Determination of total Aflatoxins and Carbamate Pesticide Residues in Some Bee Honey Samples Using QuEChERS Method and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (original) (raw)
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Pesticides contamination in Egyptian honey samples
Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2017
Honey is a natural food and widely used for its nutritional and therapeutic properties. The occurrence of pesticides in honeybees causes a potential risk for consumers. In the current study, LC-MS/MS and GC/MS methods were optimized for analysis of 46 multiclass pesticides residues in honey samples. The effect of different extraction solvents and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) purification on the analytical methods performance were investigated. Acetonitrile performed better than ethyl acetate in terms of method efficiency and decreasing of matrix effects, while DSPE was effective in reducing matrix effect. The analytical methods were validated according to European Commission guidelines, in terms of accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, linearity, LOD and LOQ. The methods were applied to 52 honey samples collected from northern and southern governorates of Egypt. Detectable levels of penconazole, difenoconazole, metalaxyl and carbofuran residues were found, in the range of 3-30 lg/kg, in 14 % of the samples. These results indicate that the tested honey samples are safe for human consumption, taking into account the effect of environmental conditions of the honey's production region on the pesticides contamination levels.
Study of aflatoxin B 1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus in bee pollen of Greek
Mycotoxin Research, 2010
Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a carcinogenic metabolite produced by certain Aspergillus species such as A. parasiticus and A. flavus. The beneficial properties of bee pollen have transformed this commodity into an increasingly frequent component of the human diet. As bee pollen is a substrate on which aflatoxigenic fungi can grow, AFB 1 production is likely. In the present study, we describe a method for aflatoxin B 1 determination in bee pollen utilising high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FD). The recovery factor of the method was found to be 111% (RSD% 1.61), while the detection limit (LOD) was 0.08 ng AFB 1 /g. An additional aim of this study was to investigate the growth of A. parasiticus and AFB 1 production in bee pollen. Results indicated that no mycelial growth was observed and no AFB 1 was detected in bee pollen samples containing natural microbiota throughout the entire observation period (20 days). In contrast, AFB 1 production in treated bee pollen samples (15 g pollen/flask) inoculated with A. parasiticus was significantly higher (p≤0.05) compared to control samples (treated but not inoculated) throughout the entire incubation period, while no mycelial growth was apparent. Maximum production was observed on the 12th day (79.29 ng AFB 1 /flask and 32.44 ng AFB 1 /flask for inoculated and non-inoculated bee pollen, respectively). As a result, AFB 1 production in bee pollen is likely even following a minor contamination, which could occur randomly.
Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 2010
Serial concentrations of three unprocessed honey (mountain; nuwara clover and citrus) samples from Egypt, were evaluated for their ability to act as antimicrobial activity against fifteen fungal species including toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and four Gram positive and five Gram negative pathogenic bacterial isolates. Also, investigation of inhibitory action of aflatoxins production by A. flavus and A. parasiticus was studied. 90% and 100% concentrations of three honeys used, exhibited high ability to inhibit the growth of most of fungal and bacterial isolates. Mountain honey was the best honey. It showed antimicrobial activity followed by citrus then nuwara clover honey. However, 80% concentration from only mountain honey showed antimicrobial activity while all other honey concentrations prepared did not show any ability to reduce the growth of all fungal and bacterial isolates tested. As well as, no aflatoxins were produced at 100% concentration of three honeys used, while great reduction of aflatoxins production was detected after treatment with 90% concentration of all honeys. Moderated effect on toxins production was reported by 80% concentration and little inhibition was obtained at 70% honey concentration. Other honey concentrations (10% to 60%) showed opposite effect on aflatoxins production, where the amounts of toxins were increased. Mountain honey was the best, which showed ability to inhibit the production of aflatoxins by both of A. flavus and A. parasiticus followed by nuwara clover then citrus honey.
Study of aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus in bee pollen of Greek origin
Mycotoxin Research, 2010
Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a carcinogenic metabolite produced by certain Aspergillus species such as A. parasiticus and A. flavus. The beneficial properties of bee pollen have transformed this commodity into an increasingly frequent component of the human diet. As bee pollen is a substrate on which aflatoxigenic fungi can grow, AFB 1 production is likely. In the present study, we describe a method for aflatoxin B 1 determination in bee pollen utilising high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FD). The recovery factor of the method was found to be 111% (RSD% 1.61), while the detection limit (LOD) was 0.08 ng AFB 1 /g. An additional aim of this study was to investigate the growth of A. parasiticus and AFB 1 production in bee pollen. Results indicated that no mycelial growth was observed and no AFB 1 was detected in bee pollen samples containing natural microbiota throughout the entire observation period (20 days). In contrast, AFB 1 production in treated bee pollen samples (15 g pollen/flask) inoculated with A. parasiticus was significantly higher (p≤0.05) compared to control samples (treated but not inoculated) throughout the entire incubation period, while no mycelial growth was apparent. Maximum production was observed on the 12th day (79.29 ng AFB 1 /flask and 32.44 ng AFB 1 /flask for inoculated and non-inoculated bee pollen, respectively). As a result, AFB 1 production in bee pollen is likely even following a minor contamination, which could occur randomly.
Detection of Carbamates in Honeybees and Bee-products of Karnataka State
Honeybee species like A. cerana, A. dorsata and A. florea are well distributed in Karnataka state. Monitoring of pesticides by honeybees and their products as biological indicators is of great importance because of their toxicity to human beings and potential hazard. The monitoring of pesticide residues in honey helps to assess the potential risk to consumers’ health, providing information on the pesticides used in the field crops. The indiscriminate use of pesticides in the agro ecosystems is the major environmental health concern. In the present investigation, 253 samples of honeybees, honey, pollen, brood and wax were collected in different zones of Karnataka during 2010-2013. The concentration of three pesticides like carbaryl carbofuran and methomyl belonging to carbamate group was determined through HPLC. Twenty samples were contaminated of which carbofuran and methomyl were detected in 16 and four samples respectively. Carbamates have one of the highest acute toxicities to humans among pesticides widely used on agri-horticultural crops due to its activity as a cholinesterase inhibitor and neurotoxicity. The study revealed that the agro and forest ecosystems of Karnataka has not been contaminated with high degree of pesticide residues as indicated by the bees and bee products except very low concentration in few areas of the state. There is an urgent need to monitor bee pollinator health as they are indispensible organism in the ecosystem and contributing for increased crop production and food security.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2020
Honey is a complex foodstuff found in nature which is used without any processing. Honey has been in use in medicine as well as raw food since ancient times. Essentially, it is a blend of sugars especially fructose and glucose. The objectives of the study were to determine major sugar composition as well as pesticides contamination in honey samples. Further, Hydroxy-methyl-furfuraldehyde (HMF) level was also determined to ascertain the freshness of honey samples. A total of 14 samples were collected from local market and tested for fructose, glucose, sucrose, HMF and organochlorine pesticides using HPLC and GC-MS techniques respectively. The total sugars in the 14 honey samples were found ranging between 50.26 and 74.74 g/100 g of honey. The chromatographic results showed the presence of the sugars like fructose and glucose in all honey samples. The honey sample SH-11 was found to contain the highest amount of fructose (40.63%). On the other hand, the lowest amount of fructose with 29.08% was observed in SH-7. The HPLC analysis also revealed the presence of sucrose in two samples but under the permissible limit. The average ratio of fructose to glucose in these honey samples was 1.3. None of the sample has ratio below 1.0 indicating lesser chances for honey to crystallize on storage. Out of 14 honey samples, 13 samples were found negative for the presence of any of the 63 pesticides tested. Only sample No. 13, was found to contain 15.95 ppb hexachlorobenzene per kilogram of honey. The HMF was not detected in four samples but in remaining samples it was well below the maximum permissible limit. No pesticide and sugar adulteration was observed in any of the honey samples. The honeys collected from Saudi Arabian markets were found to confirm the standards set by the regional and international standardization organization, the GSO and Codex Alimentarius Commission respectively.
Chromatographic-based methods for pesticide determination in honey: An overview
Talanta, 2007
Nowadays the control of pesticides in honey is an issue of primary health importance as consequence of the increasing content of these chemicals in the aforementioned matrix. This poisoning has led to the worldwide increasing loss of bees since 1995. From Europe to Canada, scientist, beekeepers and chemical companies disagree about the reasons that have led to colony losses higher than 50% in some areas. This problem has become a public health issue due to the high honey worldwide consumption. The presence of pesticides in honey has been directly related to bees' mortality by some researchers through pesticide presence in (1) pollen, (2) honeycomb walls, (3) own bees and (4) honey. In this work we describe the actual state-of-the-art for pesticides determination in honey along with a review in this subject focused on sample treatments and instrumentation. Finally, future trends are also commented.
Mycotoxin Profile of Honey and Dry-Cured Meat (Kilishi) for Export in Abuja, Nigeria
Food Science and Engineering
Animal products are not immune to contaminants and could render them not safe for local consumption or unacceptable for export. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and profile of Aflatoxins (AFs), Ochratoxins (OTs) and Fumonisins (FBs) contamination in honey and dry-cured meat (kilishi) intended for export in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. Ninety (90) samples of each animal product were collected and analyzed. Mycotoxins were determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) quantitative techniques. According to the investigation, none of the honey samples for export from the FCT Abuja was positive for Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) contaminants. The occurrence of Ochratoxin A (OTA) was most prevalent in the samples of honey from Abuja East, but with the greatest average concentration (62.87 μg/Kg) in the samples from Abuja South. In samples from the Abuja South zone, the prevalence of AFB1 and AFB2 in the kilishi was relatively hi...
Foods, 2020
Monitoring contaminant residues in honey helps to avoid risks to human health, as it is a natural product widely consumed in all population groups, including the most vulnerable, such as children and the elderly. This is important for organic honey production that may be negatively influenced by geographical area pollution. Considering the importance of collecting data on the occurrence of various xenobiotics in different geographical areas, this study aimed to investigate the presence of contaminant residues (persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pesticides, including glyphosate and metabolites) in organic honey samples from different production areas using different analytical methods, in order to confirm their incidence and possible impact on the food safety traits of organic production. Regarding POPs, traces of benzofluoroanthene and chrysene were detected in honey from intensive orchards and arable lands. Traces of all polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners were detected at dif...