The preparation of syllables in speech production (original) (raw)
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Single word production in English: The role of subsyllabic units during speech production
2000
Five experiments investigated the role of sublexical units in English single word production. L. Ferrand, J. Segui, and G. W. Humphreys (1997) reported a priming effect that was most effective when primes and targets shared the first syllable. Experiments 1A and 1B failed to replicate this effect but Experiment 1B showed that subsyllabic units play a role in speech production. This role was further explored using a picture naming task in Experiment 2. Naming latencies were shortest when the segmental overlap between prime and target (the picture name) was largest, regardless of the syllable structure of the target. Experiments 3 and 4 replicated this segmental overlap effect with different sets of words as targets. Experiment 5 showed that the magnitude of the overlap effect increased with longer prime exposure duration. The implications of these results for theories of phonological encoding in speech production are discussed.
2011
A psycholinguistic model of speech production 7 The role of the syllable in speech production 3 References 8 CHAPTER 2 A comparison of lexeme and speech syllables in Dutch 11 Abstract 7 7 Introduction 12 The syllable in Dutch 16 The Dutch syllable inventory in CELEX 18 Phonetic transcription 18 Application of phonological rules 19 Preparation of the corpus 21 Phonemic transcription 22 Application of phonological rules 23 Syllabification 25 Evaluation of the lexeme syllables from TROUW 26 Speech syllables in TROUW 33 Application of sentence-level rules 33 Comparison of lexeme and speech syllables 36 Conclusions 42 References 44 CHAPTER 3 The syllabic structure of spoken words: Evidence from the syllabification of intervocalic consonants 51 Abstract 51 Introduction 52 Experimental investigation of syllable structure 53 Method 59 Experiment 1 : Syllabification of syllables with short vs. long vowels 61 Method 61 Results and discussion 62 Experiment 2: Orthographic effects on syllabification 65 Method 65 Results and discussion 66 Experiment 3a: Vowel quality effects in words 68 Method 68 Results and discussion 69 Experiment 3b: Vowel quality effects in pseudowords 70 Method 70 Results and discussion 71 Experiment 4: Syllabification of schwa syllables 72 Method 73 Results and discussion 74 Experiment 5: Item set effects on syllabification 75 Method 76 Results and discussion 76 Experiment 6: Task-specific effects on syllabification 78 Method 79 Results and discussion 79 General discussion 80 References 87 Appendices 93 CHAPTER 4 The effect of visually masked syllable primes on the naming latencies of words and pictures
Single word production in English: The role of subsyllabic units during phonological encoding.
… of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and …, 2000
Five experiments investigated the role of sublexical units in English single word production. L. Ferrand, J. Segui, and G. W. Humphreys (1997) reported a priming effect that was most effective when primes and targets shared the first syllable. Experiments 1A and 1B failed to replicate this effect but Experiment 1B showed that subsyllabic units play a role in speech production. This role was further explored using a picture naming task in Experiment 2. Naming latencies were shortest when the segmental overlap between prime and target (the picture name) was largest, regardless of the syllable structure of the target. Experiments 3 and 4 replicated this segmental overlap effect with different sets of words as targets. Experiment 5 showed that the magnitude of the overlap effect increased with longer prime exposure duration. The implications of these results for theories of phonological encoding in speech production are discussed.
Effects of syllable frequency in speech production
Cognition, 2006
In the speech production model proposed by . A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, pp. 1-75.], syllables play a crucial role at the interface of phonological and phonetic encoding. At this interface, abstract phonological syllables are translated into phonetic syllables. It is assumed that this translation process is mediated by a so-called Mental Syllabary. Rather than constructing the motor programs for each syllable on-line, the mental syllabary is hypothesized to provide pre-compiled gestural scores for the articulators. In order to find evidence for such a repository, we investigated syllable-frequency effects: If the mental syllabary consists of retrievable representations corresponding to syllables, then the retrieval process should be sensitive to frequency differences. In a series of experiments using a symbol-position association learning task, we tested whether highfrequency syllables are retrieved and produced faster compared to low-frequency syllables. We found significant syllable frequency effects with monosyllabic pseudo-words and disyllabic pseudo-words in which the first syllable bore the frequency manipulation; no effect was found when the frequency manipulation was on the second syllable. The implications of these results for the theory of word form encoding at the interface of phonological and phonetic encoding; especially with respect to the access mechanisms to the mental syllabary in the speech production model by (Levelt et al.) are discussed. q
Phonological Encoding in Sentence Production
2012
Previous tests of the phonological competition model (Dell, 1986) have mostly investigated the effects of phonological overlap (e.g. pick-pin) in isolated word production (e.g. primed picture naming). This is problematic since recent findings suggest that the effect of phonological overlap depends on the syntactic category of the phonologically related words, and few previous studies investigate phonological planning in the context of grammatical strings. We introduce a novel paradigm to examine two predictions of the so called parallel-then-sequential competition model (O‟Seaghdha and Marin, 2000) against data from the distribution of disfluencies in sentence production. We also extend previous work by comparing different forms of phonological overlap (identity vs. similarity) in both word onsets and rhymes.
We investigate phonological encoding during unscripted sentence production, focusing on the effect of phonological overlap on phonological encoding. Previous work on this question has almost exclusively employed isolated word production or highly scripted multi-word production. These studies have led to conflicting results: some studies found that phonological overlap between two words facilitates phonological encoding, while others found inhibitory effects. One worry with many of these paradigms is that they involve processes that are not typical to everyday language use, which calls into question to what extent their findings speak to the architectures and mechanisms underlying language production. We present a paradigm to investigate the consequences of phonological overlap between words in a sentence while leaving speakers much of the lexical and structural choices typical in everyday language use. Adult native speakers of English described events in short video clips. We annotated the presence of disfluencies and the speech rate at various points throughout the sentence, as well as the constituent order. We find that phonological overlap has an inhibitory effect on phonological encoding. Specifically, if adjacent content words share their phonological onset (e.g., hand the hammer), they are preceded by production difficulty, as reflected in fluency and speech rate. We also find that this production difficulty affects speakers’ constituent order preferences during grammatical encoding. We discuss our results and previous works to isolate the properties of other paradigms that resulted in facilitatory or inhibitory results. The data from our paradigm also speak to questions about the scope of phonological planning in unscripted speech and as to whether phonological and grammatical encoding interact.
Metrical priming in speech production
… MJ, Recasens, D., Romero, J.(eds …, 2003
In this paper we report on four experiments in which we attempted to prime the stress position of Dutch bisyllabic target nouns. These nouns, picture names, had stress on either the first or the second syllable. Auditory prime words had either the same stress as the target or a different stress (e.g., WORtel -MOtor vs. koSTUUM -MOtor; capital letters indicate stressed syllables in prime -target pairs). Furthermore, half of the prime words were semantically related, the other half were unrelated.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2018
Speech production studies have shown that phonological unit initially used to fill the metrical frame during phonological encoding is language specific, that is, a phoneme for English and Dutch, an atonal syllable for Mandarin Chinese, and a mora for Japanese. However, only a few studies chronometrically investigated speech production in Korean, and they obtained mixed results. Korean is particularly interesting as there might be both phonemic and syllabic influences during phonological encoding. The purpose of this study is to further examine the initial phonological preparation unit in Korean, employing a masked priming task (Experiment 1) and a phonological Stroop task (Experiment 2). The results showed that significant onset (and onset-plus, that is, consonant–vowel [CV]) effects were found in both experiments, but there was no compelling evidence for a prominent role for the syllable. When the prime words were presented in three different forms related to the targets, namely, w...
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2013
Previous word production research employing the implicit-priming paradigm has shown that speakers can benefit from advance knowledge of the initial word form of the word to be produced. In Dutch and English, a single onset segment is sufficient to produce the benefit, but a complete syllable (without the tone) is required in Mandarin Chinese. These findings have been interpreted as suggesting language-dependent proximate units for word-form encoding, which are intrinsic to a language-specific system. Nonetheless, the absence of a segment effect in Mandarin Chinese might have to do with the orthographic characteristics of the prompts, which are syllable-based and could have motivated the production system to place more emphasis on the syllable than on the segment. Two experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, we employed the implicitpriming paradigm with both spoken and written prompts, and in Experiment 2 we adopted a picture version of this paradigm. Spoken prompts are less likely to encourage an orthographically induced syllable bias, and picture naming involves no prompts, leaving no room for any syllable bias that prompts might induce. The results from both experiments showed syllable preparation effects but no segment preparation effects, regardless of whether prompts were written, spoken, or absent. These findings suggest that the syllable as the proximate unit in Mandarin Chinese word production is an intrinsic, and not an accidental or task-dependent, property of the production system.