Photopolymerization and photostructuring of molecularly imprinted polymers for sensor applications—A review (original) (raw)
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Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry
With the help of molecular imprinting technology, artificial receptors can be made and used for identification. This technique's limitless application increases polymer technology and makes it adaptable to other technologies. In this study, examples of sensor applications are used to explain molecular imprinting technology (MIT) and its brief history. MIT can be used to create polymer-based artificial receptors with remarkable selectivity and affinity to detect any target molecules that can be imprinted on a polymer. A monomer is synthesized around a template molecule to create a selective cavity that serves as an artificial receptor. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) offer a wide range of uses and have recently garnered much attention. These polymers' production methods, production kinds, and molecular imprinting techniques are all thoroughly detailed. The outstanding properties of MIPs make a crucial contribution to sensor applications offering selective, fast, easy, an...
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Selective Recognition Elements in Optical Sensing
Current Analytical Chemistry, 2008
Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) are molecular recognition elements that can be tailored towards a wide variety of target molecules. These human-made materials are relatively easy to prepare and have found a broad application as substitutes of antibodies or enzymes. They have been successfully applied to the development of chromatographic or solid phase extraction methods and have attracted a great interest for the development of electrochemical, piezoelectrical or optical sensors. In parallel with the classification of biosensors, MIP-based devices can work according to two different detection schemes: affinity sensors ("plastic-bodies") and catalytic sensors ("plastic-enzymes"). These devices can be interrogated using different optical techniques, such as fluorescence, light absorption (UV-Vis, Infrared) spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, surface plasmon resonance, or Raman scattering. This paper reviews the main developments and applications of MIPs in the area of optical sensors with special emphasis on their analytical applications.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Present and Future Prospective
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2011
Molecular Imprinting Technology (MIT) is a technique to design artificial receptors with a predetermined selectivity and specificity for a given analyte, which can be used as ideal materials in various application fields. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), the polymeric matrices obtained using the imprinting technology, are robust molecular recognition elements able to mimic natural recognition entities, such as antibodies and biological receptors, useful to separate and analyze complicated samples such as biological fluids and environmental samples. The scope of this review is to provide a general overview on MIPs field discussing first general aspects in MIP preparation and then dealing with various application aspects. This review aims to outline the molecularly imprinted process and present a summary of principal application fields of molecularly imprinted polymers, focusing on chemical sensing, separation science, drug delivery and catalysis. Some significant aspects about preparation and application of the molecular imprinting polymers with examples taken from the recent literature will be discussed. Theoretical and experimental parameters for MIPs design in terms of the interaction between template and polymer functionalities will be considered and synthesis methods for the improvement of MIP recognition properties will also be presented.
Electrochimica Acta, 2012
A novel strategy is described for the preparation of sensitive molecularly imprinted (MIPs) sensing layers based on the combination of diazonium salts as photoinitiators and graft photopolymerization on gold electrode. The MIPs were synthesized using methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker in co-polymerization process, and dopamine (DA) as a template. The gold-grafted MIP (Au-MIP) electrodes were found to be specific and selective toward dopamine with a detection limit of 0.9 nmol L −1 as determined by square wave voltammetry (SWV). Selectivity was interrogated with l-DOPA which gave a flat response of Au-MIP. In the case of DA and ascorbic acid (AA) mixture (0.1/0.8 mmol L −1 ), the electrochemical detection gave an oxidation peak of same shape and quasi the same intensity for pure DA and DA/AA mixtures, therefore confirming the high selectivity of the MIP grafts. The same strategy can be extended to a broad range of templates, monomers and surfaces.
Application of molecularly imprinted polymers in sensors for the environment and biotechnology
Sensor Review, 2001
Molecular imprinting is a generic technology, which introduces recognition properties into synthetic polymers using appropriate templates. Over the last two decades molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have become a focus of interest for scientists engaged in the development of biological and chemical sensors. This is due to the many and considerable advantages they possess in comparison to natural receptors, enzymes and antibodies such as superior stability, low cost and ease of preparation. This brief review covers recent achievements and potential applications of imprinted sensors with specific reference to the environment and biotechnology.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Chemical Sensing: A Tutorial Review
Chemosensors
The field of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based chemosensors has been experiencing constant growth for several decades. Since the beginning, their continuous development has been driven by the need for simple devices with optimum selectivity for the detection of various compounds in fields such as medical diagnosis, environmental and industrial monitoring, food and toxicological analysis, and, more recently, the detection of traces of explosives or their precursors. This review presents an overview of the main research efforts made so far for the development of MIP-based chemosensors, critically discusses the pros and cons, and gives perspectives for further developments in this field.
Sensors
The accurate detection of biological materials has remained at the forefront of scientific research for decades. This includes the detection of molecules, proteins, and bacteria. Biomimetic sensors look to replicate the sensitive and selective mechanisms that are found in biological systems and incorporate these properties into functional sensing platforms. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors that can form high affinity binding sites complementary to the specific analyte of interest. They utilise the shape, size, and functionality to produce sensitive and selective recognition of target analytes. One route of synthesizing MIPs is through electropolymerization, utilising predominantly constant potential methods or cyclic voltammetry. This methodology allows for the formation of a polymer directly onto the surface of a transducer. The thickness, morphology, and topography of the films can be manipulated specifically for each template. Recently, numerous revie...
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Hybrid Materials for the Development of Optical Sensors
Polymers, 2019
We report on the development of new optical sensors using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) combined with different materials and explore the novel strategies followed in order to overcome some of the limitations found during the last decade in terms of performance. This review pretends to offer a general overview, mainly focused on the last 3 years, on how the new fabrication procedures enable the synthesis of hybrid materials enhancing not only the recognition ability of the polymer but the optical signal. Introduction describes MIPs as biomimetic recognition elements, their properties and applications, emphasizing on each step of the fabrication/recognition procedure. The state of the art is presented and the change in the publication trend between electrochemical and optical sensor devices is thoroughly discussed according to the new fabrication and micro/nano-structuring techniques paving the way for a new generation of MIP-based optical sensors. We want to offer the reader...
Electrochemically Deposited Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors
Sensors, 2022
This review is dedicated to the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the application of MIPs in sensor design. MIP-based biological recognition parts can replace receptors or antibodies, which are rather expensive. Conducting polymers show unique properties that are applicable in sensor design. Therefore, MIP-based conducting polymers, including polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline and ortho-phenylenediamine are frequently applied in sensor design. Some other materials that can be molecularly imprinted are also overviewed in this review. Among many imprintable materials conducting polymer, polypyrrole is one of the most suitable for molecular imprinting of various targets ranging from small organics up to rather large proteins. Some attention in this review is dedicated to overview methods applied to design MIP-based sensing structures. Some attention is dedicated to the physicochemical methods applied for the transduction of ...