DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF TANZANIAN GRADUATES’ ENTREPRENEURIAL ENTRY INTENTIONS: THE CASE OF UNIVERSITY OF DAR-ES-SALAAM (original) (raw)

Entrepreneurial Tendencies of Tanzanian University Graduates : Evidence from University of Dar

2014

Entrepreneurship plays a key role in social-economic development of developing countries such as Tanzania where both poverty and unemployment are high. The relationship between unemployment and entrepreneurship is double-faceted. On the one hand, the literature has established that unemployment stimulates entrepreneurial activity, which has been termed as a “refugee effect”. On the other hand, literature has recognized that higher levels of entrepreneurship reduce unemployment; this has been termed as the “Schumpeter effect”. This paper is built within the Schumpeterian effect-theory, which emphasizes that, entrepreneurship reduces unemployment. In order for graduates to become entrepreneurs, positive attitude or tendency towards entrepreneurship is required. Persons with higher entrepreneurial tendencies are said to have positive inclination towards entrepreneurship. It is in this viewpoint that the government of Tanzania has accentuated entrepreneurship training programmes within ...

Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions of graduates: An evidence of Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Tanzania

International journal of research in social sciences, 2014

The growing body of literature is arguing that entrepreneurial intentions play a significant role in the decision-making process of becoming an entrepreneur. Bolstering the entrepreneurial and innovation-oriented mindsets, primarily among younger generations, might be considered crucial for the successful economic and social evolvement. Detecting the appropriate reasons which induce youngsters, especially students, to become entrepreneurs is a potentially valuable input for different policymakers and a problem explored in this paper. Personal attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control are called motivational ' antecedents' of entrepreneurial intentions and has been thoroughly studied within the theory of planned behaviour, developed by Ajzen (1991). The applicability of Ajzen' s model for predicting the main antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions were successfully tested in this study among students with or without international studying experience, as well as distinctions considering several background (individual and social) factors. The results of the correlation and regression analysis pointed out that personal attitudes towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ability represent the most relevant components of the theory of planned behaviour model, while subjective norms have a minor role. Statistically significant differences were found in six factors: age, family background, household incomes, profession, country of origin, and student exchange programmes. These results confirmed previous conclusions about the explanation power of Ajzen' s model to predict entrepreneurial intentions and brought empirical evidence about studying abroad experience which has a noticeable impact on predictors of entrepreneurial intention among students, which potentially deserves additional incentives from policymakers and higher education institutions.

Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurial Behaviour: The Case of Graduates in the Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania

Entrepreneurship education is so important in shaping and imparting entrepreneurial attitudes among graduates of the higher learning institutions. With this fact several higher learning institutions have decided to either establish entrepreneurship educational programmes or mainstreaming entrepreneurship modules into their curricular. Despite all these efforts few graduates engage on entrepreneurship activities. Therefore the study focused on assessing the effect of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial behavior. Data were collected by using questionnaire from 233 Institute of Social Work graduates while descriptive statistics i.e., percentages and Mann Whitney U test were used in data analysis. The results indicate the positive effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial behavior. Additionally, the study recommends that every student must study entrepreneurship and it should be linked to students’ academic specializations.

Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among Graduating Students in Ethiopian Universities: The Case of Madawalabu University

Research Square (Research Square), 2023

The major objective of the study was to investigate the determinants of entrepreneurial intention among graduating students at Madawalabu University. For this end, data collected from 333 graduating students selected with strati ed sampling technique. The Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to analyze the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of graduating students. The result of the study revealed that only 41.5 percent of the graduating students reported their intention to start their own business and the majority of them preferred to join public and private organizations as career choices. From the cohort of elds of study, Business and Economics graduating students retorted a better entrepreneurial intention followed by Engineering and Technology graduate students. The model result revealed sex, prior experience, residence, parental role model perceived social norms, risk-taking readiness and propensity, and entrepreneurship education were the major signi cant determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of graduating students, and most of the variables included in the model were found to be determinants of entrepreneurial intentions that conform both theoretical and empirical literature. Therefore, policymakers need to design entrepreneurship courses in different curricula to nurture students towards selfemployment and Universities should establish business incubation programs to nourish entrepreneurial talent at the university level.

Tanzanian Education and Entrepreneurial Influence among Females

2012

Several approaches have been proposed by researchers to the economic empowerment of women. Starting and sustaining an individual business is one of the strategies for the economic development of entrepreneurially-oriented females. This study evaluated the factors influencing entrepreneurial activities; there was a further ingoing examination of the impact of education on Tanzanian females starting-up their own businesses. A total of 128 business women from Makambako and Njombe participated in the study, which primarily employed a questionnaire for data collection. Findings indicated that the government policy, strategies and support for female entrepreneurs had little or no impact on their entrepreneurial motivation. In addition, the level of formal education that women attained was found to have little impact. It was found, however, that the kind of training a female entrepreneur underwent was the most important factor in the business start-up. Thus, this study proposes that more e...

Graduate entrepreneurship in Tanzania: Contextual enablers and hindrances

2012

In Tanzania, despite efforts in teaching entrepreneurship at universities, recent tracer-studies have reported falling rates of graduate self-employment. Among the factors that contribute to this decline, the Tanzanian entrepreneurial environment plays an ambivalent role. Based on the concept of entrepreneurial embeddedness, the personal stories of ten Tanzanian graduate entrepreneurs are content-analyzed. The results suggest that embeddedness in the social environment is not of a singular but of a mixed nature. Tanzanian graduate entrepreneurs operate in a developing environment characterized by complex, partly converging and partly conflicting contextual forces, which simultaneously advance and impede entrepreneurial activities. On the one hand, the changed political climate, strong family ties, emerging links with countries like China, and improved banking and taxation systems are among the factors conducive to graduate entrepreneurship in Tanzania. On the other hand, however, th...

THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND FAMILY BACKGROUND FACTORS ON STUDENTS' TENDENCY TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ETHIOPIA

This study investigates the impacts of demographic and Family background factors on the Tendency towards entrepreneurship among university students in Ethiopia. Attitudes can be based on the influence of demographic characteristics and family background. Specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the influence of demographic characteristics and family background on university students' tendency towards entrepreneurship. The sample survey conducted among the Wollo university students. An empirical test carried out on the data gathered from questionnaires. The research results showed that among the demographic variables of the respondents and their tendency towards to start up their own business. Gender and age groups of the student have association with the student's tendency to start up their own business in the study area. Because the p-value is less than the significant level (0.05).On the other case to test the association between the Family Backgrounds of the students and their tendency towards to start up their own business. Mothers and Fathers education status have association with student's intention to start their own business. Since the p-value is less than the significant level (0.05), the researchers rejected the null hypothesis and accepted the alternative hypothesis. Thus, the researchers conclude that educational level of father's and Mothers' of students have a significant association with student's intention to start their own business. However, Parents' Residence and parent's occupation of the students have no significant association with students' intention to start their own business. Since the p-value is more than the significant level (0.05), the researchers accepted the null hypothesis and rejected the alternative hypothesis. Thus, the researchers conclude that Parents' Residence and parent's occupation have no association with student's intention to start their own business.

Correlation between Entrepreneurship Education and Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Case of the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2024

A study was undertaken at the University of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania to establish the relationship between receiving entrepreneurship education at university level and studentteachers' intention to be involved in entrepreneurial work. Its main objective was to find statistically a significant correlation coefficient between the variables of the study. Literature had shown that there were empirical disagreements regarding the direction and strength of a correlation between the variables in question. The study employed correlation research methodology. The target population was Bachelor of Education in Commerce and Bachelor of Education in Adult and Community Education student-teachers at the School of Education. The results have shown that there is no statistically significant relationship between university entrepreneurial education and the entrepreneurial intentions of student-teachers at the University of Dar es Salaam. The null hypothesis was accepted because the point biserial correlation = 0.071, p-value (0.681) was greater than the study's alpha value (0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between university entrepreneurship education and having high entrepreneurial intentions among student-teachers at the School of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Mlimani campus. This was because r pb (0.071) was not significantly different from zero at 34 degrees of freedom, 0.05 level of significance because it was below +.3494. The study's consequence is that these findings justify further investigation of the study's foci in order to arrive at a conclusive irrefutable viewpoint. It appears that additional investigation is warranted.

Assessment of Entrepreneurial Traits and Intention among Undergraduate Students at Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences -Mwanza, Tanzania

Asian Journal of Business and Management, 2021

Entrepreneurship of young graduates is fundamental in mitigating the challenge of unemployment, while the role of universities is considered to be very important in developing entrepreneurial behavior. Thus, the present study aims to assess entrepreneurial traits and intention among undergraduate students at Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences -Mwanza, Tanzania. The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in May 2021 at Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences. Three hundred and thirty-one (331) undergraduates were selected by stratified random sampling. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Data were fed into Microsoft excel and then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis and data were presented in frequencies, percentages and mean. The level of entrepreneurial traits of the students was moderate with overall mean of 3.6. Majority (285, 86.1%) of students thought of themselves as capable of opening and sustainin...

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND THEIR ENTREPRENEURIAL BUSINESS VENTURE CHOICES IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS

This study investigated the influence of University Students’ Demographic Variables on their Entrepreneurial Business Venture Choices in Cross River State, Nigeria and its implication for management effectiveness. Two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at .05 level of significance. Ex post facto design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised three thousand, nine hundred and sixty (3,960) final year students of nine (9) faculties from two universities (University of Calabar and Cross River University of Technology) in Cross River State. The sample was three hundred and ninety six (396) final year students drawn from the faculties through stratified random sampling technique. A researcher-developed questionnaire named “Students’ Demographics and Entrepreneurial Business Venture Choice Questionnaire (SDEBVCQ)” was used for data collection. Contingency Chi-square analysis was used in testing the two hypotheses. Results of the analysis revealed that there is a significant influence of ethnic/geo-political and family business background on entrepreneurial business venture choices of university students. Based on these results, it was recommended that wide range of business choices should be provided in the entrepreneurial programme for students to choose from with emphasis on their demographics. The university system should device strategies to assist the students that indicated their intentions to start enterprises while in school and after graduation through incubation programmes.