Post-harvest and Extraction Conditions for the Optimum Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Stenochlaena palustris (original) (raw)
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2023
Background and Objective: Control of hyperglycemia after meals is an important strategy in the management of type II diabetes, and the reduction of chronic complications associated with it. Therefore, inhibitors of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes such as α-glucosidase can be useful in the treatment of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in some traditional medicines in Sulaymaniyah province of Iraq. Methods: Eight plant species were prepared with advisory from authentic spiceries in Sulaymaniyah. After air drying and preparation of their methanolic extracts, enzyme microplate assay was conducted on them in four different extract concentrations (1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml) along with negative and positive controls. Finally, enzyme kinetic analysis was performed on effective extracts. Findings: Among the eleven studied plant species, Rubus idaeus L., Rheum ribes R. and Salix alba L. extracts at 1 mg/mL concentration showed highest inhibitory activity (98.13±1.05% (IC50=0.046 mg/mL), 93.39±2.11% (IC50=0.085 mg/mL) and 84.46±1.12% (IC50=0.125 mg/mL), respectively) against α-glucosidase,. After kinetic analysis of α-glucosidase inhibition, Rubus idaeus L., Rheum ribes R. extracts showed mixed type of inhibition (competitive- uncompetitive) while extract of Salix alba showed uncompetitive type of inhibition. Conclusion: The leave extract from both Rubus idaeus, Salix alba and root extract of Rheum ribes are remarkable α-glucosidase inhibitors, and may be used in the treatment of type II diabetics after clinical tests.
Food Chemistry, 2015
This study aimed to isolate a potent antiglucosidase and antioxidant fraction from Stenochlaena palustris. Extraction was performed with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Antiglucosidase, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays found methanol extract (ME) to be the most active. Water fraction (WF) of ME was a stronger a-glucosidase inhibitor (EC 50 2.9 lg/mL) than quercetin, with weak antiamylase activity. WF was a competitive a-glucosidase inhibitor. DPPH scavenging activity of WF (EC 50 7.7 lg/mL) was stronger than quercetin. WF (EC 50 364 lg/mL) was a stronger hydrogen peroxide scavenger than gallic acid (EC 50 838 lg/mL) and was equally strong as quercetin in scavenging superoxide. WF possessed moderate copper chelating activity. WF was enriched in total phenolics (TP) and hydroxycinnamic acids (THC). TP correlated with antioxidant activity (R 2 > 0.76). Only THC correlated with antiglucosidase activity (R 2 = 0.86). Overall, WF demonstrated concurrent, potent antiglucosidase and antioxidant activities.
Phytochemistry Reviews
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial global health disorder that is rising at an alarming rate. Cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage and neuropathy are the main cause of high mortality rates among individuals with diabetes. One effective therapeutic approach for controlling hyperglycemia associated with type-2 diabetes is to target alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, enzymes that catalyzes starch hydrolysis in the intestine. At present, approved inhibitors for these enzymes are restricted to acarbose, miglitol and voglibose. Although these inhibitors retard glucose absorption, undesirable gastrointestinal side effects impede their application. Therefore, research efforts continue to seek novel inhibitors with improved efficacy and minimal side effects. Natural products of plant origin have been a valuable source of therapeutic agents with lesser toxicity and side effects. The anti-diabetic potential through alpha-glucosidase inhibition of plant-derived molecules are summarized in this review. Eight molecules (Taxumariene F, Akebonoic acid, Morusin, Rhaponticin, Procyanidin A2, Alaternin, Mulberrofuran K and Psoralidin) were selected as promising drug candidates and their pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity were discussed where available.
Kumar V and Prakash O, α-Glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes
Pharmacognosy Reviews
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease characterized by abnormally high plasma glucose levels, leading to major complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. One of the effective managements of diabetes mellitus, in particular, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia, is to retard the absorption of glucose by inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase, in the digestive organs. α-Glucosidase is the key enzyme catalyzing the final step in the digestive process of carbohydrates. Hence, α-glucosidase inhibitors can retard the liberation of d-glucose from dietary complex carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption, resulting in reduced postprandial plasma glucose levels and suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia. In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify effective α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources in order to develop a physiologic functional food or lead compounds for use against diabetes. Many α-glucosidase inhibitors that are phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids,anthocyanins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and so on, have been isolated from plants. In the present review, we focus on the constituents isolated from different plants having α-glucosidase inhibitory potency along with IC50 values.
EVALUATION OF SELECTED MEDICINAL HERBS FOR ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY VIA ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION
Literature and native therapies have cited bitter melon, dandelion, blueberry, and roselle, as hypoglycemic agents, however, the exact mechanisms of action are unknown. It was hypothesized that, these agents could induce hypoglycemia, through the mechanism of α-glucosidase inhibition. The aim of the present study was, to examine inhibition of alpha-glucosidase as one of the possible mechanisms of action, of bitter melon (Mormodicacharantia), dandelion (Taraxacumofficinale), blueberry (Vacciniumcorybosum), and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa). Each of these agents has been used in the treatment of diabetes in, different parts of the world. The study was done in vitro, using α-glucosidase, obtained from Bacillus. The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of alcoholic extracts of the plants, on α-glucosidase was studied. The extracts of the plant showed inhibitory activities, against α-glucosidase, with IC50 values in a dose dependent manner. The result demonstrated that, bitter melon, roselle, dandelion, and blueberry share similar mechanism of action with Acarbose, which is being used as an antidiabetic agent.
DM mellitus has become a worldwide disease. Some local TMPs in Zimbabwe are reported to have hypoglycaemic effects on blood glucose and are used as herbal medicines to treat diabetes. A. stenophylla aqueous root extracts were freeze dried and examined for inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase on KAT reagents in the presence of sucrose and maltose substrates using acarbose as positive control. The IC50 values for the plant extract and acarbose for α-glucosidase in the presence of the sucrose were 0.123 ± 0.009 mg/ml and 0.101± 0.0176 mg/ml respectively. The IC50 values in the presence of maltose were 0.500 ± 0.128 mg/ml and 0.117 ± 0.0563 mg/ml respectively. The plant extract and acarbose showed IC50 values against amylase of 1.26 ± 0.903 mg/ml and 1.199 ± 0.0651 mg/ml respectively. The plant extract displayed mixed type inhibition kinetics for α-glucosidase with sucrose reducing Vmax value of the enzyme from 0.214 to 0.0608 mmoles. min –1 whilst increasing Km from 0.0124 to 0.05...
α-glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes
Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2011
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease characterized by abnormally high plasma glucose levels, leading to major complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. One of the effective managements of diabetes mellitus, in particular, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia, is to retard the absorption of glucose by inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase, in the digestive organs. α-Glucosidase is the key enzyme catalyzing the final step in the digestive process of carbohydrates. Hence, α-glucosidase inhibitors can retard the liberation of d-glucose from dietary complex carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption, resulting in reduced postprandial plasma glucose levels and suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia. In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify effective α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources in order to develop a physiologic functional food or lead compounds for use against diabetes. Many α-glucosidase inhibitors that are phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids,anthocyanins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and so on, have been isolated from plants. In the present review, we focus on the constituents isolated from different plants having α-glucosidase inhibitory potency along with IC50 values.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent chronic disease in Egypt leading to high socioeconomic problems, especially in the cities due to the unhealthy life style. Although many drugs are available, they have many side effects. Furthermore, the body arouses resistance after a while for the drug so it should be changed every once in a while. Plants could be a good source for drugs. In Egypt, we have a rich flora which has not been subjected to systematic screening for antidiabetic activity.Methods: The aim of this work was to screen 264 plant extracts for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Those extracts which gave more than 70% inhibition were screened on different concentrations and their inhibitory concentrations giving 50% activity (IC50) were calculated.Results: Out of all the tested extracts, 63 gave more than or equal 70% inhibition on α-glucosidase at the tested concentration (25 ppm). After the calculation of the IC50 values, 10 extracts were chosen ...
2015
DM mellitus has become a worldwide disease. Some local TMPs in Zimbabwe are reported to have hypoglycaemic effects on blood glucose and are used as herbal medicines to treat diabetes. A. stenophylla aqueous root extracts were freeze dried and examined for inhibition of α-glucosidase and αamylase on KAT reagents in the presence of sucrose and maltose substrates using acarbose as positive control. The IC50 values for the plant extract and acarbose for α-glucosidase in the presence of the sucrose were 0.123 ± 0.009 mg/ml and 0.101± 0.0176 mg/ml respectively. The IC50 values in the presence of maltose were 0.500 ± 0.128 mg/ml and 0.117 ± 0.0563 mg/ml respectively. The plant extract and acarbose showed IC50 values against amylase of 1.26 ± 0.903 mg/ml and 1.199 ± 0.0651 mg/ml respectively. The plant extract displayed mixed type inhibition kinetics for α-glucosidase with sucrose reducing Vmax value of the enzyme from 0.214 to 0.0608 mmoles. min –1 whilst increasing Km from 0.0124 to 0.058...
Context: Glucosidases are a group of enzymes playing crucial roles in digestion of carbohydrates. Glucosidase inhibitors can reduce carbohydrate digestion rate and have the potential to prevent development of type 2 diabetes. The Labiatae is one of the largest plant families grown globally and many studies that have isolated new pharmaceutical compounds. In folk medicine, some of Labiatae plants such as Zataria multiflora Boiss, Salvia mirzayanii Rech. F. & Esfand, and Otostegia persica Boiss are consumed for the treatment of diabetes. Objectives: This study investigates the inhibitory effects of different fractions of three mentioned species extracts on a-glucosidase. Materials and methods: Ethanol extracts of these plants leaves were fractionated using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol solutions. The duration of this study was 12months. To measure enzyme inhibition, 5 lL of the enzyme, 20 lL of substrate and samples were used and for evaluation mode of inhibition, constant amounts of a-glucosidase were incubated with rising concentrations of substrate (PNPG). Results: The results revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Zataria multiflora (IC50 ¼0.35 ± 0.01mg/mL) and petroleum ether fraction of Salvia mirzayanii (IC50 ¼0.4 ± 0.11mg/mL) were the most potent inhibitors of a-glucosidase in comparison with the other samples and acarbose as the standard (IC50 ¼7 ± 0.19 mg/ mL). All of the samples exhibited noncompetitive-uncompetitive inhibition. Discussion and conclusion: It can be inferred from this study that a-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the studied extracts may be a marker of antidiabetic potential of these extracts.