Bound states and expansion dynamics of interacting bosons on a one-dimensional lattice (original) (raw)
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New Journal of Physics, 2006
We present a model that generalizes the Bose-Fermi mapping for strongly correlated one-dimensional (1D) bosons trapped in combined optical lattice plus parabolic potentials, to cases in which the average number of atoms per site is larger than one. Using a decomposition in arrays of disjoint strongly interacting gases, this model gives an accurate account of equilibrium properties of such systems, in parameter regimes relevant to current experiments. The application of this model to non-equilibrium phenomena is explored by a study of the dynamics of an atom cloud subject to a sudden displacement of the confining potential. Excellent agreement is found with results of recent experiments, without the use of any adjustable parameters. The simplicity and intuitive appeal of this model make it attractive as a general tool for understanding bosonic systems in the strongly correlated regime.
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Physical Review A, 2005
We investigate the propagation of density-wave packets in a Bose-Hubbard model using the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group method. We discuss the decay of the amplitude with time and the dependence of the velocity on density, interaction strength and the height of the perturbation in a numerically exact way, covering arbitrary interactions and amplitudes of the perturbation. In addition, we investigate the effect of self-steepening due to the amplitude dependence of the velocity and discuss the possibilities for an experimental detection of the moving wave packet in time of flight pictures. By comparing the sound velocity to theoretical predictions, we determine the limits of a Gross-Pitaevskii or Bogoliubov type description and the regime where repulsive one-dimensional Bose gases exhibit fermionic behaviour.
One-dimensional density waves of ultracold bosons in an optical lattice (9 pages)
Phys Rev a, 2005
We investigate the propagation of density-wave packets in a Bose-Hubbard model using the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group method. We discuss the decay of the amplitude with time and the dependence of the velocity on density, interaction strength, and the height of the perturbation in a numerically exact way, covering arbitrary interactions and amplitudes of the perturbation. In addition, we investigate the effect of self-steepening due to the amplitude dependence of the velocity and discuss the possibilities for an experimental detection of the moving wave packet in time-of-flight pictures. By comparing the sound velocity to theoretical predictions, we determine the limits of a Gross-Pitaevskii- or Bogoliubov-type description and the regime where repulsive one-dimensional Bose gases exhibit fermionic behavior.
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Physical Review A, 2004
We investigate local and global properties of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with an external confining potential, describing an atomic condensate in an optical lattice. Using quantum Monte Carlo techniques we demonstrate that a local-density approximation, which relates the unconfined and the confined model, yields quantitatively correct results in most of the interesting parameter range. We also examine claims of universal behavior in the confined system, and demonstrate the origin of a previously calculated fine structure in the experimentally accessible momentum distribution.
The nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of few boson ensembles which experience a spatially modulated interaction strength and are confined in finite optical lattices is investigated. Performing quenches either on the wavevector or the phase of the interaction profile an enhanced imbalance of the interatomic repulsion between distinct spatial regions of the lattice is induced. Following both quench protocols triggers various tunneling channels and a rich excitation dynamics consisting of a breathing and a cradle mode. All modes are shown to be amplified for increasing inhomogeneity amplitude of the interaction strength. Especially the phase quench induces a directional transport enabling us to discern energetically, otherwise, degenerate tunneling pathways. Moreover, a periodic population transfer between distinct momenta for quenches of increasing wavevector is observed, while a directed occupation of higher momenta can be achieved following a phase quench. Finally, during the evolution regions of partial coherence are revealed between the predominantly occupied wells.
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We present a model that generalizes the Bose-Fermi mapping for strongly correlated 1D bosons in an optical lattice, to cases in which the average number of atoms per site is larger than one. This model gives an accurate account of equilibrium properties of such systems, in parameter regimes relevant to current experiments. The application of this model to non-equilibrium phenomena is explored by a study of the dynamics of an atom cloud subject to a sudden displacement of the confining potential. Good agreement is found with results of recent experiments. The simplicity and intuitive appeal of this model make it attractive as a general tool for understanding bosonic systems in the strongly correlated regime.
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Phys Rev a, 2004
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Physical Review A
We investigate the spin-2 chain model corresponding to the small hopping limit of the spin-2 Bose-Hubbard model using density-matrix renormalization-group and time-evolution techniques. We calculate both static correlation functions and the dynamic structure factor. The dynamic structure factor in the dimerized phase differs significantly between parameters near the SU(5)symmetric point and those deeper in the phase where the dimerization is strong. In the former case, most of the spectral weight is concentrated in a single excitation line, while in the latter case, a broad excitation continuum shows up. For the trimerized phase, we find gapless excitations at momenta k = ±2π/3 in agreement with previous results, although the visibility of these excitations in the dynamic spin response depends strongly on the specific parameters. We also consider parameters for specific atoms which may be relevant for future optical-lattice experiments.
Dynamic response of trapped ultracold bosons on optical lattices
Physical Review A, 2005
We study the dynamic response of ultracold bosons trapped in one-dimensional optical lattices using Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the boson Hubbard model with a confining potential. The dynamic structure factor reveals the inhomogeneous nature of the low temperature state, which contains coexisting Mott insulator and superfluid regions. We present new evidence for local quantum criticality and shed new light on the experimental excitation spectrum of 87 Rb atoms confined in one dimension.
Expansion of a Quantum Gas Released from an Optical Lattice
Physical Review Letters, 2008
We analyze the interference pattern produced by ultracold atoms released from an optical lattice. Such interference patterns are commonly interpreted as the momentum distributions of the trapped quantum gas. We show that for finite time-of-flights the resulting density distribution can, however, be significantly altered, similar to a near-field diffraction regime in optics. We illustrate our findings with a simple model and realistic quantum Monte Carlo simulations for bosonic atoms, and compare the latter to experiments.