Lamp of the Sciences concerning Knowledge of the Living Divine Sustainer (original) (raw)
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This introduction provides an overview of the significance of this Symposium on Islam and Science in the Future. Compiling this project began in early 2019 and various articles by philosophers , Islamicists and historians tackle the relationship between Islam and science from different angles. The question of how nature works is one of the oldest, prompting various inquiring minds to engage with it. This question was raised by religious believers as well, whose attempts to answer it were not limited to the mechanism of the universe, but also included how it is displayed in their scriptures. They made an extra effort to show how nature is, in both real and imaginary worlds, touchable by means of religious-based piety. For them, nature was manifested into three states: (1) Self, which was about soul and body; (2) Environment, which was about their surroundings, and (3) Heaven, which connected physical celestial bodies with scripture-based unseen and metaphysical elements of skies. In the believers' eyes, reaching heaven needs piety as much as knowing self and surrounding need it; the better the understanding of one, the better the comprehension of the other. The desire to reach and behold heaven is obvious in Judeo-Christian literature, particularly 3 Baruch (known as "the Greek Apocalypse of Baruch" ["a pseudepigraphical work"]):
The present study offers a comprehensive survey of al-Ghazali's classifications of the sciences and descriptions of the highest theoretical science, called the "science of un-* Works by al-Ghazali are abbreviated as follows: Arba'in = Kitab al- Arba'in fi usul al-din, ed. 'A.'A. 'Urwani and M.B. al-Shaqfa, Dar al-qalam, Damascus 1424/2003; Faysal = Faysal al-tafriqa bayn al-islam wa-l-zandaqa, ed. Mahmud Biju, Damascus 1993/1413 Ihya' = Ihya' 'ulum al-din, 5 vols., al-Maktaba al-tawfiqiyya, Cairo n.d.; Iljam = Iljam al-'awamm 'an 'ilm al-kalam, in: Majmu'at Rasa'il al-Imam al-Ghazali, ed. Ibrahim Amin Muhammad, al-Maktaba al-Tawfiqiya, Cairo n.d., pp. 319-355; Imla' = al-Imla' fi ishkalat al-Ihya', appended to Ihya', V:282-326; Iqtisad = al-Iqtisad fi al-i'tiqad, ed. I.A. Çubukçu and H. Atay, Ankara 1962; Jawahir = Jawahir al-Qur'an, ed. Rashid Rida al-Qabbani, Dar ihya' al-'ulum, Beirut 1411/1990; Kimiya = Kimiya-ye sa'adat, ed. Hoseyn Khadiv Jam, 2 vols., Sherkat-e Entesharat-e 'elmi va farhangi, Tehran 1383sh/2004; Laduniya = al-Risala al-Laduniya, Maragha MS, facsimile edition in: Nasrollah Pourjavady, Majmu'e-ye falsafi-ye Maraghe, Markaz-e Nashre daneshgahi, Tehran 1380sh/2001, pp. 100-120; Makatib = Makatib-e farsi-ye Ghazzali be-nam-e Fada'il al-anam min rasa'il Hujjat al-islam, ed. 'Abbas Eqbal, Tehran 1333sh/1954; Maqasid = Maqasid al-falasifa, ed. M.S. al-Kurdi, Cairo 1355/1936; Maqsad = al-Maqsad al-asna fi sharh ma'ani asma' Allah al-Husna, ed. F.A. Shehadi, Beirut 1971; Mishkat = al-Ghazali, The Niche of Lights, ed. and tr. D. Buchman, Brigham Young University Press, Provo, UT 1998; Mi'yar = Mantiq Tahafut al-falasifa almusamma Mi'yar al-'ilm, ed. S. Dunya, Dar al-ma'arif, Cairo 1961; Mizan = Mizan al-'amal, ed. S. Dunya, Cairo 1964; Munqidh = al-Munqidh min 2 Alexander TREIGER Dîvân 2 0 1 1 / 1 2 veiling" in the Revival of the Religious Sciences and the "science of the cognition of God" in the Jewels of the Qur'an.
Al-Ghazālī’s Classifications of the Sciences and Descriptions of the Highest Theoretical Science
Dîvân: Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi 16.1 (30) (2011): 1-32
The present study offers a comprehensive survey of al-Ghazali's classifications of the sciences and descriptions of the highest theoretical science, called the "science of un-* Works by al-Ghazali are abbreviated as follows: Arba'in = Kitab al- Arba'in fi usul al-din, ed. 'A.'A. 'Urwani and M.B. al-Shaqfa, Dar al-qalam, Damascus 1424/2003; Faysal = Faysal al-tafriqa bayn al-islam wa-l-zandaqa, ed. Mahmud Biju, Damascus 1993/1413 Ihya' = Ihya' 'ulum al-din, 5 vols., al-Maktaba al-tawfiqiyya, Cairo n.d.; Iljam = Iljam al-'awamm 'an 'ilm al-kalam, in: Majmu'at Rasa'il al-Imam al-Ghazali, ed. Ibrahim Amin Muhammad, al-Maktaba al-Tawfiqiya, Cairo n.d., pp. 319-355; Imla' = al-Imla' fi ishkalat al-Ihya', appended to Ihya', V:282-326; Iqtisad = al-Iqtisad fi al-i'tiqad, ed. I.A. Çubukçu and H. Atay, Ankara 1962; Jawahir = Jawahir al-Qur'an, ed. Rashid Rida al-Qabbani, Dar ihya' al-'ulum, Beirut 1411/1990; Kimiya = Kimiya-ye sa'adat, ed. Hoseyn Khadiv Jam, 2 vols., Sherkat-e Entesharat-e 'elmi va farhangi, Tehran 1383sh/2004; Laduniya = al-Risala al-Laduniya, Maragha MS, facsimile edition in: Nasrollah Pourjavady, Majmu'e-ye falsafi-ye Maraghe, Markaz-e Nashre daneshgahi, Tehran 1380sh/2001, pp. 100-120; Makatib = Makatib-e farsi-ye Ghazzali be-nam-e Fada'il al-anam min rasa'il Hujjat al-islam, ed. 'Abbas Eqbal, Tehran 1333sh/1954; Maqasid = Maqasid al-falasifa, ed. M.S. al-Kurdi, Cairo 1355/1936; Maqsad = al-Maqsad al-asna fi sharh ma'ani asma' Allah al-Husna, ed. F.A. Shehadi, Beirut 1971; Mishkat = al-Ghazali, The Niche of Lights, ed. and tr. D. Buchman, Brigham Young University Press, Provo, UT 1998; Mi'yar = Mantiq Tahafut al-falasifa almusamma Mi'yar al-'ilm, ed. S. Dunya, Dar al-ma'arif, Cairo 1961; Mizan = Mizan al-'amal, ed. S. Dunya, Cairo 1964; Munqidh = al-Munqidh min 2 Alexander TREIGER Dîvân 2 0 1 1 / 1 2 veiling" in the Revival of the Religious Sciences and the "science of the cognition of God" in the Jewels of the Qur'an.
2011
From the very first revelation, it is clear to us that a focus on mastery of science has been given by Islam through the Glorious Qur’an. Indeed, there are many more verses in the Qur’an that provide scientific encouragement for Muslims to master this branch of knowledge. While the Qur’an does contain many scientific verses in nature, this does not mean that the Qur’an is a book of science. Instead, the Qur’an is a book of signs for those who think and understand. This paper looks at the significance of science and scientific thought in Islam, and the lessons that can be learnt from the Qur’an and the Islamic Civilisation with regards to the development of science and scientific thought. This paper also looks at how the Qur’an provides inspiration to Muslim scientists to further their research in their respective scientific fields.