VILLAGE LIFE IN MAMLUK AND OTTOMAN H. UBRAS. AND SAH. AM: NORTHERN JORDAN PROJECT, REPORT ON THE 2006 SEASON (original) (raw)
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It has been noticed that prehistoric research in Jordan has been rapidly increasing during the last thirty years. The large number of results of archaeological survey, sounding site and regional field projects reflect this. The results of these activities are published in preliminary or final reports. During the past 20 years several major publications devoted only to the discussion of the prehistory of Jordan have been published.1 In addition a large number of PhD and MA theses discussing major aspects of the prehistory of Jordan have been submitted to many national and international institutions. Comprehensive studies directed towards understanding the prehistory of Jordan started only during the second half of the 1970 s of the twentieth century. However, a survey of the prehistoric research in Jordan reveals a marked increase in the number of projects over the last decades. They are widely distributed and represent time frames ranging from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Chalcolithic. Unfortunately, only a few of these projects have reached final publications, while many are still underway. However, the published preliminary results may assist researchers in understanding the differences in the settlement patterns through all the prehistoric periods, and from one region to another in Jordan. This presentation will concentrate only on studying the prehistory of the fringes of central Jordan
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Regional surveys in the Levant have led to the formulation of settlement models in- tended to represent how Palaeolithic foragers adapted to their local landscapes. A com- mon critique of these models is their lack of fit with data from other regions. This is particularly the case for the inland regions of the Levant where lacustrine environments dotted the landscape during the Upper Pleistocene. The Tafila-Busayra Archaeological Survey investigated such a setting in west-central Jordan. This survey report character- izes local Palaeolithic settlement patterns and compares them with a settlement model derived from the nearby Wadi al-Hasa, another area with extensive lacustrine deposits. Despite the similar environmental settings, the results indicate that patterns of settle- ment vary considerably over short distances within the Levant, and future modeling should attempt to integrate information from neighboring regions.
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I J. Perer. ron eta/.: The Origins and D~velopmenr of Agrlculwrc in 1/u: Wtlch aJ.IJa.rii Reg/(Jfl region. This enbancM the research)lOteotial of nology at TDAS 102 and 2 12 were co lored by lhc site, especially in combination with ownerlhc survey rcsul15 in 1999-2000 (MacDonald eJ ous ~rcbitc:auml remnantS. well-preserved or-a/. 2000, 2001) and previous work in lhc W:idl ga,dcs. and over 2m of cultural de)lOSits. Recog-aJ-I;fasii (O lszewski 2000). . In the fonner, the Ionizing !his potential , the Jordanian government cal selling was idcnlified as n lacustrine envipurcbnsed lhc ~-ite and now employs security ronmcnt (Moumani el aJ. 2003) with the P"'"" pcrwnnel 10 protect it. Their presence has sui>ence or some He.lwan retouched luoates. Similar stantit~ly diminished d i>turbances at Kbirbm combinations found in the Wndl al-J;Iasu indinl-l;fnnuru1m fro rn cultivation, bulldo7.ing, and cated on Early Natufian o:cupation. Thus, it vandalism. was expected that an Early Natufian occupation Our rationale for expanding investigations would characterize the WMI al-~yr mateof the agricultural transition outside the WiidJ rials as weU. However, two radiocarbon dates all)asii proper-nod into tile wider catchment from TBAS 102. both around 11,000 bp (uncalizone-was grounded in po-evious research. Sur-brated) (Thble 1), indicate 1111 enrly U.te Natuvey and excavation projeciS within the Wlidl aJ. lion occupation (Neeley in press). These dates ~lnsii have identified several Early Nntufian site.~ tit well with the calibrated dates for the Natu• such as Tabaqn, Yulil al-~Jasii, a nd WHS 1021, fian found in Bar-Yosef (2000) and Aurencllc et but no Late Nutu6an shes (Byrd and Colledge al. (200 1). Furthcrmot-e, the typotecbnologict~ 1991 ; Olsze..,& ld et al. 1994; Olszewski and Hill cbaractcrislics of both assemblnges are eonsis• 1997). Typo-tcehnological analyse.~ or the mate-tent with the expectations for a Late Natu6nn rials from the Wadi al-Qu$ayr region suggested occupation. In tbe larger picture of west-t-et1ttal the possibility for Late Nutufian occupation. Jordan, these two sites appear to bl: ll1e 6rst l,.ntc i'herefore we chose to expand the research area NatUfian occupations ideoriJied within tJ1e Wadi in hope of catching the tcnninal Epipaleolitbic
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I J. Perer. ron eta/.: The Origins and D~velopmenr of Agrlculwrc in 1/u: Wtlch aJ.IJa.rii Reg/(Jfl region. This enbancM the research)lOteotial of nology at TDAS 102 and 2 12 were co lored by lhc site, especially in combination with ownerlhc survey rcsul15 in 1999-2000 (MacDonald eJ ous ~rcbitc:auml remnantS. well-preserved or-a/. 2000, 2001) and previous work in lhc W:idl ga,dcs. and over 2m of cultural de)lOSits. Recog-aJ-I;fasii (O lszewski 2000). . In the fonner, the Ionizing !his potential , the Jordanian government cal selling was idcnlified as n lacustrine envipurcbnsed lhc ~-ite and now employs security ronmcnt (Moumani el aJ. 2003) with the P"'"" pcrwnnel 10 protect it. Their presence has sui>ence or some He.lwan retouched luoates. Similar stantit~ly diminished d i>turbances at Kbirbm combinations found in the Wndl al-J;Iasu indinl-l;fnnuru1m fro rn cultivation, bulldo7.ing, and cated on Early Natufian o:cupation. Thus, it vandalism. was expected that an Early Natufian occupation Our rationale for expanding investigations would characterize the WMI al-~yr mateof the agricultural transition outside the WiidJ rials as weU. However, two radiocarbon dates all)asii proper-nod into tile wider catchment from TBAS 102. both around 11,000 bp (uncalizone-was grounded in po-evious research. Sur-brated) (Thble 1), indicate 1111 enrly U.te Natuvey and excavation projeciS within the Wlidl aJ. lion occupation (Neeley in press). These dates ~lnsii have identified several Early Nntufian site.~ tit well with the calibrated dates for the Natu• such as Tabaqn, Yulil al-~Jasii, a nd WHS 1021, fian found in Bar-Yosef (2000) and Aurencllc et but no Late Nutu6an shes (Byrd and Colledge al. (200 1). Furthcrmot-e, the typotecbnologict~ 1991 ; Olsze..,& ld et al. 1994; Olszewski and Hill cbaractcrislics of both assemblnges are eonsis• 1997). Typo-tcehnological analyse.~ or the mate-tent with the expectations for a Late Natu6nn rials from the Wadi al-Qu$ayr region suggested occupation. In tbe larger picture of west-t-et1ttal the possibility for Late Nutufian occupation. Jordan, these two sites appear to bl: ll1e 6rst l,.ntc i'herefore we chose to expand the research area NatUfian occupations ideoriJied within tJ1e Wadi in hope of catching the tcnninal Epipaleolitbic