Dynamic energy assessment to analyze different refurbishment strategies of existing dwellings placed in Madrid (original) (raw)
Energy and Buildings, 2016
(J.Ortiz). HIGHLIGHTS Cost effective evaluation for energy renovation of residential buildings Energy, comfort and economic criteria for choosing energy efficiency measures Building simulation including detailed characterization of the user interaction Effect of passive strategies as natural ventilation and solar protections ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a detailed method for developing cost-optimal studies for the energy refurbishment of residential buildings. The method takes part of an innovative approach: two-step evaluation considering thermal comfort, energy and economic criteria. The first step, the passive evaluation, was presented previously [1] and the results are used to develop the active evaluation, which is the focus of this paper. The active evaluation develops a cost-optimal analysis to compare a set of passive and active measures for the refurbishment of residential buildings. The cost-optimal methodology follows the European Directives and analysed the measures from the point of view of non-renewable primary energy consumption and the global costs over 30 years. The energy uses included in the study are heating, domestic hot water, cooling, lighting and appliances. In addition, the results have been represented following the energy labelling scale. The paper shows the results of a multi-family building built in the years 1990-2007 and located in Barcelona with two configurations: with natural ventilation and without natural ventilation. The method provides technical and economic information about the energy efficiency measures, with the objective to support the decision process.
Energy Efficient Refurbishment Analysis for an Apartment Building in Portugal
There are many parameters that influence energy simulation outputs of buildings, some of which are analysed in this study including the thermal properties of building elements. Within the "Holistic energy-efficient retrofitting of residential buildings" (HERB), financed by the European Union seventh framework programme project, the most appropriate way of saving energy in a residential apartment building in Portugal is sought in terms of energy. This study presents the simulation results of energy efficient retrofitting strategies of the building envelope and investigates the integration of renewable energy technologies in an existing building block. The existing multi-storey residential building in Almada is first modelled by using Sketchup Open Studio plugin; the definition of building materials, HVAC equipment system and the analysis are undertaken with the EnergyPlus building energy simulation program for different retrofit scenarios. After obtaining the energy demand ...
Under the current Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, EU countries must set building energy renovation as a goal for future development of the cities. The 22@ district of Barcelona is one of the most thriving innovation districts of Europe with an increasing market for office buildings. In this framework, the present paper evaluates the effectiveness of a series of strategies considered the real case project of the energy retrofit of an existing building in 22@. In particular, the study presents the results of different scenarios of building retrofits, where simulations of dynamic envelopes are performed, with the inclusion of a conventional ventilated façade, Living Green Walls and Phase Change Material (PCM) for thermal energy storage. The different scenarios are compared in terms of energy performance, enhanced comfort and cost-benefit analysis. The benefits of latent thermal energy storage, improved thermal inertia and evapotranspiration of the vegetated elements are also assessed. Eventually this study helps understanding the feasibility of the implementation of the nZEB standard in energy retrofit of buildings in the specific context of Barcelona and Spain. 1. Introduction The massive urban development is altering the land surface by concentrating materials which effectively retain heat and create impervious surfaces, thus affecting urban local climate and urban hydrology. Moreover, tall buildings provide multiple surfaces for the absorption of solar radiation that is subsequently reradiated as heat, thus enhancing the efficiency with which urban areas are warmed up [1]. Building renovation is a main issue of recent European policies towards energy efficiency. Today's renovation projects have the challenges of improving the energy efficiency in order to reach the goals of zero emission in the building sector while improving their social and economic value, securing a sustainable use of resources [2] and minimizing the deleterious effects of buildings in the urban environment. The renovation of the building envelope, are a key factor in the energy rehabilitation of buildings and the urban environment. This paper describes three renovation strategies: living walls, ventilated facades with fibre-cement cladding and ventilated facades with PCM materials [3,4,5].
IMPLEMENTATION OF URBAN BUILDING ENERGY MODELING IN HISTORIC DISTRICTS. SEVILLE AS CASE-STUDY
Buildings represent 40% of the European Union's final energy consumption and are largely of residential use. From 2006 to 2016, existing European housing stocks have been analysed at national level to make the energy refurbishment processes transparent and effective. However, at the meta-scale of regions, cities or neighbourhoods, case-by-case analysis using Building Energy Models (BEM) becomes an unfeasible decision-support tool. To try to overcome this limitation, the nascent field of Urban Building Energy Modelling (UBEM) is making substantial progress in the assessment of building energy performance at urban scale. Still, most of the UBEM projects rely upon archetypes – i.e. virtual or sample buildings illustrative of the most frequent characteristics of a particular category, and the definition and description of such archetypes may compromise their reliability. This paper presents an alternative UBEM approach, especially designed for the homogeneous historic districts of cities where a significant proportion of the buildings are under preservation rules. These rules can restrict the scope of the measures to improve their energy efficiency or limit the possibility of implementing renewable energy systems. We introduce a new parameter (HAD) to classify blocks according to their heritage asset density. HAD is then mapped onto the study-area and the sample block is selected as representative of the most frequent HAD category. Using the historic ensemble of Seville as case-study, this paper shows results in energy consumption on a district scale and proposes a set of solutions to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings while respecting the heritage preservation rules. To support consistent policy decisions, validation of these results has been carried out, by in-situ monitoring of a representative number of dwellings.
2012
The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the potential of energetic savings of the dwellings in Catalonia and its economical impact, according to different scenarios of efficiency that have been defined according to the different regulations at state and autonomic level. 13 typologies of dwellings have been defined in order to categorize the buildings in Catalonia following these criteria: climatic zone, orientation, year of construction and type of dwelling, i.e., detached house or multifamily building. Simulations with LIDER software has been done in order to obtain the heating and cooling demand for each typology of dwelling in each climatic zone and for each orientation. It has also been studied the economical impact of each scenario. The mainly conclusions are the following: the best normative scenario is the one where the limitations imposed by the state regulations are fulfilled, CTE. With this scenario a reduction in emissions of 6.4% would be achieved with respect to the ...
Strategy for the energy renovation of the housing stock in Comunitat Valenciana (Spain)
Energy and Buildings, 2016
The Spanish residential building stock built between 1940-1980 period presents a high energy saving potential as it represents a significant percentage of the total housing stock and it was built without any regulation regarding energy efficiency. Accordingly, the first aim of this paper was to quantify the energy saving potential and the related reduction in CO 2 emissions of the housing stock in those years. The work focuses on the Mediterranean climate of the Comunitat Valenciana Region, therefore the energy efficiency strategies proposed are passive and deal with the envelope of buildings. On the basis of the results obtained, several scenarios with intervention periods of 10, 20 and 30 years were calculated. The conclusion was that with the current rate of annual building renovation, it will be nearly impossible to reach the goals established by the EPBD. Only a deep transformation of the building fabric within this sector could help in achieving them. Finally, it should be noted that the proposed methodology can be applied to other areas with different climates, particularly in Spain.
Energy and Buildings
Increasing the energy efficiency with a vast impact in the residential building stock requires retrofit solutions that can be exploited with respect to a wide range of different building typologies and climates. Several tools and methodologies are nowadays available both for the assessment of building demands and for the individuation of optimum retrofit solutions. However, they are usually either too complex to be adopted by professionals or, on the contrary, oversimplified to account for the full complexity of a deep envelope and HVAC system retrofit. In this context, this paper describes a methodology developed to generate reliable information on retrofit solutions for typical buildings in different climatic conditions. Detailed numerical models are used to simulate a number of combinations of envelope and HVAC systems retrofit measures and renewable energy integration. Energy performance results are gathered in a database that allows comparing solutions, spanning over a range of more than 250,0 0 0 combinations of building types, age of construction, climates, envelope performance levels and HVAC systems configurations. Economic feasibility is also derived for each of the combinations. In this way, the accurateness of a detailed and validated calculation is made available to assist during the decision making process, with minimum computational effort being required by professionals: the variety and density of evaluated combinations allows to easily assess the performance of a specific case by interpolating among instances previously assessed. The applicability of the results to different climates and similar building typologies is verified by a comparison of the database results with a specific case dynamic simulation.
Primary energy has grown by 49% worldwide in the last two decades. The residential building stock in Germany accounts for about one third of the total energy demand of the country. About 90% of this building stock is existing and not consistent with current standards in the context of the German Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV) 2009. Consequently, refurbishment of the existing residential buildings supports significant opportunities to improve their energy performance. However, most refurbishment measures in Germany are limited to windows replacement and roof and upper floor(s) insulation. This paper investigates an integrative approach for thermal refurbishment measures of the whole building envelope and heating system in terms of three scenarios to two case study buildings: timber frame and modern buildings in Wolfhagen, Germany. Thus, the study aims at reducing the buildings’ heat losses and saving the heating and primary energy demands. The results show a great potential for saving the case study buildings’ specific annual heating energy demand by about 48%, 41%, 45% and 46%, 44% in each scenario for the timber frame building and modern buildings respectively in comparison to the previously estimated baseline values. A small difference in heating demand savings between the scenarios of each building is noticed. Hence, it can be interpreted that the basement ceiling is not a refurbishment priority while the façade has to be taken into account for refurbishment. Other considerations affecting primary and heating demands have to be studied while not all refurbishment scenarios possibilities are worked out in this paper. Keywords: Energy Demand, Existing Residential Buildings, Refurbishment, Integrative, Scenarios
Sustainability
Nowadays, energy retrofit interventions on the existing building stock are of paramount importance towards energy consumption and emissions reductions in the construction sector. Such interventions are also crucial in the view of increasing cities resilience with respect to the intensification of frequent extreme weather events, such as cold spells and heatwaves. Indeed, a wide portion of our cities is dated and lacking with respect to performances. These are the motivations behind the proposed sustainable approach, which deals with the environmental perspective, but also with social and economic ones, by proposing the retrofit of the Public Residential Building stock (Edilizia Residenziale Pubblica, ERP). The objective is to improve the energy performance of ERP stock by means of construction materials coming from local km0 agricultural waste and by-products. The research was conducted by means of in field and numerical analyses of the energy performances of a relevant case study b...
Sustainable Cities and Society
A significant part of the European residential building stock is architectural heritage and is protected by law in different grades. Although these dwellings seldom fulfil the current eco-efficiency requirements, listed buildings are exempt from energy regulations requirements. This paper reviews the constructional characteristics common to 588 multi-storey listed buildings (circa 6000 dwellings) located in l'Eixample district in Valencia (Spain). The poor thermal performance of these buildings proven by this study reveal a significant potential for saving energy and reducing CO 2 emissions, particularly when considering the current requirements fixed by the current Spanish building code. Retrofitting measures, intended to improve the thermal behaviour of the envelope of these buildings while being respectful with their listed nature, are proposed for further analysis.