The ecology and tree species of urban green areas within the municipality of Campestre, Minas Gerais (original) (raw)

Urban floristics in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Ciência e Natura, 2020

The urban afforestation is an important tool for the formation of a city with an environmental quality. The present project has the aim to provide the qualitative inventory of all tree species and their respective families, in the neighborhood of Véu das Noivas, located in the west region of the municipality of Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais. For each tree, geographic coordinates were collected and the species identified, with the help of experts, and with the material available in “Jardim Botânico de Poços de Caldas” foundation and bibliographies. Together, all species make a total of 497 individuals, once 185 in green spaces, 211 were located close to public highways and 101 were located close to the walls of some buildings. Among these trees, 44 species were found in green spaces, 54 in streets and 19 in vertical landscaping, distributed in 27 families present in green areas, 25 in streets and 14 in vertical landscaping. It was also noticed exotical species compose most part of th...

Brazilian landscape styles and tree biodiversity in public garden squares

FLORESTA

The main features of the Brazilian contemporary landscape style are the recovery of degraded areas and the use of indigenous species. This study aimed at analyzing the vegetation of the Curitiba-PR public garden squares to verify if the areas created during the contemporary period (from 1990 on) have a greater diversity of tree species than other squares and, therefore, are more significant for biodiversity conservation. For this, 32 of the city's 454 squares were sampled as determined by statistical calculation, then classified by creation year and landscape style. Trees species, families, and individuals were identified and classified as to their origin; and the variables richness; average species; number of individuals; density of individuals; and the Shannon, Pielou, and Odum indexes were analyzed. The 15 contemporary style squares presented 399 individuals of 54 species and 27 families, with 43.61% of the individuals and 50.00% of the species of exotic origin; individuals a...

Floristic and structure of a secondary urban forest with a long history of man-made disturbances in Espírito Santo state, Brazil

Brazilian Geographical Journal Geosciences and Humanities Research Medium, 2011

This study aimed to describe the floristic composition and the structure, indicate the successional stage, and provide proposals for conservation and management of a secondary urban forest in Vitória Island, Espírito Santo state, which grew after about 400 years of man-made disturbances. In a 0.5 ha plot all tree and shrub individuals with dbh > 3.2 cm were sampled. Additional vouchers were collected outside of the plot in order to increase the list of local flora. In total, 91 species were recorded (within the plot and by additional collects), distributed in 73 genera and 35 botanic families. Within the plot, 1083 living individuals were recorded (plus 27 standing dead) belonging to 81 species. The estimated basal area and the Shannon diversity index were 32.54 m 2 .ha-1 and 3.52, respectively. The most important species in community were Gallesia integrifolia and Ocotea diospyrifolia, which dominate the upper and middle storeys. In the understorey, shrub species of Rubiaceae dominate, mainly Rudgea umbrosa. The advanced successional stage of

Floristic, Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Tree Species in a Dry Forest in Southern Brazil

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2017

This study was conducted in a fragment of deciduous seasonal forest (DSF), located between the municipalities of Piratuba and Ipira, Santa Catarina. The objective was to evaluate the floristic composition and the successional stage through the ecological groups, the Shannon diversity index (H') and the dispersal syndromes of species, also using the H' and the McGinnies index (IGA) to determine the pattern of spatial distribution of species. 14 transects were installed, each with 1,000 m 2 , considering all trees with Diameter at Breast Hight (DBH) ≤ 4.0 cm. In total, 2,125 individuals were sampled, belonging to 113 species and 34 families. Myrtaceae and Fabaceae were the families with the highest species richness, with 14.2% and 11.5%, respectively. Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae added approximately 25% of the individuals. The most abundant species were Actiniostemon concolor (Spreng.) Müll. Arg (6.9%) and Luehea divaricata Mart. (6.7%). The ecological group of the pioneers totaled 40% of the individuals and 36.3% of the species. The zoochoric syndrome accounted for just over 60% of individuals and species. The H' was 3.92 nats. ind-1 and the Pielou evenness (J) was 0.82. The IGA revealed that only over 40% of the species and 60% of the individuals showed a clumped dispersion pattern. The community is on successional transition phase, from the initial to the intermediate stage. In this scenario, management measures adopted for the microscale could be implemented in order to preserve this important repository for diversity. The application of McGinnies index can be of great use in conservation and forest management, as its interpretation may contribute to the development of restoration methods of degraded areas, enrichment of forest remnants, germplasm conservation and other activities.

Trees description in the main square of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil

Ornamental Horticulture

The knowledge of the flora existing in the cities is of great importance from the ecological and sustainable point of view, as well as being a premise for actions that provide greater safety, comfort and well-being for the population. The objective of this work was to perform an analysis of the composition, diversity and quality of the tree flora (trees and palms) existing in Rui Barbosa Square, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State. This square is considered the main place for its location, history and use, and is located in the central region, next to the Cathedral. The arboreal individuals present in the square were counted, identified and evaluated the height and circumference of the trunk at the height of the chest; were determined phytosociological descriptors, Shannon-Weaver index and observed qualitative aspects (stem-glass balance, general status of the specimen, phytosanity and presence of association with other organisms: insects, lichens, epiphytes or parasites). The fl...

Composition and Functional Diversity of the Urban Flora of Alfenas-MG, Brazil

Floresta e Ambiente, 2019

Urban tree cover has important environmental and social functions and can act as ecological refuges. The objective of the present study was to investigate the taxonomic and functional diversities of urban plant communities in Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We sampled all trees DBH ≥ 3 cm in eight different urban green areas, recording 1,138 individuals and 119 species; two species were dominant: Poincianella pluviosa (Fabaceae) and Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae). The high species richness encountered reflected, in part, the presence of exotic species, which corresponded to 40% of the species and 25% of the total abundance. The functional diversity index (HF') was considered low, with the predominant functional traits among the species being small size, entomophily, zoochory, evergreen leaves, and dry fruits. We recommend that future urban afforestation projects incorporate strategies that increase the use of regional species as well as the functional diversity/complexity of those environments.

Floristic composition and canopy structure of home-gardens in S��o Lu��s city, Maranh��o State, Brazil

2010

Tropical home-gardens are widely recognized as a repository of biodiversity of domesticated and wild plant, and animal species that need to be developed to meet livelihood needs and for purpose of their conservation. Despite being the oldest form of agroforestry, this system is still poorly studied and understood. This study investigates the pattern of indigenous and exotic flora in the home-gardens managed by urban dwellers in São Luis city, Maranhão, Brazil. Forty home-gardens were randomly selected from ten locations and studied for their species richness and diversity, floristic distribution and canopy structure. The species were categorized as exotic and indigenous to Brazil. The homegardens were species-rich, with 186 plant species in total. Of the species recorded, 62% produced edible fruit and nut trees, 17% were food crops, 7.5% were condiments, 7.5% were of medicinal value and 6.4% were timber species. Nearly 60% of all species were indigenous. Differences in species composition determined differences in vertical canopy structure. The floristic composition and high abundance of indigenous and exotic species managed or retained in the home-gardens demonstrates high degree of biodiversity conserved by urban dwellers in São Luís.

THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OF A HIGHLY-URBANIZED NEOTROPICAL CITY: THE ROLE OF THE URBAN VEGETATION IN PRESERVING NATIVE BIODIVERSITY A INFRAESTRUTURA VERDE DE UMA METRÓPOLE NEOTROPICAL: O PAPEL DA VEGETAÇÃO URBANA PARA A PRESERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE

The composition of the urban vegetation that comprises the green infrastructure of a highly urbanized Neotropical city was mapped and described in order to assess how it can be used to preserve and maintain urban biodiversity. Supervised classification was used, followed by Map Algebra methodology, to identify the elements that comprise the green infrastructure of the southern region of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Species composition of the street trees community was also assessed. Almost half of the study area is occupied by 12 types of woody and herbaceous vegetation, composed mostly by urban parks and gardens. Forty-one percent of the almost 90,000 street trees is composed by 10 species from which only four are native. These results show that the green infrastructure of this urban landscape is comprised by a large amount of different types of green elements, and has a great potential for biodiversity conservation. However, management strategies are needed such as better planning of the urban afforestation process, increasing street tree species richness. This study is the first step towards a better understanding of how such urban landscape influences local biodiversity.

Tree species used in urban forestry in Brazil: a scientometric review

Rodriguésia

We conducted a scientometric review based on urban floristic inventories published in Brazilian scientific journals between 2000 and 2020 to determine the diversity and conservation status of trees used in urban forestry in Brazil. The floristic inventories were divided according to five Brazilian geographic regions. Tree species were divided into native and exotic species. We identified 71 floristic inventories of urban forestry, most of which were concentrated in the South and Southeast regions. In total, 473 species and 125 botanical families were identified. The largest number of species and families was found in the Southeast region, but most species/inventories were found in the North and Central-West regions. The ratio of native to exotic tree species was approximately 1:1; however, when the five most commonly used species were analyzed, the ratio of native to exotic species was less than 0.6, regardless of the geographic region. Regarding vulnerability, most of the species i...

Floristic and structure of different strata in an urban Semideciduous Forest in Jataí, Goiás state, Brazil

Ciencia Florestal, 2021

Comparative studies between different strata of forests in ecological succession are important to understand the forest dynamics. The study evaluated floristic, phytosociological and ecological aspects between the tree and regenerating strata of an urban fragment of semideciduous forest, in Jataí, Goiás state. In the last decades, the vegetation that was typically savanna has become a forest. Trees (diameter at breast height, DBH ≥ 5 cm) were sampled in 12 permanent 200m2 plots. In each of them, 25m2 subplots were sampled for the regenerant stratum, which comprised individuals with DBH <5cm and height ≥ 1m. Regenerants had greater richness (31 species), with two more species than adults. There was low floristic and structural similarity between the strata, indicating a replacement of species over time. Shannon’s diversity was significantly lower for the tree stratum (t test), since it presented low equability, with ecological dominance of few species. Both strata had a high propo...