Heamato-immunological and physiological responses of Labeo rohita fingerlings to dietary fermented Jatropha curcas protein concentrate (original) (raw)
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Effect of Detoxified Jatropha Cake on Hepatic and Renal Function following Long Term Feeding to Mice
Defence Life Science Journal, 2016
INTRODUCTION Jatropha curcas commonly known as physic nut belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. It is a hardy plant, thrives on degraded land and requires limited amounts of nutrients and water. The seeds contain about 300-350 gm/kg oil, which can be used as a fuel directly or in its trans esterified form, as a substitute for diesel. The proportions of shell and kernel range from 350 to 400 gm/kg and from 600 to 650 gm/kg, respectively. The seed weighs about 0.75 g and the kernel contains protein and lipid contents of 27-32% and 58-60%, respectively 1. The toxic component was isolated from the seeds of Jatropha curcas by Felke 2 and was designated as curcin, Barbieri 3 reported that curcin was type I RIP i.e. ribosome inactivating protein. Curcin is a Type I RIP with a molecular weight of about 28.2 kDa, which strongly inhibits the protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC 50 value of about (0.19±0.01 nMol/L). Beside curcin, the seed contain phorbol ester, trypsin inhibitor, saponin, lectin, HCN, alkaloids and resin etc which prevent it's use as feed for animal. Jatropha curcas seeds are highly toxic to a number of animal species. The toxicity is ascribed to the presence of phorbol esters. Other antinutrients present in high amounts in the seed are trypsin inhibitor, lectin, saponins, HCN, alkaloids, resin and phytate. In addition to the presence
This research aimed (1) to increase the added value of Jatropha cultivation by using it as rabbit feed and (2) to analyze the fermentation of Jatropha seed cake by lactic acid and the effect on blood profile of post weaned Rex rabbits. Twenty one post weaned Rex rabbits up to 1000 gram body weight on average were assigned. Completely Randomized Design was applied in three treatments of complete feed with Jatropha curcas levels consist of R0 = 0 %, R1 = 6 %, and R2 = 12 %, with seven replications for each treatment. Variables investigated were feed consumption and haematological profile consisted of packed cell volume, platelet count, total plasma protein and fibrinogen. The results showed the range of packed cell volume was 28.42% to 32.28%; the mean of platelet count was 61285,7/mm3 to 73000,0/mm3 ; the average of total plasm protein was 4,92 g/dl to 5,09 g/dl; the average of fibrinogen was 0,74 g/dl to 1,52 g/dl. Analysis of variance showed no significant effect on packed cell volume, platelet count, total plasma protein and fibrinogen of post weaned Rex rabbit (P > 0,05). In conclusion, to increase the added value of Jatropha cultivation is by utilizing the seed cake as complete feed for rabbits up to 12% level without affecting the blood profile of post weaned Rex rabbits.
Use of detoxified Jatropha kernel meal and protein isolate in farm animal species
2012
Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) is a drought-resistant shrub or tree, which is widely distributed in wild or semicultivated areas in Central and South America, Africa, India, China and South East Asia. It is a hardy plant and thrives on degraded land. Jatropha kernels (de-shelled seeds) contain 55-60 percent oil that can be transformed into good quality biodiesel through transesterification and used as a substitute for diesel. The kernel meal obtained after oil extraction is an excellent source of nutrients and contains 60-66 percent crude protein; while jatropha protein isolate obtained from jatropha seed cake (residue obtained after mechanical pressing of the whole seeds) has about 81-85 percent crude protein. The contents of essential amino acids (EAAs) (except lysine) are higher in jatropha kernel meal than in soybean meal (SBM), and higher in jatropha protein isolate than soy proteins isolate.
Transformation of toxic potential of Jatropha curcas (Ratanjyot) into protein source: A mini-review
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2015
The production of animal largely depends on supplying of quality feed and proteinaceous supplement to the animals. Jatropha plant can grow in the barren lands, and are used as a source of biodiesel. Besides, the plant may act as a rich proteinaceous source. However, the antinutritional factors present in the seed and seed oil of the plant may hamper the availability and beneficial use of the plant. Curcin and phorbol esters are the major toxic compounds present in the plant; these toxic compounds cause to produce liver and kidney diseases. Detoxification of these toxic compounds by physical and chemical means converting to less toxic seed cake may serve the purpose of using this plant in future as a replacement of costly protein supplement for animals. Therefore, in modern world, it is recommended to utilize the protein source by neutralizing the antinutritional factors. This minireview describes the updates on how J. curcas can be utilized as a supplementary source of protein for animals by decreasing its toxicity.
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2017
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Four iso-nitrogenous (336 g kg −1) and iso-energetic (20 MJ kg −1) diets containing 0, 100, 200, and 300 g kg −1 FJKM in replacement of 0, 33.3, 66.7, and 100% soybean meal protein, respectively, were prepared and designated as control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. A total of 180 acclimatized fish (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g) were equally distributed into four experimental groups in triplicates, and were fed their respective diets to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. Higher percent weight gain (%WG); specific growth rate (SGR); protein efficiency ratio (PER); protease, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities; and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in T2 and T3 groups compared to other groups. Whereas hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestinal somatic index (ISI), and amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities among the various dietary groups did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). Whole body composition of fish analyzed at the end of the feeding trial exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher ether extract and lower crude protein in the control group compared to the FJKM-fed groups. These results indicated that rohu fingerlings can efficiently utilize FJKM without any detrimental effect on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and metabolic response.
Food Chemistry, 1998
Four varieties of Jatropha curcas which originated from Nicaragua (Cape Verde and Nicaragua toxic varieties cultivated in Managua), Nigeria (a wild variety from Ife; toxicity unknown) and Mexico (a wild non-toxic variety collected from Papantla) were studied. The average seed weight was 0.69, 0.86, 0.53 and 0.65g for Cape Verde, Nicaragua, Ife-Nigeria and non-toxic Mexico varieties, respectively. The kernel to shell ratio in seeds was relatively similar (62.7:37.3 for both Cape Verde and Nicaraguan, 60:40 for Ife-Nigerian and 63.5:36.5 for non-toxic Mexican). The shell of the seeds composed mainly of fiber (>83% neutral detergent fiber) and very little crude protein (CP < 6%). The kernels were rich in CP (22.2-27.7%) and lipid (53.958.5%). The meal (defatted kernels) had a CP content of 57.3, 61.9, 56.1 and 64.4% for Cape Verde, Nicaragua, Ife-Nigeria and non-toxic Mexico varieties, respectively, and about 90% of this CP was true protein. The pepsin insoluble nitrogen was from 5.5 to 7%. The amino acid composition of meals from Cape Verde, Nicaragua and non-toxic Mexico varieties wa.s similar. The levels of essential amino acids except lysine were higher than that for the FA0 reference protein. The meal from the toxic variety (Cape Verde) did not have any anti-fermentative activity on rumen microbes. The estimated digestible organic matter (DOM) and metabolizable energy (ME) for the shells were low (26.2-27.1% and 2.4-2.8 MJ kg-'), whereas these values for jatropha meals were 77.3-78.4% and 10.7-10.9 MJ kgg'. For commercially available (heat-treated) soyabean meal, DOM and ME were 87.9% and 13.3 MJ kgg', respectively. The in-vitro rumen degradable nitrogen (% of total nitrogen) for meals from Cape Verde, Nicaragua, Ife-Nigeria and non-toxic Mexico varieties was 43.3, 37.7, 38.7 and 28.9, respectively, and for the soyabean meal it was 80.9%. Tannins, cyanogens, glucosinolates and amylase inhibitors were not detected in meals of any of the four varieties. A small amount of tannins were present in shells (2.&2.9% as tannic acid equivalent). High levels of trypsin inhibitor activity (18.4-26.5 mg trypsin inhibited gg'), lectin (51-102; inverse of the minimum amount in mg ml-' of the assay which produced haemagglutination in presence of 1OmM Mn2+) and phytate (7.2-10.1"~) were observed in the meals. The concentrations of phorbol esters in kernels of Cape Verde, Nicaragua and Ife-Nigeria varieties were 2.70, 2.17 and 2.30 mg g-i, whereas kernels of nontoxic Mexican had a very low level (0.11 mg gg') of phorbol esters. 0 Protein quality of three new Canadian-developed naked oat cultivars using amino acid composition data. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry 43, 415-421.
ANIMAL PRODUCTION, 2016
The purpose of this study is to assess the optimization of fermentation process by adding a minerals and amino acids so that the potential of protein of Concentrate Protein-Jatropha seed cake (CP-JSC) can be optimally used as a substitute for soybean meal. The method used was completely randomized design. The treatment consisted of F1: Fermentation CP-BBJ + methionine-lysine (0.25%: 0.25%), F2: Fermentation CP-JSC + methionine-lysine (0.5%: 0.5%), F3: F1 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphate, F4: F2 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphate. Each treatment was repeated four times, When treatment significantly continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD), variables observed are the levels of antinutrients (phorbolester, antitrypsin), the levels of nutrients (fat, protein, crude fiber, Ca, P and gross energy) and amino acid. Results of analysis of variance showed that the addition of amino acids and minerals Ca, P in the fermentation process was highly significant effect on the levels of crude fiber and ...
Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
The rising cost of aquafeed ingredients as global aquaculture expands has led researchers to look for other ingredient sources that are not in conflict with human food. In this regard, this study examined the possibility of incorporating detoxified jatropha protein isolate (JP) into the diet of Labeo rohita (rohu) and the effect on the haematology, innate immunity, and organ integrity. A total of 216 fish (3.25 ± 0.02 g/fish) were randomly distributed in 15 tanks and fed for 60 days. The control diet was formulated with soy protein isolate (SP) and gradually replaced with JP at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results showed that the red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) were not significantly influenced (p > 0.05). White blood cell (WBC) counts registered a significant overall effect and followed a quadratic trend (p = 0.001), while the haematocrit value showed overall significant effects (p < 0.05) but no linear or quadratic trends were observed (p > 0.05). Serum lysozyme...
Biological evaluation of Jatropha curcas seed as a new source of protein
The effects of autoclaving, roasting, germination and chemical detoxification (treating with ethanol 90% for 2 hours followed by autoclaving in 0.07% sodium bicarbonate at 121°C for 20 min) of Jatropha curcas seeds on the protein quality, liver function, kidney function, organ weight and histology in rats were evaluated. Roasting, autoclaving and germination treatments did not affect the toxicity of Jatropha seed flour. However, detoxification treatment improved the protein quality of Jatropha seed flour. The protein efficiency ratio, true digestibility and biological value of detoxifying Jatropha seed flour were 87.33, 92.33 and 86.11% of the casein. Rats fed detoxified Jatropha seed flour had higher heart and kidney weights and lower lung weight than those fed casein. These differences were not enough to cause any side effects on the tissues of these organs. However, detoxified Jatropha seed flour did not affect in liver and spleen weights. Liver and kidney functions in rats fed d...
Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 2012
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