Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotubes Based Biosensors (original) (raw)

Carbon nanotube based biosensors

Carbon nanotube (CNT) based biosensors are recognized to be a next generation building block for ultra-sensitive and ultra-fast biosensing systems. This article provides an overview on the recent expansion of research in the field of CNT-based biosensors. We start by first introducing the material structures and properties of CNTs. The basic and some new developed synthetic methods of CNTs are presented. This is followed by a collection of working principle and performance of different CNT-based biosensors. The roles and the processing methods of functionalized CNTs are summarized. After that, some of the practical applications and concerns in the field are addressed. What is more, the scientific and technological challenges in the field are discussed at the end of this review.

Progress in Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Biosensors – A Review

2019

The use of carbon nanotubes (CNT) for fabrication of sensors and biosensors has increased considerably over the past decade. This review covers the progress and advances made during the years (2014-2018) in the utilisation of carbon nanotubes for fabrication of electrochemical biosensors. The focus of the review is on reported CNT-based biosensors for detection of, important substances, such as glucose, H2O2, (DNA), ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, metal ions, and pesticides. The review starts by first discussing the structures and properties of CNTs, followed by discussion of some of the synthetic methods for CNTs preparation. The working principles and performances of CNT-based biosensors are then discussed. Considerations for future developments in CNT-based biosensors are also outlined.

Development of Immunosensors Using Carbon Nanotubes

Biotechnology Progress, 2008

With increasing reports on bioterrorism, avian flu, and other bio-threats, rapid and real time detection methods are highly warranted. Studies on developing highly sensitive immunosensors aiming at the early detection and clinical diagnoses of various diseases including cancer are undertaken all over the globe. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely discussed as materials with enormous potential for a wide range of in ViVo and in Vitro bioapplications, ranging from drug delivery to highly sensitive biosensors, owing to their superior electronic and mechanical properties along with nanoscale dimensions. Though a lot of attention has been drawn toward carbon nanotubes for the past 15 years in academia and to a certain extent in industry, CNTbased immunosensors and other applications are still in the nascent stage, and there are many challenges to be overcome for the successful commercialization of the concepts. This article highlights on the recent developments and the possible impacts of carbon nanotube based immunosensors. Contents Introduction 517 Integration of Molecular Recognition Functions into CNT for Immunosensing 518 Solubilization of CNTs by Surface Modification 518 Noncovalent Attachment of the Antibodies to the CNTs 519 Covalent Linkage of Antibodies to the CNTs 519 Methods To Prevent the Nonspecific Binding of Proteins to CNTs 520 Visualizing the Antibodies on the Surface of CNTs 520 Development of Immunosensors Using Functionalized CNT

Carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical biosensors

For rapid screening nano size biomolecules, a device must be designed in nano sizes, compact and ultrahigh sensitive. The most interesting function of the devices is to transduce the binding of biomolecules and devices into electrical signals for further analysis. Over the past few years, nanostructures have emerged as an excellent material to be applied in electrical biosensor. It is because nanostructure-based biosensors have improved much better in rapid detection, sensitivity and selectivity for biosensing compared to conventional biosensing technologies. Here, we highlight the latest developments of carbon nanotubesbiosensors for medical application and their performance for the detection of biomolecules.

Carbon Nanotube and Its Derived Nanomaterials Based High Performance Biosensing Platform

Biosensors

After the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of an accurate diagnosis and monitoring of diseases became a more important issue. In order to fabricate high-performance and sensitive biosensors, many researchers and scientists have used many kinds of nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal oxide NPs, quantum dots (QDs), and carbon nanomaterials including graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Among them, CNTs have been considered important biosensing channel candidates due to their excellent physical properties such as high electrical conductivity, strong mechanical properties, plasmonic properties, and so on. Thus, in this review, CNT-based biosensing systems are introduced and various sensing approaches such as electrochemical, optical, and electrical methods are reported. Moreover, such biosensing platforms showed excellent sensitivity and high selectivity against not only viruses but also virus DNA structures. So, based on the amazing potential of CNTs-based biosensi...

Nanotube electrodes and biosensors

Nano Today, 2007

Nanotube electrodes and biosensors This article reviews the state of the art in carbon nanotube electrode and biosensor research. Carbon nanotubes have unique mechanical, electrical, and geometrical properties that are ideal for developing different types of nanoscale electrodes and biosensors. Carbon nanotube synthesis and subsequent functionalization strategies to immobilize special biomolecules are discussed first. Then different types of carbon nanotube biosensors and electroanalytical methods are reviewed particularly considering their capabilities for low detection limits, pointof-care applications, and label-free use. Detection strategies for proteins and nucleic acids, as well as mammalian and bacterial cells are also outlined. We conclude with some speculations and predictions on future exciting and challenging directions for nanotube biosensor research and applications.

Carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for biomarkers

Applied Materials Today, 2017

This review is focused on the critical discussion about the most representative carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for the quantification of different biomarkers of clinical relevance reported in the period 2013-2017 (carcynoembryonic antigen, prostate specific antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, cytokines, cardiac biomarkers, insulin growth factor-1, ␤-galactoside-␣-2,6sialyltransferase, DNA sequences, microRNAs, and dopamine). We concentrated our attention on the molecules used as (bio)recognition elements, the approaches for immobilizing these (bio)recognition molecules at the electrode surfaces, the strategies to generate the analytical signal (label-free or labeled), the analytical performance of the resulting (bio)sensors, and the role of CNTs in these different aspects.

Review Carbon-Nanotube Based Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review

This review addresses recent advances in carbon-nanotubes (CNT) based electrochemical biosensors. The unique chemical and physical properties of CNT have paved the way to new and improved sensing devices, in general, and electrochemical biosensors, in particular. CNT-based electrochemical transducers offer substantial improvements in the performance of amperometric enzyme electrodes, immunosensors and nucleic-acid sensing devices. The greatly enhanced electrochemical reactivity of hydrogen peroxide and NADH at CNT-modified electrodes makes these nanomaterials extremely attractive for numerous oxidase-and dehydrogenase-based amperometric biosensors. Aligned CNT "forests" can act as molecular wires to allow efficient electron transfer between the underlying electrode and the redox centers of enzymes. Bioaffinity devices utilizing enzyme tags can greatly benefit from the enhanced response of the biocatalytic-reaction product at the CNT transducer and from CNT amplification platforms carrying multiple tags. Common designs of CNT-based biosensors are discussed, along with practical examples of such devices. The successful realization of CNT-based biosensors requires proper control of their chemical and physical properties, as well as their functionalization and surface immobilization.

Electrochemical Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes

Electroanalysis, 2002

This review focuses on recent contributions in the development of the electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs have unique mechanical and electronic properties, combined with chemical stability, and behave electrically as a metal or semiconductor, depending on their structure. For sensing applications, CNTs have many advantages such as small size with larger surface area, excellent electron transfer promoting ability when used as electrodes modifier in electrochemical reactions, and easy protein immobilization with retention of its activity for potential biosensors. CNTs play an important role in the performance of electrochemical biosensors, immunosensors, and DNA biosensors. Various methods have been developed for the design of sensors using CNTs in recent years. Herein we summarize the applications of CNTs in the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors along with other nanomaterials and conducting polymers.