Comparative Study on Effect of <i>Chrysophyllum albidum</i> and <i>Irvingia gabonensis</i> Leaves Extracts on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Wistar Rats (original) (raw)
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Bulletin of the National Research Centre
Background High-fat diet (HFD) has been linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that medicinal plants have antioxidant properties and may have protective effects against oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia induced by high-fat diet. Chrysophyllum albidum (white star apple) and Irvingia gabonensis (African bush mango) are very useful medicinal plants common in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study was aimed at investigating the protective effect of methanol leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis against dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in Wistar rats promoted by the consumption of HFD as well as characterize active compounds in the extracts. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were assigned into six groups of six animals each and respective groups received normal fat diet (NFD), HFD, HFD + Chrysophyllum albidum (250 mg/kg/ 500 mg/kg), HFD + Irvingia gabonensis (250 mg/kg/ 500 mg/kg) for...
Background: Previous work reported the benefits of extracts of 2 Cameroonian spices – Irvingia gabonensis and Dichrostachys glomerata— on obese people with metabolic syndrome. Considering the physio-metabolic changes that accompany obesity, the present study investigates the effects of these extracts on healthy overweight participants over an 8-week test period. Methods: The study was an 8 week randomized double-blind, placebo controlled design involving 48 overweight (BMI 26 – 30) participants (27 females and 19 males), divided into 3 groups – placebo, 300 mg I. gabonensis extract (IGOB131), or 300 mg D. glomerata extract (DyglomeraTM). Capsules containing the placebo or the test formulations were administered once daily before the main meal of the day. No major dietary changes or changes in physical activity were demonstrated during the study. Weight and blood lipid parameters were measured at baseline, and at the 4 and 8 weeks interval. Results: Compared to the placebo group, there were significant (p<0.05) reductions in weight of participants in both test groups over the 8 week period. However, these significant changes were not observed in the initial 4 weeks, even though the lipid parameters in the test groups changed significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: The extracts of Irvingia gabonensis and Dichrostachys glomerata, at a dose of 300 mg per day, were effective in reducing weight and positively modifying lipid parameters in healthy overweight participants.
Lipids Health Dis, 2005
Dietary fibres are frequently used for the treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Irvingia gabonensis seeds in the management of obesity. This was carried out as a double blind randomised study involving 40 subjects (mean age 42.4 years). Twenty-eight subjects received Irvingia gabonensis (IG) (1.05 g three time a day for one month) while 12 were on placebo (P) and the same schedule. During the one-month study period all subjects were on a normocaloric diet evaluated every week by a dietetic record book. At the end, the mean body weight of the IG group was decreased by 5.26 ± 2.37% (p < 0.0001) and that of the placebo group by 1.32 ± 0.41% (p < 0.02). The difference observed between the IG and the placebo groups was significant (p < 0.01). The obese patients under Irvingia gabonensis treatment also had a significant decrease of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and an increase of HDL-cholesterol. On the other hand, the placebo group did not manifest any changes in blood lipid components. Irvingia gabonensis seed may find application in weight lose.
Research Journal of Health Sciences, 2019
The study was designed to investigate the effects of Irvingia gabonensis ethanolic extract (IGE) on the liver and lipid profile of progesterone induced obesity in female swiss mice. Methods: Fifteen female mice weighing between 20-25g were randomly divided into three groups with each group comprising of five mice. Obesity was induced by giving the test animals progesterone (10ml/kgbw) subcutaneously at the dorsal neck region. The groups were divided as Group A-obesity controlled + diluent (10 ml/kgbw), B-obese induced +Low dose IGE (5ml/kg bw) and C-obesity induced + high dose IGE (10 ml/kg bw). After 14 days of treatments, blood samples were collected centrifuged and lipid profile levels Cholesterol, HDL, LDL and Triglyceride concentrations were estimated in the serum. The liver, peri-ovarian fat, ovary and uterus were removed from each of the mice and weighed with a sensitive balance and liver prepared for histological examinations and evaluation. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of glycosides. Obesity induction caused some fatty changes in the liver hepatocytes and the IGE treatment caused reduction of the fat globules around the hepatocyte with focal necrosis. The cholesterol and triglyceride level was higher in the low dose IGE treated but does not differ significantly from the high dose IGE treated and control (P<0.05). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Irvingia gabonensis at doses studied caused a reduction in the body weight in mice which is very obvious at the low dose, while the lipid profile and the blood parameters were not affected. Hence, it may be a safe herb at doses considered. The extracts caused a significant change in the liver histology which was evident by reduction of fat globules and focal necrosis, swelling of cells.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2016
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Due to the rise in obesity, the necessity for resources and treatments that could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated to this pandemia has emerged. The development of new anti-obesity drugs through herbal sources has been increasing in the past decades which are being used not only as medicine but also as food supplements. Previous studies with the aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco L (AECI) have demonstrated activity on lowering blood glucose levels and body weight. Aim of the study: Investigate C. icaco effects in overall adiposity and glycemic homeostasis. Material and methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to standard chow (SC) or high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with AECI in 0.35 mg/mL or 0.7 mg/mL concentrations ad libitum. Food intake, feed efficiency, metabolic efficiency, body, fat pads and gastrocnemius weight, adiposity index, serum lipids, fecal lipid excretion, locomotor activity in the open field test and insulin and glucose tolerance tests were analyzed and compared. The major components of the extract were demonstrated through HPLC and its antioxidant activity analyzed through DPPH and lipid peroxidation. Results: The AECI in the 0.35 mg/mL concentration didn't affect food intake or body weight. However, it promoted lower adipose tissue gain, TG levels, and fecal lipid excretion, increased locomotor activity and lean mass weight, and normalized insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Moreover, AECI showed the presence of myricetin 3-O-glucuronide, rutin, quercitrin and myricitrin and demonstrated high antioxidant activity. Conclusions: AECI in lower concentrations can prevent fat storage or enhance fat utilization through the increase of locomotor activity. Also, this reinforces its ability to maintain glucose homeostasis through the normalization of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance despite the high fat diet intake. These activities could be associated to the extract's polyphenol content.
Chrysanthemum�indicum L. ethanol extract reduces high‑fat diet‑induced obesity in mice
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2018
The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism behind the anti-obesity effect of the 50% ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum indicum L. flowers (CIEE) in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice (six mice in each group) were administered CIEE (8, 40 and 200 mg/kg) for 6 weeks while being fed with a HFD. Garcinia cambogia (GC) was used as the positive control and was administered in the same manner as CIEE. Results demonstrated that oral administration of CIEE significantly reduced body weight, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), liver weight and serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride (P<0.05). In addition, CIEE reduced serum leptin and increased adiponectin levels. CIEE significantly downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α and fatty acid synthase expression levels in EWAT, and upregulated the protein expression of PPARα in liver tissue of HFD-fed obese mice (P<0.05). These results suggested that Chrysanthemum indicum L. flowers may be a potentially effective therapeutic agent for obesity and its associated complications.
Botanicals as Medicinal Food and Their Effects against Obesity
Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine, 2015
The most common expression of phenolic compounds is flavonoids abundantly present in plants, fruits, seeds, and vegetables. Flavonoids have the basic chemical structure of diphenylpropanes (C 6 eC 3 eC 6 ), and most often aglycones e.g., quercetin (3) or kaempferol (4), moieties are found attached to sugars (glycosides).
Beneficial Effects of Medicinal Plants Used For the Management of Obesity-A Review
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.9\_Issue.12\_Dec2019/IJHSR\_Abstract.026.html, 2019
Prevalence of obesity has been increased worldwide over the most recent three years. Lack of physical activity and dietary intake are the major factors contributing obesity. The weight gain and energy imbalance are influenced by many factors such as hormone balance, age, sex and lifestyle modification. High calorie intake than required are deposited as a fat in our body it leads to weight gain. Many drugs designed to treat obesity such as orlistat, sibutramine and metformin but these drugs cause so many side effects. There is a need for the alternative therapy due to side effects of these synthetic drugs. The present study was designed how the medicinal plants used to treat obesity with least side effects. Herbal remedies such as citrus paradisi, Glycyyrhiza glabra, Alternanthera sessilis, Benicasa hispida, punica grantum Solanum melongena, cinnamaldehyde, Tamarindus indica, Piper nigram, Allium sativus, which contain many bioactive compounds such as Naringin, Chlorogenic acid, Gallic acid that plays crucial role in treatment of obesity without side effects.
Plants with Potential Use on Obesity and Its Complications
EXCLI Journal
Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease and a growing public health problem worldwide. This disease is a causal component of the metabolic syndrome related with abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, among others. There are anti-obesity drugs, affecting the fundamental processes of the weight regulation; however they have shown serious side effects, which outweigh their beneficial effects. Most recent studies on the treatment of obesity and its complications have focused on the potential role of different plants preparation that can exert a positive effect on the mechanisms involved in this pathology. For instance, anti-obesity effects of green tea and its isolated active principles have been reported in both in vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (animal models) that possess healthy effects, decreasing adipose tissue through reduction of adipocytes differentiation and proliferation. A positive effect in lipid profile, and lipid and carbohydrates metabolisms were demonstrated as well. In addition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were studied. However, the consumption of green tea and its products is not that common in Western countries, where other plants with similar bioactivity predominate; nevertheless, the effect extension has not been analyzed in depth, despite of their potential as alternative treatment for obesity. In this review the anti-obesity potential and reported mechanisms of action of diverse plants such as: Camellia sinensis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Hypericum perforatum, Persea americana, Phaseolus vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ilex paraguariensis, Citrus paradisi, Citrus limon, Punica granatum, Aloe vera, Taraxacum officinale and Arachis hypogaea is summarized. We consider the potential of these plants as natural alternative treatments of some metabolic alterations associated with obesity.
In Vitro Anti-obesity, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Studies on the Selected Medicinal Plants
Obesity is a significant risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and diabetes and it is also associated with many other medical conditions including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, sleep apnea, and depression. The inhibition of dietary fat absorption is a logical target for managing obesity and pancreatic lipase is a key enzyme involved in triglyceride absorption in the small intestine. Inhibitors of intestine lipases are suggested to function as antiobesity agents. Recently, studies have been intensified for new lipase inhibitors in natural resources with minimal adverse effect. In this view, attempts are made in the present study to evaluate antiobesity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of four medicinal plants namely Acorus calamus, Alpinia galanga, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Piper cubeba. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that total phenol content was more in Piper cubeba, lipase inhibitory activity was high in Acorus calamus, DPPH radical scavenging activity was more in Cinnamomum zeylanicum, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and stabilization of RBC membrane was maximum for the extract of Alpinia galanga. Hence, preparation of herbal formulation using the investigated plant drugs will leads to the development of effective anti-obese drug.