Effects of Oxygen Availability on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (original) (raw)
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Zoological Studies, 2013
Background: In this study, we investigated transcription and enzyme level responses of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to hypoxic conditions. Genes for catalase (CAT), cytochrome P450, glutathione Stransferase (GST), metallothionein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX-1), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 were selected for study. Transcriptional changes were investigated in mussels exposed to hypoxia for 24 and 48 h and were compared to changes in control mussels maintained at normal oxygen levels. Activities of CAT, GST, and SOD enzymes, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also investigated in mussels following exposure to hypoxia for 24, 48, and 72 h. Results: Relative to the control group, the CAT activity decreased in all hypoxia treatments, while the activity of GST significantly increased in mussels exposed to hypoxia for 24 and 48 h, but decreased in those exposed for 72 h. The LPO levels were significantly higher in mussels in the 24-and 48-h hypoxia treatments than those in the control mussels, but there was no significant change in the SOD activities among all hypoxia treatments. Messenger RNA levels for the CAT, cytochrome P450, GST, metallothionein, and SOD genes were not significantly affected by hypoxic conditions for 48 h, but the expressions of the COX-1 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 genes were significantly repressed in mussels in both the 24-and 48-h exposure treatments.
Vratsistas A, Vafidis D, Exadactylos A, Feidantsis K, Michaelidis B, 2016
In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that adaptation of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to high temperature is associated with the regulation of the oxidative stress through activation of antioxidant enzymatic defense mechanisms. We exposed a bivalve mollusk species Mytilus galloprovincialis to long term (30 days) different temperatures (18-30°C) in laboratory conditions and we examined the different production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the induction of the main antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). Our results showed that SOD activities in the posterior adductor muscle (PAM) were significantly decreased in higher temperatures reaching a 4 fold change at 26°C in 30 days of acclimation, while the enzymatic activity of CAT was substantially induced going up threefold at both 24°C and 26°C during the course of the experiment. GR activity levels followed an increasing trend at both 24°C and 26°C during the experiment with a dramatic increase at the 5th day where the activities reached a peak at both temperatures. There is a clear induction of oxidative stress through increased production of ROS in PAM due to high temperatures while the levels and the oscillations of the enzymatic activities should be examined further through a bigger, metabolic framework.
Aquatic Toxicology, 2004
In the present work, we investigated in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) the seasonal variations in the activity of several enzymes, which participate in the cellular defence system that is involved in the adaptive response of organisms to pollution. The activity levels of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and three isoforms of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase in gills and digestive glands of this bivalve species were used as biomarkers. Adult wild mussels were collected in Le Havre harbour (north-west coast of France) from four sites with different environmental conditions. Measurements of enzymatic activities were performed on tissue homogenates except for Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase for which the activity of each isoform was detected on gel after isoelectric focusing. Seasonal variations in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed, characterized by low activity levels during winter, a period where oxidative stress is known to be high in bivalves. A clear-cut discrepancy between tissues was noted concerning inter-individual variability of data, which was low in gills but high in digestive gland, leading to the conclusion that gills could preferentially be used in biomonitoring studies dealing with oxidative stress in the blue mussel. As compared to animals from the reference site, mussels from the most polluted sites exhibited changes in the Cu/Znsuperoxide dismutase pattern characterized by an increase in the activity of the more acidic isoform without significant variation of the total activity of the enzyme. The most striking data were recorded in mussels collected at the outlet of a thermoelectric power plant. When compared to animals from the reference site, not only their gills showed a highly significant induction of the most acidic isoform of the Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (+340%, P < 0.001) but also high levels of glutathione S-transferase activity (+269%, P < 0.001). This study points out the usefulness of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase expression pattern as a biomarker of exposure to environmental stress rather than measurement of total activity of the enzyme, in field studies using Mytilus edulis. selecting a battery of biomarkers for evaluating the impact of contamination on marine organisms.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology, 2005
Physiological responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis against environmental dissolved oxygen partial pressure ( pO 2 ) variation were studied in terms of the modulated induction of the main antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and seleniumdependent glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Field in vivo studies were performed at two sites of the Lagoon of Venice, characterized by different aquatic environmental conditions implying different pO 2 . SOD and GPX are more active in gills, and their complementary role is discussed. CAT is more active in the digestive gland, where the enzyme dismutates H 2 O 2 derived from divalent reduction of O 2 performed by various oxidases in peroxisomes. Antioxidant enzyme activities are correlated with water dissolved oxygen (DO), especially in the gills. This tissue, because of its anatomical localization and its physiological role, responds to DO variations modulating the induction of the antioxidant enzymes as a protection mechanism against potential toxicity due to increases in ROS formation. D
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology, 2005
Physiological responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis against environmental dissolved oxygen partial pressure ( pO 2 ) variation were studied in terms of the modulated induction of the main antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and seleniumdependent glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Field in vivo studies were performed at two sites of the Lagoon of Venice, characterized by different aquatic environmental conditions implying different pO 2 . SOD and GPX are more active in gills, and their complementary role is discussed. CAT is more active in the digestive gland, where the enzyme dismutates H 2 O 2 derived from divalent reduction of O 2 performed by various oxidases in peroxisomes. Antioxidant enzyme activities are correlated with water dissolved oxygen (DO), especially in the gills. This tissue, because of its anatomical localization and its physiological role, responds to DO variations modulating the induction of the antioxidant enzymes as a protection mechanism against potential toxicity due to increases in ROS formation. D
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2007
The present study aimed to develop a method of quantification of heat shock protein transcript levels in the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis. For that, the fulllength cDNA of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (Ea-grp78) and the cytosolic 90-kDa heat shock protein (Ea-hsp90A) from this species have been cloned. These cDNA revealed, respectively, 2,370 and 2,299 bp with 1,971 and 2,124 bp open reading frames encoding 656 and 707 amino acids. Main features, sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis with other species were described. Then, the expression profiles were analysed using reverse transcription/ real-time quantitative PCR method from copepods subjected to different thermic and osmotic stresses in laboratory, and from copepods directly sampled into the natural population of the Seine Estuary (France) along a salinity gradient. Thermic shock (7.5°C, 22.5°C and 30°C during 90 min) significantly induced increases of transcript quantities ranged between 1.7-and 19.7-fold the levels observed in control conditions (15°C). Hypo-and hyper-osmotic shocks (salinities of 1 and 30 during 90 min) caused a 2-fold induction of Ea-hsp90A transcript level in comparison to controls (salinity of 15) whereas no significant change was measured for Ea-grp78. On the other hand, similar expression profiles were observed for the two transcripts after 72 h of exposition to salinities of 1 and 25 with a significant 2fold induction observed for the lower salinity. To finish, strong expression inductions of both Ea-grp78 and Ea-hsp90A genes were observed in field copepods sampled at low salinity during the campaigns of June 2009 and May 2010. These results tend to show that the low salinity and the increase of temperature seem to have a synergic effect on stress condition of copepods.
201310-Expressions of oxidative stress-related genes-ZS
Background: In this study, we investigated transcription and enzyme level responses of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to hypoxic conditions. Genes for catalase (CAT), cytochrome P450, glutathione Stransferase (GST), metallothionein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX-1), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 were selected for study. Transcriptional changes were investigated in mussels exposed to hypoxia for 24 and 48 h and were compared to changes in control mussels maintained at normal oxygen levels. Activities of CAT, GST, and SOD enzymes, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also investigated in mussels following exposure to hypoxia for 24, 48, and 72 h. Results: Relative to the control group, the CAT activity decreased in all hypoxia treatments, while the activity of GST significantly increased in mussels exposed to hypoxia for 24 and 48 h, but decreased in those exposed for 72 h. The LPO levels were significantly higher in mussels in the 24-and 48-h hypoxia treatments than those in the control mussels, but there was no significant change in the SOD activities among all hypoxia treatments. Messenger RNA levels for the CAT, cytochrome P450, GST, metallothionein, and SOD genes were not significantly affected by hypoxic conditions for 48 h, but the expressions of the COX-1 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 genes were significantly repressed in mussels in both the 24-and 48-h exposure treatments.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2000
This study describes a novel approach to the objective of identifying a suitable biomarker of oxidative-stress in marine animals and evaluates an established assay under controlled experimental conditions in vivo and in vitro. Live animals and tissue homogenates of the euryoxic blue mussel Mytilus edulis (L.), and the stenoxic smooth artemis Dosinia lupinus (L.), were exposed to oxidative-stress generated using a 60 Co g-radiation source. In live organisms, mortality-rates were significantly different between species. M. edulis showed zero mortality and D. lupinus 30% mortality over 18 h. Protein-carbonyl (PC O) content was determined by colourimetric assay (total protein-carbonyl) or immunodetection (for individual proteins) in four tissue types: digestive gland, mantle, adductor muscle and foot. In tissue homogenates, digestive gland and adductor muscle of both species showed significant increases (greater for D. lupinus) in PC O content following irradiation in vitro. All tissues from live animals (with the exception of M. edulis mantle and adductor muscle of D. lupinus which died under irradiation) showed significantly different levels of PC Os following irradiation; D. lupinus PC O levels were increased whilst in M. edulis PC O content decreased. In D. lupinus which died during irradiation, PC O content was greater than in those D. lupinus which survived, particularly in the adductor muscle, the former were inceased by 74% above controls. The findings support the hypothesis that species-specific adaptations to euryoxic and stenoxic environments, and metabolic requirements of different tissues, should result in differing ROS defences.
Journal of Experimental Marine …, 2010
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American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2020
Long-term exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to temperatures beyond 26°C triggers mussel mortality. The present study aimed to integratively illustrate the correlation between intermediary metabolism, hsp gene expression, and oxidative stress-related proteins in long-term thermally stressed Mytilus galloprovincialis and whether they are affected by thermal stress magnitude and duration. We accordingly evaluated the gene expression profiles, in the posterior adductor muscle (PAM) and the mantle, concerning heat shock protein 70 and 90 ( hsp70 and hsp90), and the antioxidant defense indicators Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and the metallothioneins mt-10 and mt-20. Moreover, we determined antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress through lipid peroxidation, and activities of intermediary metabolism enzymes. The pattern of changes in relative mRNA expression levels indicate that mussels are able to sense thermal stress even when exposed to 22°C and bef...