Chemical composition of Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) leaf meal and leaf protein concentrate (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2016
A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons 2012 and 2013 at research farm of Department of Agronomy Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa-Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design in three replications with ten treatments are as follows: RDF+2.5% K-sap, RDF+5% K sap, RDF+7.5% K sap, RDF+10% K sap, RDF+2.5% G sap, RDF+5% G sap, RDF+7.5% G sap, RDF+10% G sap, RDF+water spray, 50% RDF+6.25% K sap. The sowing date of Berseem variety-JB-5 were sown on 17 th November, 2012 and 19 th November of 2013. The highest GFY and DMY were recorded with the application of RDF with 10% G sap (613.45 and 83.24 q ha-1) followed by application of RDF+10% K sap (607.35 and 82.01 q ha-1), similarly the maximum seed yield and stover yield were recorded with the application of RDF with 10% G sap (4.72 and 62.36 q ha-1) followed by application of RDF+10% K sap (4.07 and 60.59 q ha-1), respectively due to presence of growth promoting hormones (Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins), trace elements, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics and micronutrients in these saps. The higher crude protein yield and crude fiber yield were observed under application of 10% G sap+RDF (11.67 and 15.10 q ha-1) followed by10% K sap+RDF (11.83 and 15.34 q ha-1).
PHYTOREMIDATION PROPERTIES AND CLA CONTENT OF BERSEEM (TRIFOLIUM ALEXANDRIUNUM)
The use of green plants to remove, inactivate, accumulate, or degrade harmful environmental contaminants is termed as phytoremediation, which is an emerging technology. Berseem is useful in phytoremidiation of Cd, Pb,Zn and Cu. Berseem is the most vital fodder crop of India. It is easily digestible, very nutritive, and highly palatable to all farm animals. Since it is a leguminous crop, it also enriches soil fertility. Berseem a is rich source of CLA (conjugated Linoleic acid) which is a mixture of linoleic acid isomers, geometric isomers and primarily position. CLA has anti cancer efficacy at concentrations close to human consumption levels.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1982
A thin layer chromatography technique was used to identify and semiquantitate the oestrogenic isoflavones in berseem clover (Tvifolium alexandrinum). Biochanin A and genistein were the most prominent isoflavones in ail the three cuts of fresh berseem clover. Low concentrations of formononetin and daidzein were also detected. The concentrations of the all oestrogenic isoflavones gradually decreased in the successive cuts. Fermentation of all three fresh cuts in silo or in rumen fluid increased the concentrations of these isoflavones. Incubation of the silage materials with rumen fluid had little effect on the concentrations of the isoflavones. The concentrations of the oestrogenic isoflavones in fresh or fermented materials considered were too small to have any adverse effects on growth or reproduction of farm animals.
Effects of processing on Duckweed (Lemna minor) as fish feedstuff
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
The nutritional value of duckweed (Lemna minor) has been investigated as a suitable substitute for soybean meal in aquafeed. However, information on its processed forms in the diets for better nutrients utilization are yet to be reported. Therefore, this research investigated the effects of treated duckweed meal (DWM) as soybean substitute. The proximate composition, anti-nutritional factors and amino acids concentration of raw (Ra), cooked (Co) and soaked in potash (So) DWM were evaluated using standard methods. Crude protein of the test ingredients varied from 22.70% (Ra) to 29.45% (Co). Anti-nutrient factors of saponin, tannins and cyanide were significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 0.72±0.01% to 0.41±0.01%, 64.00±0.29 (mg/100g) to 20.50±0.29 (mg/100g) and 4.88±0.01 (mg/100g) to 2.61±0.35 (mg/100g) in Ra and Co samples, while oxalate and phytate significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 219.00±0.58 to 65.00±0.58 (mg/100g) and 732.84±0.37 to 165.80±0.52 (mg/100g) in Ra and So, respectively. However, the value of alkaloid (%) was significantly (p<0.05) increased from 4.10±0.58 (Ra) to 4.70±0.01 (So). There were also increase in the total amino acids, total essential amino acids and total non-essential amino acids of the treated (Co and So) DWM over the Ra, as well as the essential amino acid score of So over Co and Ra DWM samples. The implication of the processing revealed that nutritional and amino acid content was enhanced with substantial reduction in phytochemicals except alkaloids.
Aquatic Food Studies
The study investigated the nutritional suitability Boscia senegalensis (Aizen) as alternative for protein in the formulation of diet of fish diet. The seeds were subjected to different processing methods to reduce levels of the most important antinutritional factors (ANFs) in the seeds. Standard methods of analysis were used for determination of anti-nutrients and proximate compositions of the processed seeds. Analyzed anti-nutritional factors of the differently processed B. senegalensis seeds indicated that soaking was the best in reducing the anti-nutrients with lowest levels of Saponin (2.10 m/g), Phytic acid (0.10 mg/g), Flavonoids (72.8 mg/g), Tanin (0.6 mg/g) and Alkaloids (1.02 mg/g). Proximate analysis showed that crude protein (CP) composition of the differently processed Boscia senegalensis seed ranged from 28.48 – 31.50%. Soaked sample had the highest CP (31.50%) while the boiled sample was the lowest (28.48%). Decreased lipid and fibre contents were observed in the boile...
A review on alternative plant protein sources available for future sustainable aqua feed production
2019
Global crisis of fish meal for aqua feed production imposed the researchers to search an alternate non conventional source of protein. Till date, most of the research conducted on replacement of fishmeal, used plant based protein ingredients. Plant based feed ingredients are rich in protein, but contain high amount of anti-nutritional factors which curb their usage in fish diet. In order to get rid of the antinutritional factors, present in the plant based feed ingredients, generally fermentation, solvent extraction, heat treatment and protein isolation methods are used. Among the reviewed plant based protein sources, soybean meal has the highest protein content but ultimate dependence on soybean meal has its own disadvantages. Rubber seed meal (26% protein) could replace 50% of fish meal in carp diet whereas canola meal (37% protein) and Jatropha kernel meal (27.2% protein) have a good amino acid profile, makes them suitable for the incorporation in fish diet. Palm kernel meal (16....
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research, 2020
The "tasty" cuisine tends to use chemical flavour agent containing monosodium glutamate (M.S.G.). M.S.G. utilizations, in long-term, may cause health problems, especially triggering cancer cells. Therefore necessary to introducing and increasing a natural flavouring agent to eliminate those health problem, such as bekai leaf. Bekai (Pycnarrhena tumefacta Miers) is familiar as a natural flavour agent (bio-vetsin) in cuisine for forest communities in Nyapa Indah Village, Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, until now there has been no proper analysis support for widespread utilization of bekai leaf. This paper studies the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant and GC MS analysis from bekai leaf extracts, as well as five hedonic classifications of organoleptic test, to reinforce the need for a better understanding of consumers reaction in terms of possible acceptance of additional bekai leaves applied in soup as bio-vetsin. Present study showed that the qualitative sc...