Splenectomy for Trauma Increases the Rate of Early Postoperative Infections (original) (raw)
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European journal of medical research, 2010
Non-operative management of blunt splenic injury in adults has been applied increasingly at the end of the last century. Therefore, the lifelong risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection has been the major impetus for preservation of the spleen. However, the prevalence of posttraumatic infection after splenectomy in contrast to a conservative management is still unknown. Objective was to determine if splenectomy is an independent risk factor for the development of posttraumatic sepsis and multi-organ failure. 13,433 patients from 113 hospitals were prospective collected from 1993 to 2005. Patients with an injury severity score >16, no isolated head injury, primary admission to a trauma center and splenic injury were included. Data were allocated according to the operative management into 2 groups (splenectomy (I) and conservative managed patients (II)). From 1,630 patients with splenic injury 758 patients undergoing splenectomy compared with 872 non-splenectomized patients....
Laparoscopic Splenectomy for Trauma
JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
Background and Objectives:The use of laparoscopy in the trauma setting is gaining momentum, with more therapeutic procedures being performed. We evaluated the use of laparoscopic splenectomy among trauma patients with data from the National Trauma Database. We compared outcomes for trauma patients undergoing laparoscopic (LS) versus open splenectomy (OS).Methods:From the National Trauma Database (2007 to 2015), we identified all patients who underwent a total splenectomy. Patients who had other abdominal operations were excluded. All patients were categorized into 1 of 2 groups: LS or OS. Outcomes of in-hospital mortality, postoperative length of stay, and incidence of major complications between the 2 groups were compared. Bivariate parametric and nonparametric analyses were performed. Patients were then matched on baseline demographic and injury characteristics by using propensity score matching techniques, and we compared differences by using regression analysis.Results:A total of 25,408 patients underwent OS and 113 patients underwent LS (0.44%). Patients were significantly different at baseline, with the LS group being less severely injured. Bivariate analysis revealed no difference in length of stay (9 vs 8 days, P = .62), incidence of major complications (10% vs 15%, P = .24), or mortality (6% vs 11%, P = .23). LS was performed in 29.2% of patients beyond 24 hours from presentation compared with 9.5% in the OS (P < .001). Adjusted multivariate analysis showed no overall difference in outcomes.Conclusion:LS for trauma is increasingly being used at many centers throughout the United States. The procedure is safe, with outcomes similar to those of OS in selected trauma patients.
Twenty Years of Splenic Preservation in Trauma: Lower Early Infection Rate Than in Splenectomy
World Journal of Surgery, 2008
Background Retrospective studies concerning the operative preservation and nonoperative management of splenic injuries in patients with splenic trauma have been published; however, few studies have analyzed prospectively the results and early complication rates of a defined management in splenic injury. Methods From 1986 to 2006, adult patients with blunt splenic injuries were evaluated prospectively with the intent of splenic preservation. Hemodynamically unstable patients underwent laparotomy. Stable patients were treated conservatively regardless of the grade of splenic injury determined by ultrasound and/or CT scan. Results During a 20-year period, 155 patients were prospectively evaluated. In 98 patients (63%), the spleen could be preserved by nonoperative (64 patients, 65%) or operative (34 patients, 35%) treatment and 57 patients (37%) needed splenectomy. There were no differences in age, sex, or trauma score between the groups, but a higher early infection rate in patients with splenectomy compared with patients with splenic preservation (p \ 0.005) was observed, even if the patients were matched with respect to multiple trauma using the Injury Severity Score (p \ 0.01). Conclusions Splenic preservation in patients with blunt splenic injury by operative or nonoperative treatment leads to lower early infection rates in adults and, therefore, should be advocated.
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery
Introduction The spleen provides a unique immune function in its production of opsins directed against encapsulated bacteria. Splenectomy, therefore, increases the risk of infections in patients as well as post-operative complications. This study aims to assess the risk of post-operative complications within 5 years of splenectomy by indication for splenectomy: trauma, disease, or in association with a distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic disease. The relationship between vaccination and infectious outcomes was also investigated. Methods This study is a review of splenectomy cases between June 2005 and June 2015 at a single institution. Infection, splenectomy indication, and vaccination history were identified from electronic medical records and lab test confirmations. Data was analyzed using Student's t test for continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables, and a Chi-square/Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Results A total of 106 splenectomy patients were included: 35 traumatic (74% male) and 71 non-traumatic causes (42% male) with no significant difference in age. There were no statistical differences in complications during splenectomy and vaccination administration between the splenectomy indication groups: trauma, disease, and with distal pancreatectomy. There was a statistically significant higher infection rate within 5 years post-splenectomy in the non-traumatic vs traumatic group (42% vs 14.0%, p = 0.0040) with majority gastrointestinal (7/38) and respiratory (5/38) and surgical wound infections (3/38) observed in non-traumatic versus traumatic, respectively. Conclusion Results from data analysis show a statistically significant difference in rates of infection within 5 years postoperatively between traumatic versus non-traumatic indications for splenectomies, with the non-traumatic group experiencing a higher rate of infectious outcomes. The non-traumatic group included patients with disease and distal pancreatectomy indications. This suggests that patients who have non-traumatic causes may be at a higher risk of developing infections following splenectomy procedure. Additionally, vaccinations did not appear to have a protective effect.
Surgical Infections, 2014
Background: There is a lack of evidence-based criteria to assist the diagnosis of infection following trauma splenectomy (TS). However, the literature suggests that white blood cell count (WBC) is associated with infection in patients who undergo TS. We sought to find whether there exist key differences in laboratory and clinical parameters that can assist the diagnosis of infection after TS. Methods: We evaluated all consecutive trauma patients who had undergone TS at a Level 1 trauma center from 2005 to 2011 for the development of infection. To do this, we compared the values of demographic, laboratory, and clinical variables of infected and non-infected patients on odd post-operative days (POD) in the period from 1-15 days after TS. Results: Of 127 patients who underwent TS, 25 died within 48 h after the procedure and were excluded from our analysis, leaving, 102 patients for investigation. In the 41 (40%) patients who developed an infection, the mean day for the first infectious episode was POD 7 (range, POD 4-14). The three most common infections were pneumonia (51%), urinary tract infection (24%), and bacteremia (20%). An evaluation of laboratory and clinical parameters showed no differences in the WBC of the patients who did and did not develop infections at any time in the 15 d after TS. However, the platelet count was statistically significantly higher in non-infected patients on POD 3-9 and on POD 13, and maximal body temperature was statistically significantly higher in the infected group of patients during the first week after TS. Differences in laboratory and clinical values of the infected and non-infected patients were greatest on POD 5. Conclusions: Patients who undergo TS have high rates of infectious complications. The WBC is not a reliable predictor of infection in these patients in the 2 wks following TS. However, patients who do not develop infection after TS have statistically significantly higher absolute platelet counts and rates of change in their daily platelet counts than those who develop infection.
Splenectomy for Trauma: Morbidity, Mortality and Associated Abdominal Injuries
ANZ Journal of Surgery, 1989
Management of N~I U I E~ spleen still frequently requires splenectomy. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing splenectomy for trauma a~ Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne. over a 14-year period was conducted. 141 of 145 cases were due to blunt trauma. The mortality rate was 10% and all deaths occurred as a result of road traMic accidents. The overall complication rate was 43%. varying from 25% in those with an isolated splenic injury to 100% with multiple system injuries. Their was zero incidence of associated intra-abdominal injury in the group sustaining a ~p n u e d spleen as a result +fa fall, assault or sporting injury, in m m t to a nearly 50% incidence following road traffic and bicycle: accidents. Whether these associated injuries would have been neglected had laparotomy for splenic trauma not been performed is uncertain, and so non-operative management of splenic trauma remains contentious. ~)articularly in cases following vehicular accidents.
Splenectomy sequelae: an analysis of infectious outcomes among adults in Victoria
The Medical journal of Australia, 2012
To determine the risk and timing of a broad range of infective outcomes and mortality after splenectomy. Analysis of a non-identifiable linked hospital discharge administrative dataset for splenectomy cases between July 1998 and December 2006 in Victoria, Australia. Age, sex, indication for splenectomy, infectious events and death. Patients splenectomised for trauma were compared with patients splenectomised for other indications. Infectious risk was established using Cox proportional hazards models. A total of 2574 patients underwent splenectomy (with 8648 person-years follow-up). Paediatric cases were excluded, leaving 2472 adult cases for analysis. The most common reasons for splenectomy were trauma (635 [25.7%]) and therapeutic haematological indications (583 [23.6%]). After splenectomy, 644 adult patients (26.0%) had a severe infection, with a rate of 8.0 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 7.2-8.4). The risk of severe infection was highest among patients aged > [corrected] 50 yea...