A CBCT Based Evaluation of The Varying Location of Mandibular Canal and Mental Foramen: An Original Research Study (original) (raw)
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Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2018
Purpose This study aimed at identifying the course of the mandibular canal, the presence of anterior loop and accessory mental foramen, as well as verifying the association between these variables through the analysis of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams. Methods CBCT images were analyzed to identify the type of mandibular canal path, classified into three types: (I) catenary; (II) progressive descending; and (III) straight. In addition, the presence of anterior loop and accessory mental foramen was analyzed. The variables were summarized by measures of absolute frequency, relative, mean and standard deviation. The Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were used in the comparative analysis of the frequency distribution. The level of significance was 5%. Results The most frequent mandibular canal course was straight type (74.4%), followed by catenary (19.4%) and finally the progressive descending (6.2%). It was observed a prevalence of 10.2% for anterior loop and 7.9% for accessory mental foramen. There was no association between the presence of anterior loop (P = 0.798) and accessory mental foramen (P 0.480) with the mandibular canal course pattern, as well as no association between the anterior loop and the presence of the accessory mental foramen (P = 0.407). Conclusions The CBCT analysis is the best methodology for the investigation and localization of mandibular anatomical variations, which provides a good image quality of the bone tissue and details of the anatomical structures, reducing the risk of injury to the lower alveolar vascular-nervous bundle and, consequently, cause paralysis and hemorrhage in the anterior region of the mandible and adjacent structures.
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2017
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar nerve is one of the possible complications in surgical procedures such as implant placement. Considering the anatomic variety in nerve placement, the present study aims to assess the exact position of mandibular canal in the posterior mandibular body using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: CBCT mandible images of 150 patients with mean age of 45 years were used in this cross-sectional study. The cross-sectional profiles of each patient were measured at intervals of 5 mm, starting from 1 mm before mental foramen to the anterior border of the ramus in two age groups, below 50 and above 50. In each profile, the distances from the walls of the mandibular canal to the cranial nerve (CN), inferior nerve (IN), buccal nerve (BN) and lingual nerve (LN) were measured. FINDINGS: 70 men with mean age of 48.91±13.46 years and 80 women with mean age of 41.56±14.41 years participated in this study. The mean distances (mm) on the right and the left were respectively as follows: CN:
Dental Journal of Advance Studies
Purpose The present in vivo study aimed to estimate the prevalence and variation in anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in relation to mental foramen to assess the safe zone in anterior part of mandible for implant placement with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in North Indian population. Materials and Methodology To conduct this study, 70 patients were selected and radiographically evaluated. All CBCT scans were made from Genoray Papaya 3D Plus. CBCTs were evaluated in CDSee software for anterior loop and height measurement anterior to mental foramen. Four parameters of prevalence of loop length and height anterior to mental foramen on right and left side each and four parameters of variation in loop length and height on right and left side each were recorded with the help of descriptive statistical analyses (mean, median, mode, and range) and paired t-test. Level of significance (p) was also calculated. Result Paired t-test value for comparison on both the right an...
International journal of applied & basic medical research
Better understanding of the anatomical location and course of the mandibular canal is necessary to avoid damaging inferior alveolar nerve. The aim of this study was to investigate the buccolingual course of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) in different mental foramen locations, using cone beam computed tomography. Three hundred and twelve hemimandibular images were evaluated in this study. The location of mental foramen in relation to the apices of mandibular premolar and molar teeth were recorded. Nine measurements (in millimeters) were taken at the level of the IAC and posterior mandibular premolar and molar root apices. Relative distances of IAC to buccal and lingual mandibular cortex were calculated for different mental foramen types. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The distribution of subjects according to the type of mental foramen includes: Type 1 = 50.3% (at the level of second premolar apex)...
International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS), 2022
The identification of the MC is an important prerequisite for surgical procedures. Hence a careful evaluation of MC and evaluation of presence and course of AL prior to any surgical procedures is mandatory. In this regard CBCT has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool. To assess the frequency and the course of AL of MC near mental foramen, to evaluate age-related and genderrelated changes of AL and also to correlate the variations of the located AL of the same image bilaterally using existing CBCT scans. To assess the frequency and Length of the AL of MC near mental foramen on CBCT. To evaluate the age-related and gender-related & side-related changes of AL of MC by using CBCT. To evaluate different AL anatomical variants by using CBCT. CBCT images were retrospectively evaluated. Scans of the patients were made at 90 kVp and 12 mA at different resolutions. The FOV was 8-8 cm. Slices thickness of 0.150mm to evaluate the location on MC & AL. The frequency of AL among the subjects was 44%, with significant prevalence in females (25.3%). The AL was found more commonly in the younger age group & was present bilaterally. The lingual cortex was closest. The present study showed that the mandibular canal was closest to the apex of mandibular 2nd molar teeth. A high prevalence of AL was detected among females & younger individuals.
Evaluation of Mandibular Incisive Canal with Mental Foramen: A Retrospective Study Using CBCT
Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research
Aim and objective: To evaluate the presence, width and the initial part of mandibular incisive canal (MIC) and its relationship with the mental foramen (MF) in 60 CBCT scans for pre-surgical implant planning. Material and methods: In this retrospective analysis, random samples of 60 mandibular CBCT scans were taken to examine the dimension of MIC and its relationship to MF. Result: The location and measurements of the MIC in a contiguous system is measured by 60 CBCT scans. MIC was identified in 71.67 percent of cases with a mean diameter of 2.56mm, i.e. 45% started before MF and 26% began extremely close to foramen. Conclusion: The results from this analysis indicates that the presurgical preparation of the MIC in CBCT should be performed in order to ensure a minimally invasive and optimum location of the implant.
OALib
Introduction: The knowledge of precise location of various mandibular anatomical landmarks is mandatory to obtain the desired surgical outcome. Damage to the nerve can be caused by perforation of the nerve canal during different surgical procedures. Accessory mental foramen (AMF) is a relevant anatomic structure with widespread importance as its presence may cause failure to achieve adequate level of anesthesia using conventional nerve block technique. Aim: To assess the inferior alveolar nerve canal position and accessory mental foramen using CBCT. Objective: 1) To assess the linear relationship of the alveolar nerve canal (ANC) to buccal and lingual cortex, bone crest to canal on both sides of mandible. 2) To identify the occurrence and location of AMF as a rare anatomical variation on both side of mandible. Materials and methods: A total 178 mandibular CBCT scans were examined for AMF and the linear relationship ANC to buccal and lingual cortex, bone crest to canal in both side of mandible was evaluated in cross-section. Result: Out of the studied population, 13 AMF were detected in 12 subjects (9 Males, 4 Females). Gender wise comparison of the linear measurement of the study population in buccal cortex, lingual cortex, cortical width, total width through centre of inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC) and diameter of inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC) shows no statistically significant variance (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The presence of anatomical variations is frequently neglected. To get rid of iatrogenic injuries during the surgical procedures, it is important to identify these variations by presurgical imaging examination which permits more accurate planning and contributes more successful treatment.
Clinical implant dentistry and related research, 2018
Anterior loop of the mental nerve is a very important anatomic landmark in implant placement and anterior mandibular osteotomies. Two-dimensional imaging techniques are not competent enough to locate and measure the mental nerve loop in majority of the cases. Any injury to this loop results in pain/paresthesia/numbness in the region supplied by the mental nerve. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence and measure the length of the loop using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) and calculate the average length and prevalence so that a safe margin can be given while placing the implants or the osteotomy cuts in the premolar region. A cross-sectional study was done using CBCT images of 85 patients taken for impaction surgery. The length of the loop was measured in mm using standardized lines drawn along specific anatomic landmarks. In our study 11.76% of patients had anterior loop in their mental nerve. Mean length of the mental nerve loop was calculated and found to be...
The portion of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) existent anterior to the mental foramen, before parting the canal, is referred to as the anterior loop (AL) of the IAN. The presence of AL is important when placing the implant interforaminal area of the mandible. These anatomical discrepancies can be assessed by cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT), for evaluating its position and exact location. Mandibular neurovascular canal contents may be vulnerable to damage during mandibular surgical procedure. Greater knowledge of the location and configuration of the mandibular canal can help in the safe performance of these procedure in the dental clinic. Cross-sectional CBCT imaging is a good modality for studying the course, location, configuration and accessory branches of the mandibular canal. Advanced cross-sectional imaging modalities especiallly CBCT is a suitable tool for observing anatomic characteristics of mandibular canal to preserve this vital structure in surgical procedure.
Brazilian Dental Science, 2020
Objective: The anatomy of mental foramen (MF) is a noteworthy landmark during any surgical procedures in the inter-foraminal region. Thus, the study aims at evaluating the location of MF and the emergence pattern of MN in three status of dentition in Saudi Arabian population. Material and Methods: In a prospective study, we have analyzed 240 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the location of MF and the emergence pattern of MN. The study comprising three groups, namely dentulous, partially edentulous and edentulous, each having eighty CBCT scans. We presented the data in percentages. The chisquare and McNemar’s test were used for testing association and pair-wise analysis, respectively. Results: The most common location of MF was below the apex of the second premolar irrespective of dentition status, with 54.2% in right and 60% in the left side of the jaw. Among the dentition status, left side of the mandible has shown significant variation for the location of MF, whereas gende...