CHIPPED STONE ASSEMBLAGE FROM PIANU DE JOS PODEI (original) (raw)
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Keywords: sourcing obsidian artifacts by X-ray fluorescence, central western Romania, neolithic and early eneolithic (Abstract) Compositional analysis conducted using the latest equipment, provided new data and clarifications regarding the exploitation of sources of obsidian and the distribution of material from different sources used by Neolithic and Eneolithic communities in central and western Romania. Our current results suggest a more complicated and evolving set of trade relationships, with obsidian from at least three sources (Mad-Kakaseghy, Tolcsva and Vinicky-Cejkov) represented, which come from the sites at Foeni (Sălaş and the Orthodox Cemetery), Uivar-Gomilă, Caransebeş-Balta Sărată, from Banat, Alba Iulia-Lumea Nouă from central Transylvania and Zăuan, Suplacu de Bărcău/Porţ-Corău and Pericei-Keller Tag from northwestern Romania. The analysis proved that at the beginning of the early Neolithic in Banat (the Foeni-Sălaş site), the raw materials from which the tools were made of came from Mad-Kakaseghy, and at the end of this period, in phase IVA of the Starcevo-Criş culture of Transylvania (in the Zăuan and Porţ-Corău sites) the obsidian came only from Vinicky-Cejkov sources. During the Middle Neolithic in Banat (Vinca B site of Caransebeş-Balta Sărată) and Transylvania (Vinca B site of Alba Iulia-Lumea Nouă and Pişcolt II site of Porţ-Corău) all of the raw material came from Vinicky-Cejkov. This source will be exclusively exploited by all the late Neolithic communities (site Pişcolt II of Porţ-Corău and Suplac III of Porţ-Corău and Pericei-Keller tag) and early Eneolithic (Foeni II/Foeni-Petreşti cultural group II of Alba Iulia-Lumea Nouă) from Transylvania. During the late Neolithic in Banat, Vinca C culture , the majority of the raw material came from Vinicky-Cejkov, but at the Vinca C site of Uivar-Gomilă, Tolcsva obsidian was found as well. This situation is also maintained during the early Enoeolithic, as two samples analyzed from the Foeni – Cimitirul Ortodox site came from Tolcsva, and another sample, published in the previous year (Glascock et al 2015, 47–49), came from Vinicky-Cejkov.
ASSOURCING OBSIDIAN FROM PREHISTORIC SITES IN NORTHWEST ROMANIA
Portable X‐ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (pXRF) was used to reveal the chemical signatures of 75 obsidian artefacts from seven sites in the Satu Mare region, ranging in age from Early Neolithic (late Starčevo‐Criș culture) to Late Copper Age. The results reveal the origin of the obsidian to be the Carpathian 1 source area in eastern Slovakia, reinforcing the pattern documented elsewhere in Romania and in northern Bulgaria which indicates a clear preference for Carpathian 1 obsidian throughout the period from the later stages of the Early Neolithic to the Bronze Age.
Sourcing obsidian artefacts from Early Neolithic sites in South-Central Romania
Materiale şi cercetãri arheologice (Serie nouã), 2019
Portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF) was used to reveal the chemical signatures of 60 obsidian artefacts from two Early Neolithic sites in the Muntenia region of southern Romania-Uliești in Dâmbovița County and Măgura-Buduiasca in Teleorman County. The results show that the Starčevo-Criș communities at both sites used obsidian that originated from geological sources in the Carpathians. Obsidian from the C1 and C2 source areas occurs at Măgura, while only C1 obsidian has been documented in the much smaller assemblage from Uliești. We consider the implications of these results for obsidian procurement patterns documented among the earliest farmers of the northern Balkans. Cuvinte-cheie: pXRF, surse de obsidian, neolitic, Starčevo-Criș, sud-centrul României Rezumat: Spectrometrul portabil cu raze X (pXRF) a fost utilizat pentru a determina semnătura chimică a 60 de piese din obsidian provenind din două situri neolitice timpurii din Muntenia, sudul României: Uliești din județul Dâmbovița și Măgura-Buduiasca din județul Teleorman. Conform rezultatelor obținute, comunitățile Starčevo-Criș din ambele localități au folosit obsidian care provenea din surse geologice carpatice. Obsidianul din zonele sursă C1 și C2 apare la Măgura, în timp ce numai obsidianul de tip C1 a fost documentat în ansamblul litic mult mai redus de la Uliești. Sunt discutate apoi implicațiile acestor rezultate pentru modelele de obținere a obsidianului de către comunitățile neolitice timpurii din zona nord-balcanică.
Sourcing obsidian from prehistoric sites in northwest Romania [2018]
Material și Cercetări Arheologice (serie nouă), 2018
Portable X‐ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (pXRF) was used to reveal the chemical signatures of 75 obsidian artefacts from seven sites in the Satu Mare region, ranging in age from Early Neolithic (late Starčevo‐Criș culture) to Late Copper Age. The results reveal the origin of the obsidian to be the Carpathian 1 source area in eastern Slovakia, reinforcing the pattern documented elsewhere in Romania and in northern Bulgaria which indicates a clear preference for Carpathian 1 obsidian throughout the period from the later stages of the Early Neolithic to the Bronze Age.
Ephemeris Napocensis, 2017
The new data add to our previous knowledge regarding the sources of obsidian in Banat and Transylvania. If in Transylvania, with the exception of the initial period of the Neolithic, when obsidian comes only from the Mad Kakashegy source, all obsidian tools in the Neolithic, Eneolithic and Bronze Age cultures were made with obsidian from the Eastern Slovak source of Cejkov-Vinicky. A somewhat similar situation was also observed in Banat where the Eastern Slovak source is predominant in all the investigated cultures.