Understanding the Influence of Oxidative Stress and Physical Exercise in the Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Uric Acid (original) (raw)
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Background: uric acid, a final metabolic product of purine breakdown, appears as an etiology in gout. Higher levels have also been associated with hypertension, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Few studies have been conducted, especially in India, to elucidate the relationship between uric acid and prehypertension. Objective: In this study, the relationship between serum uric acid levels and blood pressure in the normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive population was evaluated. Also, it should be checked whether there is an incremental increase in serum uric acid with an increase in blood pressure. Place and Duration: In the Medicine department of Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi for one year duration from March 2019 to February 2020. Material and methods: Two hundred OPD patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the study population. A venipuncture was measured to collect venous blood to measure the blood pressure of each participant and then serum uric acid. According to the classification of the National Joint Committee 7, the participants were divided into 4 groups such as Normal, Prehypertension, Hypertension -Stage 1, Hypertension Stage -2. The data were analyzed to determine and confirm serum uric acid levels from four categories. The relationship of uric acid with blood pressure. Results and conclusion: A gradual increase in serum uric acid levels was observed with an increase in blood pressure. A strong positive linear correlation was observed between serum uric acid levels and mean arterial pressure (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.74; p <0.0001). Uric acid was associated with blood pressure in the prehypertensive population (r = 0.442). Serum uric acid levels are associated with prehypertension and hypertension and are strong independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER AN EFFECT OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS IN HYPERTENSION
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, 2022
BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. Worldwide, raised blood pressure is estimated to cause 7.5 million deaths, about 12.8% of the total of all deaths. Elevated levels of serum uric acid are strongly associated with development and progression of hypertension and renal diseases, but whether uric acid plays a causal role or whether it simply acts as an indicator in patients at risk for these conditions remains controversial. Many authorities do not consider an increased uric acid to be a true risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, because patients with hyperuricemia mostly have other well established risk factors for cardiovascular conditions like hypertension, renal disease, obesity, dyslipidaemias, and insulin resistance. This study was aimed to evaluate the levels of uric acid in hypertensive cases and normotensive controls. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was conducted on 60 individuals in which 30 considered as case and they having hypertension apart from any other noncommunicable diseases. 30 healthy individuals also taken as controls. This study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. As we RESULTS: compared both of groups, we found a signicant corelation between the uric acid and hypertension. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS by using Karl's Pearson's correlation. Analysed levels are shows that as systolic and diastolic blood pressure so that suggestion for future CONCLUSION: references is to maintain the blood pressure according to the guidelines as well as maintain the food restrictions and give preferences to physical exercise.
Uric Acid and the Development of Hypertension: The Normative Aging Study
Hypertension, 2006
Experimental evidence supports a causative role for uric acid in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Prospective studies have variably adjusted for relevant confounders and have been of relatively limited duration. We prospectively examined the relationship between uric acid level and the development of hypertension in the Normative Aging Study, a longitudinal cohort of healthy adult men. Of the 2280 initial men in the Normative Aging Study, 2062 had available information for inclusion in the analysis. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the relationship between baseline serum uric acid level and the development of hypertension adjusting for age, body mass index, abdominal circumference, smoking, alcohol, plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and plasma glucose. A total of 892 men developed hypertension over a mean of 21.5 years of follow-up. Serum uric acid level independently predicted the development of hypertension in age-adjusted (relative risk [RR]: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.15: PϽ0.001) and multivariable (RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.10; Pϭ0.02) models. Among 1277 men at risk for the development of hypertension at the time of their first serum creatinine measurement, 508 (39.8%) developed hypertension over a mean of 10.3Ϯ5.5 years of follow-up. Additionally adjusting for calculated glomerular filtration rate in this subset, serum uric acid remained associated with the development of hypertension (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.12; Pϭ0.03). The baseline serum uric acid level is a durable marker of risk for the development of hypertension. The association is independent of elements of the metabolic syndrome, alcohol intake, and renal function. (Hypertension. 2006;48:1031-1036.)
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 2022
Hypertension(HTN) is the most common and significant cardiovascular disease because of its prevalence and severity of the damage to the mankind globally. Hyperuricemia, a condition of increased levels of Serum Uric acid (UA) has been proposed to have an association with hypertension in various studies. In certain studies, serum uric acid levels has been found to be an independent predictor for developing hypertension. On the basis of the above observations, we have proposed to the present study to compare the relationship between serum UA and hypertension in a single cohort with adjustment of all possible confounding factors.A total of 245 subjects were enrolled in this study during a regular routine health checkup. All subjects were informed about the study aims Individuals having a known history of gout and cardiac or severe renal diseases and patients who are already under medication for anti-hyperuricemic were excluded from the study. General information like Name, Age, Sex, Occ...
Study of Association of Serum Uric Acid Level with Severity of Essential Hypertension
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.9\_Issue.2\_Feb2022/IJRR-Abstract060.html, 2022
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease. Hyperuricemia is present in 25-50% of individuals with untreated primary hypertension, about 5 times the frequency found in normotensive persons. Raised serum uric acid concentrations in the blood are commonly encountered in essential hypertension. The hyperuricemia observed in untreated hypertension may reflect the decrease in renal blood flow and early hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Hence it is important to associate the serum uric acid level and the severity of hypertension and to find whether serum uric acid can be used as a useful tool to assess the severity of hypertension
Hypertension, 2000
The question of serum uric acid as an independent risk factor in subjects with essential hypertension remains controversial. For up to 12 years (mean, 4.0) we followed 1720 subjects with essential hypertension. At entry, all subjects were untreated and all were carefully screened for absence of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, cancer, and other important disease. Outcome measures included total cardiovascular events, fatal cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. During 6841 person-years of follow-up there were 184 cardiovascular events (42 fatal) and 80 deaths from all causes. In the 4 quartiles of serum uric acid (division points: 0.268, 0.309, and 0.369 mmol/L [4.5, 5.2, and 6.2 mg/dL] in men; 0.190, 0.232, and 0.274 mmol/L [3.2, 3.9, and 4.6 mg/dL] in women), the rate (per 100 person-years) of cardiovascular events was 2.51, 1.48, 2.66, and 4.27, that of fatal cardiovascular events was 0.41, 0.33, 0.38, and 1.23, and that of all-cause deaths was 1.01, 0.55, 0.93, and 2.01, respectively. The relation between uric acid and event rate was J-shaped in both genders. After adjustment for age, gender, diabetes, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, serum creatinine, left ventricular hypertrophy, ambulatory blood pressure, and use of diuretics during follow-up, uric acid levels in the highest quartile were associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events (relative risk, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.00), fatal cardiovascular events (relative risk, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.79), and all-cause mortality (relative risk, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.57) in relation to the second quartile. In untreated subjects with essential hypertension, raised uric acid is a powerful risk marker for subsequent cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. (Hypertension.
Serum Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Events in Successfully Treated Hypertensive Patients
To determine whether pretreatment and/or in-treatment serum uric acid (SUA) is independently and specifically associated with cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients, we examined the 20-year experience of 7978 mild-to-moderate hypertensive participants in a systematic worksite treatment program. Clinical evaluation and treatment were protocol-directed. SUA was measured at entry and annually thereafter. Subjects were stratified according to gender-specific quartile of baseline SUA. Blood pressures at entry and in-treatment were, respectively, 152.5/95.6 and 138.9/85.4 mm Hg. SUA was normally distributed with a mean of 0.39960.0893 and 0.32160.0833 mmol/L for men and women, respectively. Subjects with highest SUA were heavier, had greater evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), higher systolic blood pressure, higher creatinine, more frequent diuretic use, and lower prevalence of diabetes. During an average follow-up of 6.6 years (52 751 patient-years), 548 CVD events (183 mor...
Relationship between serum uric acid and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Bangladeshi adults
Scientific Reports
experimental evidence suggests a causal role of serum uric acid (sUA) in hypertension development. Currently, there are few data available on the association between sUA and hypertension; data from Bangladeshi adults are not available yet. this study evaluated the association of sUA with hypertension among Bangladeshi adults. Blood samples were obtained from 140 males and 115 females and analyzed for SUA and lipid levels. Hypertension was defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/ or DBp ≥ 90 mmHg. All participants were divided into four quartiles based on SUA concentrations. Association of sUA with hypertension was evaluated by logistic regression models. the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was significantly higher in male (15.4 and 47.6%, respectively) than in the female (5.6 and 33.4%, respectively) subjects (p < 0.01). Males had a higher mean level of SUA (310.7 ± 67.9 µmol/L) than in the females (255.3 ± 69.3 µmol/L) (p < 0.001). Hyperuricemia was prevalent 9.1% in males and 10.3% in females. An increasing trend for hypertension and prehypertension was found in both genders with increasing sUA levels in the quartiles (p < 0.01). SUA levels in the quartiles were positively correlated with blood pressure (p < 0.01). After adjusting for baseline covariates, SUA levels were significantly associated with hypertension (p < 0.01). Findings of this study indicate the significance of maintaining normal SUA level to prevent hypertension.
Is There a Pathogenetic Role for Uric Acid in Hypertension and Cardiovascular and Renal Disease?
Hypertension, 2003
Hyperuricemia is associated with hypertension, vascular disease, renal disease, and cardiovascular events. In this report, we review the epidemiologic evidence and potential mechanisms for this association. We also summarize experimental studies that demonstrate that uric acid is not inert but may have both beneficial functions (acting as an antioxidant) as well as detrimental actions (to stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and induce endothelial dysfunction). A recently developed experimental model of mild hyperuricemia also provides the first provocative evidence that uric acid may have a pathogenic role in the development of hypertension, vascular disease, and renal disease. Thus, it is time to reevaluate the role of uric acid as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hypertension and to design human studies to address this controversy.