Evaluating physical and rendered material appearance (original) (raw)
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The perception of simulated materials
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes, 2008
Numerically modeling the interaction of light with materials is an essential step in generating realistic synthetic images. While there have been many studies of how people perceive physical materials, very little work has been done that facilitates efficient numerical modeling. Perceptual experiments and guidelines are needed for material measurement, specification and rendering. For measurement, many devices and methods have been developed for capturing spectral, directional and spatial variations of light/material interactions, but no guidelines exist for the accuracy required. For specification, only very preliminary work has been done to find meaningful parameters for users to search for and to select materials in software systems. For rendering, insight is needed on the perceptual impact of material models when combined with global illumination methods.
Painterly depiction of material properties
Journal of Vision, 2020
Painters are masters of depiction and have learned to evoke a clear perception of materials and material attributes in a natural, three-dimensional setting, with complex lighting conditions. Furthermore, painters are not constrained by reality, meaning that they could paint materials without exactly following the laws of nature, while still evoking the perception of materials. Paintings have to our knowledge not been studied on a big scale from a material perception perspective. In this article, we studied the perception of painted materials and their attributes by using human annotations to find instances of 15 materials, such as wood, stone, fabric, etc. Participants made perceptual judgments about 30 unique segments of these materials for 10 material attributes, such as glossiness, roughness, hardness, etc. We found that participants were able to perform this task well while being highly consistent. Participants, however, did not consistently agree with each other, and the measure of consistency depended on the material attribute being perceived. Additionally, we found that material perception appears to function independently of the medium of depiction-the results of our principal component analysis agreed well with findings in former studies for photographs and computer renderings.
User study of viewing and illumination dependent material appearance
Our research focuses on a way how people view real materials with respect to their orientation as well as illumination direction. We performed user study with fifteen naive subjects using novel interactive stimuli where subjects could arbitrarily change orientations of planar surface and directional illumination. Seven real materials were represented by means of illumination and view dependent textures. The study comprised two experiments, free-view and task-oriented, and user behavior across different samples together with their answers to questionnaire were recorded and analysed.
Measuring the Material Properties Related to Human Perceptions
2018
Sensory evaluation has been widely applied in assessing the quality of many consumer products that directly serve human needs such as food, beverages, clothing, etc. This paper first examined the inherent deficiencies in this approach, due mainly to the essentially subjective nature of human sensory preference. It then argued that instinctively designating certain materials attributes as sensory perceptions is unnecessary; considering every scientific concept is in essence the processed results of our sensory organs/brains, i.e., all quantities were initially human perceptions. Scientific advances have inevitably generated gradual transformation of such human perceptions as warmth and heaviness into objective parameters measurable in physical quantities like temperature and kilograms. Then using existing successful examples, it demonstrated firmly how the sensory attributes can be assessed by more reliable instrumental methods, and envisioned the key steps to turning a perception i...
Fidelity of Graphics Reconstructions: A Psychophysical Investigation
Eurographics, 1998
In this paper we develop a technique for measuring the perceptual equivalence of a graphical scene to a real scene. Ability to compare images is valuable in computer graphics for a number of reasons but the main motivation is to enable us to compare different rendering algorithms and to bring us closer to a system for validating lighting simulation algorithms against measurements. In this study we conduct a series of psychophysical experiments to assess the fidelity of graphical reconstruction of real scenes. Methods developed for the study of human visual perception are used to provide evidence for a perceptual, rather than a mere physical, match between the original scene and its computer representation. Results show that the rendered scene has high perceptual fidelity compared to the original scene, which implies that a rendered image can convey albedo. This investigation is a step toward providing a quantitative answer to the question of just how "real" photo-realism actually is.
Japanese Psychological Research, 2002
Using wall materials, we compared the impressions of objects when viewed in reality and when reproduced and viewed through visual media: a cathode ray tube (CRT) display and a video projector. The results showed that the materials were evaluated from three different perspectives: evaluation (preference), potency (solidity) and activity (diversity) and that the similarity of the walls was determined according to the two-dimensional characteristics of visual and tactile textures. Concerning the viewing condition it was found that: (i) a video projector can transmit information about color and pattern, but it cannot transmit enough texture, (ii) a CRT can transmit information about texture such as smoothness, as well as color and pattern, but it gives a tense impression, probably due to the image's brightness and clarity, and (iii) seeing the objects in reality is the best way to evaluate their visual and factile textures. Although these findings showed the differences among the visual media used, the impression and evaluation of them were similar as a whole. We discussed this similarity of the judgement from the point of view of an observer's ability to adjust to or to maintain a preset attitude to reproductions.
Realism in Visual Materials: Clearing the Ground
神奈川大学言語研究, 1989
Visuals via simple line drawings which are less realistic are more effective than realistic visuals with a high level of iconic stimuli when presented with ample time (Dwyer, 1978). In addition, a study (Wise, 1983) suggests that field dependence/independence would not ...
Bimodal perception of audio-visual material properties for virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception, 2010
George Drettakis REVES/INRIA Sophia-Antipolis Thème COG Systèmes cognitifs Projets REVES Rapport de recherche n°6687 October 2008 23 pages Abstract: High-quality rendering of both audio and visual material properties is very important in interactive virtual environments, since convincingly rendered materials increase realism and the sense of immersion. We studied how the level of detail of auditory and visual stimuli interact in the perception of audio-visual material rendering quality. Our study is based on perception of material discrimination, when varying the levels of detail of modal synthesis for sound, and Bidirectional Reectance Distribution Functions for graphics. We performed an experiment for two dierent models (a Dragon and a Bunny model) and two material types (Plastic and Gold). The results show a signicant interaction between auditory and visual level of detail in the perception of material similarity, when comparing approximate levels of detail to a high-quality audio-visual reference rendering. We show how this result can contribute to signicant savings in computation time in an interactive audiovisual rendering system. To our knowledge this is the rst study which shows interaction of audio and graphics representation in a material perception task. Résumé : High-quality rendering of both audio and visual material properties is very important in interactive virtual environments, since convincingly rendered materials increase realism and the sense of immersion. We studied how the level of detail of auditory and visual stimuli interact in the perception of audio-visual material rendering quality. Our study is based on perception of material discrimination, when varying the levels of detail of modal synthesis for sound, and Bidirectional Reectance Distribution Functions for graphics. We performed an experiment for two dierent models (a Dragon and a Bunny model) and two material types (Plastic and Gold). The results show a signicant interaction between auditory and visual level of detail in the perception of material similarity, when comparing approximate levels of detail to a high-quality audio-visual reference rendering. We show how this result can contribute to signicant savings in computation time in an interactive audiovisual rendering system. To our knowledge this is the rst study which shows interaction of audio and graphics representation in a material perception task.
The influence of lighting on visual perception of material qualities
Proceedings of SPIE, 2015
We studied whether lighting influences the visual perception of material scattering qualities. To this aim we made an interface or "material probe", called MatMix 1.0, in which we used optical mixing of four canonical material modes. The appearance of a 3D object could be adjusted by interactively adjusting the weights of the four material components in the probe. This probe was used in a matching experiment in which we compared material perception under generic office lighting with that under three canonical lighting conditions. For the canonical materials, we selected matte, velvety, specular and glittery, representing diffuse, asperity, forward, and specular micro facet scattering modes. For the canonical lightings, we selected ambient, focus and brilliance lighting modes. In our matching experiment, observers were asked to change the appearance of the probe so that the material qualities of the probe matched that of the stimuli. From the matching results, we found that our brilliance lighting brought out the glossiness of our stimuli and our focus lighting brought out the velvetiness of our stimuli most similarly to office lighting. We conclude that the influence of lighting on material perception is material-dependent.