Fault observability in distributed power system (original) (raw)
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Fault Location in Distribution Network Based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
The Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty
Nowadays, phasor measurement units have many applications in the power network. Fault location using the network’s impedance matrix and phasor measurement units (PMU) is a subject that has been recently brought to the location light. In this research, we review the effect of the increased number of PMUs on the precision of the fault location. The method presented in this study uses the impedance transferring between these units and the fault location based on the fault distance. In the suggested method, the uncertainty on the network’s parameters has been considered and using the least-squares of faults, we can obtain the most optimal response. The advantage of this method is that it is not affected by the fault type and resistance of the short connection. In the end, the suggested method is implemented on the 14 bus distribution network and its performance has been evaluated.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
This paper introduces an algorithm able to detect and localize the occurrence of a fault in an Active Distribution Network, using the measurements collected by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). First, a basic algorithm that works under the assumption that all grid buses are equipped with a PMU is designed. Then, formal observability conditions that allow detection and localization with a reduced number of PMUs are provided. Based on these conditions, the algorithm is extended to perform correctly when not all network buses are monitored. Moreover, an Optimal Positioning Algorithm, always based on the observability conditions, is designed. This algorithm allows the user to customize the fault localization resolution. The approach is validated through simulations carried out on a benchmark active distribution network.
Complete power distribution system representation and state determination for fault location
The impedance-based approaches for fault location in power distribution systems determine a faulted line section. Next, these require of the voltages and currents at one or both section line ends to exactly determine the fault location. It is a challenge because in most of the power distribution systems, measurements are only available at the main substation. This document presents a modeling proposal for the power distribution system and an easy implementation method to estimate the voltages and currents at the faulted line section, using the measurements at the main substation, the line, load, transformer parameters and other serial and shunt connected devices and the power system topology. The approach here proposed is tested using a fault locator based on superimposed components, where the distance estimation error is lower than 1.5% in all of the cases.
Transmission Network Fault Location Observability With Minimal PMU Placement
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006
This paper presents a concept of fault-location observability and a new fault-location scheme for transmission networks based on synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs). Using the proposed scheme, minimal PMUs are installed in existing power transmission networks so that the fault, if it occurs, can be located correctly in the network. The scheme combines the fault-location algorithm and the fault-side selector. Extensive simulation results verify the proposed scheme.
International journal of smart sensors and ad hoc networks, 2012
This paper present a method to find minimum number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) for complete observability of power system network for normal operating conditions.A linear algorithm is used to determine the minimum number of PMUs needed to make the system observable without considering zero injection buses. For state estimation and fault diagnosis in power system synchronized snapshot of whole system must be necessary. The proposed method is used to benchmark the optimal PMUs placement solution for the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 18-bus, IEEE 24-bus, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus test systems.
Multi-Criteria PMU Placement for Observability of Power Systems
Power and Energy Systems, 2013
This paper proposes a methodology for optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) both in the presence and absence of conventional measurements. Multiple objectives such as the minimization of the total number of PMUs, maximization of the measurement redundancy, and minimization of the condition number of the gain matrix are considered. The proposed methodologies are applied on IEEE 14-bus, 24-bus, 30bus, 57-bus and 118-bus test systems.
Optimal Placement of PMU for Power SystemObservability
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Energy, 2014
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a relatively new technology that, when employed in power networks, offers real-time synchronised measurements of the voltages at buses and currents along the lines that connect them. This is accomplished by using a GPS based monitoring system which facilitates time synchronisation of measurements and unlike SCADA, makes the measured data available in Real-Time format. SCADA is not able to provide Real-time data due to the low speeds at which RTUs (Remote Terminal Units) provide data. Availability of time-stamped phasor measurements makes PMUs preferable for power system monitoring and control applications such as State Estimation, Instability Prediction Analysis, Real time monitoring of the system conditions, Islanding Detection, System Restoration and Bad Data Detection. Since PMUs are expensive, their procurement and installation needs to be planned both in terms of economy and utility. Usually utilities like to see that the power network becomes f...
Power system observability with minimum phasor measurement units placement
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 2013
This paper presents optimal phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement algorithms for power system observability. The optimal placement problem (OPP) is formulated such that minimizing the number of PMU installations for full network observability. Three approaches, in this paper, are introduced aiming at reducing the computational burden in Optimal Placement problems. Depth First Search, Simulated Annealing and Minimum Spanning Tree as well as their differences and relations are discussed in details. The OPP methodologies applied include the system observablility during normal operating conditions, as well as during single branch forced outages. In order to improve the speed of convergence, an initial PMU placement is provided by graph-theoretic procedure. The IEEE 14-bus, 118-bus standard test power systems and New England 39-bus test systems are used for simulation purposes.