Sмаrt City Evaluation Framework ( SMACEF ) : Is a Smart City Solution Beneficial for Your City ? (original) (raw)
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smart city is an emerging concept. This concept is being used all over the world with different nomenclatures context & meanings. A smart city is a city that is well planned, and it provides the cost efficient services, environmental efficiency, and technological sound services for the welfare of the citizens. Smart solutions can be helpful in controlling the ever increasing population in the cities. Keywords: smart building, smart city, smart economy, smart energy, smart environment, smart governance, smart living, smart mobility, smart people, smart public services, smart solutions. INTRODUCTION Smart City is a booming international phenomenon. Smart city word originated back in 1998, but the first funding for smart city came in the year 2000.The six dimensions of a smart city are Smart Economy, Smart Mobility, Smart Environment, Smart People, Smart Living and Smart Governance. Every city can become smarter by focusing on any of the above dimensions. A smart city is a community th...
A Unified Smart City Model (USCM) for Smart City Conceptualization and Benchmarking
International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 2016
Smart cities have attracted an extensive and emerging interest from both science and industry with an increasing number of international examples emerging from all over the world. However, despite the significant role that smart cities can play to deal with recent urban challenges, the concept has been being criticized for not being able to realize its potential and for being a vendor hype. This paper reviews different conceptualization, benchmarks and evaluations of the smart city concept. Eight different classes of smart city conceptualization models have been discovered, which structure the unified conceptualization model and concern smart city facilities (i.e., energy, water, IoT etc.), services (i.e., health, education etc.), governance, planning and management, architecture, data and people. Benchmarking though is still ambiguous and different perspectives are followed by the researchers that measure -and recently monitor- various factors, which somehow exceed typical technolo...
ANALYSIS OF SMART CITY ARCHITECTURE MODELS
2019
Urbanization along with the fast ICTs development and its increasing availability for people around the globe lead to the emerging concept of Smart Sustainable Cities. In order to build a successful model, cities must ensure that there is proper infrastructure in place. Thus, the aim of the article is to look at existing architecture models in the academic environment (multilayered model, databased model, etc.), as well as at the realfunctioning models in smart cities that are considered to be progressive (Chicago, Singapore, Barcelona) and Kyiv, for comparison. And suggest a summary model for Ukrainian cities that will take into account the studied experience. In addition, the article studies the criteria for architecture efficiency provided by international organizations (UNCTAD, ISO). The international experience in developing the architecture of smart cities is important in the context of the active concept development in Ukrainian cities. Problem statement. Urbanization along with the fast ICTs development and its increasing availability for people around the globe lead to the emerging concept of Smart Sustainable Cities. The concept aims to connect economic, political, social innovations already happening or just desired in the society with ICTs to solve the pressing urban challenges. The concept has successfully overcome the limitations of the initial strictly technologically focused model (Smart City 1.0) and currently is focused on creating people oriented cities with broadening citizens opportunities to affect decision-making process (Smart City 3.0). Municipalities aim to use this model to tackle the issues they encounter on the local level like overpopulation , pollution, traffic, lack of resources and services, etc. However, to make the model work successfully, it's important to ensure there is an appropriate architecture on the local and national levels to develop and support the model. The article aims to review different models suggested by academic sector as well as real-life functional city models from Singapore, Chicago, Barcelona, Kyiv, and create a summary model, which can be used as a basis for Ukrainian cities. Analysis of recent research and publications. The topic is on the agenda of such organizations as UNC-TAD, ISO, ITU that contributed greatly to the principles and possible component models of different cities. Also, works of such academics as Anthopoulos and Vakali (con-nection between urban planning dimensions and smart city layers) [1], Hawkins (data-based framework) [2], Robinson (multi-tier infrastructure) contributed greatly to the topic of our research [3]. Main results of the research. The term "architec-ture" refers to the art of designing and building structures and their complexes that form a spatial environment for human life and activities. Thus, architecture in general is an abstract idea of a certain system or structure. Applying the term to smart city concept, the architecture refers to the organization and interconnections between all potential subsystems and elements that allow the provision of all necessary services by a smart city to end users. Smart city architecture enhances the city's infrastructure and its abilities via the Data layer which previously was not available, see Fig. 1. And right now this layer greatly impacts the quality and the form, in which services are provided to citizens [4]. Taking into account each city tends to develop its own model, the question of common standards and principles development plays an important role in the discussion. UNCTAD in its Paper on Smart Cities and Infrastructure has outlined the following design principles that are crucial for smart city infrastructure [5]:-people-centred and inclusive infrastructure, meaning the infrastructure should respond to the needs of people instead of just focusing on "technology-centric" approach. The infrastructure should take into account cit-izens' lifestyle, culture, behaviour, needs. And it should ensure inclusiveness.-resilience and sustainability, meaning cities should be able to survive, adapt and thrive in the face of stress and shocks. Moreover, they should be able to transform when conditions require it.
Explanation of Concept and Features of a Smart City
Statement of the problem: Cities inherently encounter complex, interrelated, and widespread challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. In other words, the accumulation of a huge mass of people has led to chaos, and created the conditions that not only led to the collapse of the balance of the cities but also achievement of stability is impossible with the current methods of administration and urban development. As a result, urban planners around the world are trying to provide models with an integrative perspective to all aspects of urbanization development in the 21st century in order to meet new demands and expectations of today. One of the new concepts that deals with the current challenges in the field of urban planning is development of a smart city that has attracted much attention in recent years. Smart City has been raised as a pivotal factor of the Millennium Development that can open new concepts in urban planning and combine capabilities of real and virtual world to solve urban problems. Research goal: The aim of this study is to provide a foundation for researches in smart cities. In fact, it aims to explain the concept, meanings, dimensions, attributes, indexes, conventional beliefs, challenges and risks facing the smart city theoretically through profound analysis of relevant literature in this field and discussing the concept. Research Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical. Results: The results show that despite extensive literature on the concept of smart cities, a clear understanding and consensus on this issue does not exist and various academic researchers have suggested various contents. So that some smart technologies are considered as the only or least important component of the smart city, others have suggested a definition that goes beyond technology and believe that technology adoption is not the end. Technologies can be used in cities to empower citizens by adapting these technologies to their needs rather than adapting their lives to the requirements of technology. In addition, the meaning of a smart city is multifaceted. The key point is that cities must respond to changes in the context in which they operate. Moreover, what should be considered as intelligent depends on a variety of underlying conditions such as the political system, geography and dissemination of technology. In fact, smart solutions simply cannot be copied; therefore, the value for each field should be evaluated differently.
Comparing Smart Cities with Different Modeling Approaches
Smart cities have attracted an extensive and increasing interest from both science and industry with an increasing number of international examples emerging from across the world. However, despite the significant role that smart cities can play to deal with recent urban challenges, the concept has been criticized for being influenced by vendor hype. There are various attempts to conceptualize smart cities and various benchmarking methods have been developed to evaluate their impact. In this paper the modelling and benchmarking approaches are systematically compared. There are six common dimensions among the approaches, namely people, government, economy, mobility, environment and living. This paper utilizes existing smart city analysis models in order to review three representative smart city cases and useful outcomes are extrapolated from this comparison.
An Analysis Matrix for the Assessment of Smart City Technologies: Main Results of Its Application
SYSTEMS, 2017
The paper presents the main results of a previously developed methodology to better evaluate new technologies in Smart Cities, using a tool to evaluate different systems and technologies regarding their usefulness, considering each application and how technologies can impact the physical space and natural environment. Technologies have also been evaluated according to how they are used by citizens, who must be the main concern of all urban development. Through a survey conducted among the Smart City Spanish network (RECI) we found that the ICT's that change our cities everyday must be reviewed, developing an innovative methodology in order to find an analysis matrix to assess and score all the technologies that affect a Smart City strategy. The paper provides the results of this methodology regarding the three main aspects to be considered in urban developments: mobility, energy efficiency, and quality of life after obtaining the final score for every analyzed technology. This methodology fulfills an identified need to study how new technologies could affect urban scenarios before being applied, developing an analysis system to be used by urban planners and policy-makers to decide how best to use them, and this paper tries to show, in a simple way, how they can appreciate the variances between different solutions.