Optimal feedback path selection for interconnected power systems using load frequency control strategy (original) (raw)
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Load-Frequency Control of Multi Area Power Systems via constrained feedback control schemes
In an interconnected power system, if a load demand changes arbitrarily, both frequency and tie line power differs. The principle point of load frequency control is to minimize the transient varieties in these variables furthermore to ensure that their steady state error is zero. Numerous cutting edge control procedures are utilized to execute a solid controller. The goal of these control strategies is to create and convey control dependably by keeping up both voltage and frequency within reasonable extent. At the point when real power changes system frequency gets affected while reactive power is subject to variety in voltage esteem. That is the reason real and reactive powers are controlled independently. Control of load frequency controls the active power. The role of automatic generation control (AGC) in power system operations with reference to tie line power under normal operating conditions is analyzed. This thesis studies the reliability of various control techniques of load frequency control of the proposed system through simulation in the MATLAB-Simulink environment.
International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2011
Successful operation of an interconnected power system requires the matching of total generation with total demand and associated system losses. With time as the operating point of a power system changes, and hence, these systems may experience deviations in nominal system frequency and scheduled power exchanges to other areas, which may yield undesirable effects. The two variables are considered for the evaluation of the system performances namely, frequency and tie-line power exchanges. In this two-area symmetrical thermal reheat system with stiff and elastic tie lines are considered for simulation controllers using proportional and integral are designed and the simulated results are analyzed for better performance.
Improved Load Frequency Control Using a Fast Acting Active Disturbance Rejection Controller
Energies, 2017
System frequency may change from defined values while transmitting power from one area to another in an interconnected power system due to various reasons such as load changes and faults. This frequency change causes a frequency error in the system. However, the system frequency should always be maintained close to the nominal value even in the presence of model uncertainties and physical constraints. This paper proposes an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC)-based load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected power system. The controller incorporates effects of generator inertia and generator electrical proximity to the point of disturbances. The proposed controller reduces the magnitude error of the area control error (ACE) of an interconnected power system compared to the standard controller. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of proposed ADRC in the application of LFC of an interconnected power system.
2014
The load on the power system is always varying with respect to time which results in the variation of frequency, thus leading to load frequency control problem (LFC). The variation in the frequency is highly undesirable and maximum acceptable variation in the frequency is ± 0.5hz. In this paper load frequency control is done by PI controller, which is a conventional controller. This type of controller is slow and does not allow the controller designer to take into account possible changes in operating conditions and non-linearity’s in the generator unit. In order to overcome these drawbacks a new intelligent controller such as fuzzy controller is presented to quench the deviations in the frequency and the tie line power due to different load disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is confirmed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The results shows that fuzzy controller provides fast response, very less undershoot and negligible peak overshoots with having small state t...
Load-frequency control of interconnected power systems via constrained feedback control schemes
Computers & Electrical Engineering, 1994
Al~traet--In this paper a method is presented for the derivation of output feedback and decentralized proportional-plus-integral (PI) controllers suitable for the load-frequency control of interconnected power systems. The controller design method is based on the solution of a standard state feedback optimal control problem, but with some constraints imposed on the structure of the feedback gain matrix. A two-area interconnected power system (TAIPS) is used as an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the performances of the controllers obtained in this paper compare favourably with reported ones.
Performance enhancement of ADRC using RC for load frequency control of power system
2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013
An effective decentralized load frequency controller (LFC) is proposed for an inter-connected two-area power system, for the purpose of regulating area control error (ACE) in the presence of uncertainties in system dynamics and external disturbances. The design is based on the concept of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) with repetitive controller (RC). Estimating and mitigating the total effect of various uncertainties in real time, ADRC with RC is particularly effective against a wide range of parameter variations, model uncertainties, and large disturbances. Furthermore, with only two tuning parameters, the controller provides a simple, easy-touse solution to complex engineering problems in practice. Here, an ADRC with RC-based LFC solution is developed for the power systems with non-reheat and reheat turbines. The simulation results verified the effectiveness of the ADRC with RC.
2008
In this paper a new robust load frequency controller for two area interconnected power system is presented to quench the deviations in frequency and tie line power due to different load disturbances. The dynamic model of the interconnected power system is developed without the integral control. The area control error is also not included. The frequency and derivatives are zero under normal operation and after the disturbance effects are died. Then the problem is restructured as the problem of state transfer from the initial steady state to final steady state without oscillations in less time. The Genetic algorithm (GA) controller designed here consists of two crisp inputs namely deviation of frequency and the other is derivative of frequency deviation. The output of the Genetic algorithm controller is the control input to each area. The studies power system is subjected to a wide range of load disturbances to validate the effective ness of the proposed Genetic algorithm controller. ...
Active disturbance rejection based load frequency control and voltage regulation in power systems
Control Theory and Technology, 2018
An active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is developed for load frequency control (LFC) and voltage regulation respectively in a power system. For LFC, the ADRC is constructed on a three-area interconnected power system. The control goal is to maintain the frequency at nominal value (60Hz in North America) and keep tie-line power flow at scheduled value. For voltage regulation, the ADRC is applied to a static var compensator (SVC) as a supplementary controller. It is utilized to maintain the voltages at nearby buses within the ANSI C84.1 limits (or ±5% tolerance). Particularly, an alternative ADRC with smaller controller gains than classic ADRC is originally designed on the SVC system. From power generation and transmission to its distribution, both voltage and frequency regulating systems are subject to large and small disturbances caused by sudden load changes, transmission faults, and equipment loss/malfunction etc. The simulation results and theoretical analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the ADRCs in compensating the disturbances and achieving the control goals.
Load Frequency Control of an Interconnected Power System under Unequal Loading
This paper present the use of Artificial Intelligent and conventional (PI & PID) controller to study the load frequency control of an interconnected power system under unequal loading. Unequal loading means the percentage change in load side power is not same. In the proposed scheme, control methodology developed using Artificial Neural Network and conventional controller for thermal-thermal and hydro thermal power system. The control strategies guarantee that the steady state error of frequencies and nonchalant interchange of tie-line power are maintained in given tolerance limitations. The performance of these controllers is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. A comparison of conventional controller and ANN controller based approaches shows the transcendence of proposed ANN based approach upon conventional controller. The simulation results are tabulated as a relative performance in view of settling time and peak overshoot.