesses principles that are antibacterial. This could therefore justify its traditional use in some infectious diseases and the need for further investigations.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2015
Garcinia kola is a tropical plant which grows in moist forest. It seeds are edible and are consumed for their multiple property. This study aimed at making phytochemical screening and evaluating some biological activities of G. kola organs (bark, leaves and seeds) extracts. The selected organs powdered were used for phytochemical screening and extractions. The antibacterial activity was tested on 10 references strains and 28 meat isolated Staphylococcus strains by agar perforation method. The antifungal activity of three fungal strains was determined on the potato-dextrose agar medium mixed with the tested extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by both DPPH and ABTS methods. The results reveal that 40% of studied secondary metabolites were present in the seeds against 28.57% in the leaves as the bark. The reference and meat isolated strains inhibitory diameter ranged from 28 ± 2.3 mm (S. haemolyticcus) to 7.5 ± 0.70 mm (E. coli). All extracts had a minimum inhibitory conce...
The bioactive and phytochemical properties of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seed extract on some pathogens
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010
In vitro antimicrobial activities of crude extract of Garcinia kola was investigated against some bacterial isolates comprising of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The methanolic crude extract exhibited significant inhibitory action against eleven out of fifteen bacterial isolates tested at a final concentration of 20 mg/ml. The zones of inhibition exhibited by the extract against the tested organisms ranged between 10 and 23 mm, while the zones of inhibition exhibited by streptomycin and tetracycline used as standard antibiotics ranged between 15 and 25 mm; 12 and 25 mm respectively. On the other hand, the minimum inhibitory concentrations exerted by the extract against the bacterial isolates ranged between 0.079 and 5.00 mg/ml while the ranged exhibited by streptomycin was between 0.0157 and 0.50 mg/ml. The plant extract compared favourably with the two standard antibiotics used in this study. The following phytochemical compounds were present in the plant extract: flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycoside, saponins, steroids and reducing sugars.
Evaluation of the nutraceutical potential of Garcinia kola Seed Oil
2017
This study investigated antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, mineral and phytochemical compositions of Garcinia kola seed oil. Results of the antimicrobial activity showed that the order of susceptibility of the test microbes to the oil was Salmonella typhi > Enterobacter cloacae > Staphylococcus aureus > Candida albicans > Escherichia coli. The oil showed flavonoid content of 59.42 mg/g, phenolic content of 41.27 mg/g and DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 of ˂1 mg/mL. The mineral analysis revealed that Calcium (210.90 mg/100 g) and Manganese (0.63 mg/100 g) had the highest and lowest concentrations respectively. Meanwhile, toxic minerals; Pb, Hg, Cd, Co and Ni were not detected. The GC-MS analysis of the oil showed eighteen phytochemicals seven of which have been reported as having antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, antiviral, anti-diarrheal, antiproliferative, antiandrogenic and anticoronary activities. Decane (14.68 %) and Tridec...
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GARCINIA KOLA AND COLA NITIDA SEED EXTRACTS
Antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola (Bitter Kola) and Cola nitida (Kola nut) against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied. Results showed that alcohol extract of Garcinia kola was active against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae at various concentrations, with the latter displaying the lowest sensitivity. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were completely resistant. Hot water extract of the same plant was however, active against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The other organisms showed sensitivity to the alcohol extract of Cola nitida, but higher sensitivity was observed with the hot water extract of the plant. Some of the results provided scientific evidence for the use of the plants by traditional herbalists in the treatment of microbial infections.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies on Garcinia Lattissima Miq. Fruit Extract
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objective: The present investigation was aimed to explore the phytoconstituents present in the fruit part of Garcinia lattissima Miq. and their antimicrobial efficacy.Methods: The preliminary phytochemical constituents were qualitatively analyzed using the standard procedures described in Materia Medica Indonesia. Antimicrobial screening was performed using disc diffusion and dilution methods.Results: Phytochemical screening of different extracts of G. lattissima Miq. fruits revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, and the results are shown in Table 1. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of G. lattissima Miq. fruits showed antimicrobial activity, and the n-hexane extract failed to prove the inhibition against the selected pathogens.Conclusion: The results of the phytochemical and bio-efficacy study revealed most valuable information and also support the continued sustainable use of G. lattissima Miq. fruits in the traditional system of medicine.