An SLM System for the Extraction of In(III) from Concentrated HCl Media Using ADOGEN 364 as Carrier (original) (raw)
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Effects of Process Factors on Performances of Liquid Membrane-Based Transfer of Indole-3-Acetic Acid
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The paper has aimed at studying the transfer of indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) from a feed aqueous solution to a stripping aqueous solution of NaOH using a chloroform bulk liquid membrane and trioctylamine (TOA) as a ligand (L). Initial molar concentrations of IAA in the feed phase, cIAA,F0 (10-4-10-3 kmol/m3), of TOA in the membrane phase, cL,M0 (10-2 and 10-1 kmol/m3), and of NaOH in the stripping phase, cNaOH,S0 (10-2 and 1 kmol/m3), were selected as process factors. Their effects on the final values of IAA concentration in the feed phase (cIAA,Ff) and stripping solution (cIAA,Sf), extraction efficiency (EF), distribution coefficient (KD), and recovery efficiency (ER) were quantified using multiple regression equations. Regression coefficients were determined from experimental data, i.e., cIAA,Ff,ex=0.02-1×10-4 kmol/m3, cIAA,Sf,ex=0.22-2.58×10-3 kmol/m3, EF,ex=90.0-97.9%, KD,ex=9.0-46.6, and ER,ex=66.5-94.2%. It was found that cIAA,F0 had the most significant positive effect on cIAA,...
Factors influencing transport through liquid membranes and membrane based solvent extraction
Journal of Separation Science, 2001
Based on experimental data from pertraction through liquid membranes and membrane based solvent extraction (MBSE) or solvent stripping (MBSS) of butyric acid (BA), phenylalanine (Phe), and heterocyclic carboxylic acid (HCA), the influence of the formulation of the membrane phase, kinetics of the acid/carrier complex decomposition, composition of the donor phase, and hydrodynamic conditions on pertraction and MBSE is discussed. The analysis of mass-transfer resistance including the resistance based on reaction kinetics in pertraction through bulk and supported liquid membranes and in MBSE and MBSS in hollow fibre contactors is presented. It has been found that mass-transfer resistance based on the reaction kinetics on the stripping interface represents about 38% of the overall resistance in pertraction of BA and about 60% in MBSS of BA from the complex with trioctylamine extractant. Aggregation and/or formation of a microemulsion at the concentration of DEHPA in the membrane phase above 1 kmol N m -3 substantially decrease the transport rate of Phe through the layered liquid membrane. Competitive transport of HCl decreases greatly the transport of HCA through liquid membrane with TOA as a carrier while the influence of the co-transport of H 2 SO 4 is very small. Transport of the mineral acid from chloride media is much higher than from sulphate media.
Indium recovery from sulphuric solutions by supported liquid membranes
Hydrometallurgy, 1988
. Indium recovery from sulphuric solutions by supported liquid membranes. Hydrometallurgy, 20: 109-120. A supported liquid membrane (SLM) process was developed for indium recovery from industrial copper dross leach solutions up to a pre-pilot scale level (0.5 m 2 of membrane surface). The aim of the research was to collect preliminary results for a further scale-up, necessary to assess the economic feasibility of an SLM process, mainly with respect to the solvent extraction technique. The SLM technique proved to be suitable for selectively separating and concentrating indium from copper solutions. The values of the separation factor for In/Cu (104-106) and of the concentration factor for indium (400) are very high. The order of magnitude of the indium flux through the membrane (g/m 2 h) can be favourably compared to those reported in the literature for other chemical systems and can be considered interesting for the extraction of a valuable metal such as indium from dilute solutions. With regard to the life-time of the liquid film, one of the most critical parameters under study, the results relative to a feed solution containing only Cu, In and H2S04 show that it is stable enough to perform pilot runs of several weeks. Some improvements can also be foreseen through a more detailed analysis of the causes affecting stability. In the case that the industrial solution is used, the extraction efficiency decreases with time. Some possible causes for this behaviour were investigated; the use of a more selective extractant would probably minimize the problem. The new extractant should also be chosen bearing in mind its possible interaction with the support, which seems to be a cause of its deterioration. No evidence of fouling was observed during the experiments. The results reached using the pre-pilot module confirmed those obtained in benchscale tests. Thus, at this stage of the research, scale-up effects appear to be minimal.
Revista de Chimie, 2019
The paper presents a study of the phenomena that take place at membrane system interfaces in the process of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport. The results were obtained in a bulk liquid membrane system using trioctylamine, tributylphosphate, trioctilphosphine oxide as carriers in chloroform. The main equilibriums that take place at the interface feed phase% membrane phase were identified and the diffusion coefficient of the indole-3-acetic acid complex (DLS) and the extraction constant (Kex) were assessed. The influence of the chemical potential gradient on these parameters was considered.
Main Group Metal Chemistry, 2008
The extraction and carrier facilitated transport of Mg", Ca ++ , Na + and K + has been studied using a series of non-cyclic ionophores through chloroform bulk liquid membrane system. The ionophores used were viz. DEGDBE (I), DEGDB (II) 0,0,0'0xydiethyline diglycolic acid (III) and 0,0,0'0xydiethyline diglycolic mono acetate(IV). The amount of metal ions extracted as well as transported mainly depends upon the structure of the ionophore, its concentration and also on the concentration of metal ions.
Hybrid liquid membrane (HLM) system in separation technologies
Journal of Membrane Science, 1996
A novel liquid membrane system, denoted hybrid liquid membrane (HLM), was developed for the separation of solutes (metal ions, acids, etc.). It utilizes a solution of an extracting reagent (carrier solution), flowing between membranes. The membranes, which separate the carrier solution from feed and receiving (strip) solutions, enable the transport of solutes, but block the transfer of the carrier to the feed or to the strip. Blocking the carrier is achieved through membranes hydrophilic/hydrophobic or ion exchange properties, or through their retention abilities, due to pore size. The HLM-facilitated transport mechanisms have been schematically described and theoretical models have been developed to predict the rate of transport in the different separation processes. The model was tested on titanium(IV) transport from hydrochloric acid solutions. Titanium was removed by countertransport from low acidic (pH = 0.65) solutions or by co-transport from high acidic (7 mol/kg HC1) solutions, using DEHPA in benzene as a liquid carrier (membrane) solution. The efficiency of titanium transfer was studied as a function of feed, carrier and strip flow rate. Mass transfer parameters obtained were compared with model calculated data. Module optimization characteristics are discussed.
2019
The extraction of Cadmium (II) (Cd(II)) ions across a Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) using Triethyleneamine (TEDA) in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as a carrier, was investigated. The aforementioned carrier was embodied within the microporous polypropylene membrane. Hereby, we present the results of optimization of certain conditions like acid and carrier concentration in feed and membrane phase respectively, stripping phase makeup, and their effects on stripping of the metal ions from the feed solution. 1.0 M HNO3 in the feed solution, 1.5 M in stripping phase, 3.75 M of TEDA in membrane phase and 2.36 × 10-3 mol/dm3 of Cd(II) metals ions concentrations were found to be the optimum conditions for the extraction of Cd(II). Some theoretical equations were proposed which were beneficial in investigating the extraction mechanism and stoichiometry of the physio-chemical processes occurring in the organic membrane phase. Characterization of the SLM through flux, permeability and diffusion...
Journal of electrochemical science and technology, 2019
Supported liquid membrane process usually is used for recovering or enrichment of valuable metals in the industrial wastewater. But, even if the metals in the wastewater was separated with high chemical selectivity, it cannot be enough concentrated since separation performance of supported liquid membrane (SLM) process is limited by concentration gradient between feed solution and stripping solution. If metal concentration in the stripping solution to be enough low, transport of metal through membrane can be accomplishment constantly. Therefore, Electrodialysis (ED) has been placed after SLM process and the stripping solution of SLM was used as the feed solution for the ED process. Transport of ions in the solutions is successfully performed by ED process. Thus, the metal concentration in the stripping solution does not rise as to stop ion transport. Besides, valuable metals easily are concentrated by ED process for re-use. In this study, effects of operation parameters like initial Cd(II) concentration, HCl concentration in the feed solution of SLM and applied voltage are investigated on separation efficiency, flux and permeability of the both processes. As the feed solution concentration increased, all performance values has increased. When initial concentration of 100 mg/L is used, separation performances (SP) are 55% and 70%, for SLM and consecutive process, respectively. The best HCl concentration in the feed solution of SLM has determined as 2 M, in this conditions SP are 64% and 72%, for SLM and consecutive process, respectively. With increased of applied voltage on ED process, SP of the consecutive process has been raised from 72% to 83%. According to the obtained experimental data, consecutive process has better separation performance than SLM. When the separation performances of both processes were compared for the same operating conditions, it was determined higher the separation efficiency, permeability and flux values of the consecutive process, 8%, 9% and %10.6, respectively. Consequently, the use of the consecutive process increases the performance efficiency of both processes. The consecutive process studied has quite a good chemical separation efficiency, and enrichment capability. Moreover, this process requires few water and energy.
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Green Processing and Synthesis, 2014
The microreactor has been developed for a wide range of applications because of many advantages, such as high mass transfer efficiency, low energy consumption and the closed and safe system. The application of microreactors in the traditional hydrometallurgy extraction process is expected to overcome difficulties such as coextraction of impurities, large consumption of extractant and hidden fire risks. In this study, the extraction and separation efficiency of In 3+ from a complex sulfate solution containing impurities, such as Fe 2+ and Zn 2+ , were studied. The microreactor extraction was carried out in a Pyrex microchip, and the organic phase was prepared with the extractant di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) diluted in 260# kerosene. The results showed that with only 0.55 s contact between the organic and aqueous phases, the extraction ratio of In 3+ can reach 90.80%, while only 0.16% of Fe 2+ and 0.22% of Zn 2+ were co-extracted; the average mass transfer speed of In 3+ was calculated as high as 0.34 g•m-2 •s-1. Compared with the traditional mixing settler process, microreactor extraction has advantages of higher extraction ratio of In 3+ , lower trend of co-extraction of the impurities and emulsification.