Protein Level and Efficiency of Feed Mixture for Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) (original) (raw)
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This experiment aimed to determine the optimum dietary protein level for common carp fry (Cyprinus carpio L.), with the average initial body weight of 2,98 g ±0,05 g (W) and the total length of 5,42±1,17mm (TL). The experiment was conducted for 31 days in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The fish were divided into four experimental groups, in duplicate: V1-30% crude protein and 7% lipids, V2-44% crude protein and 22% lipids, V3-45% crude protein and 16% lipids, and V4-50% crude protein and 14% lipids.Weight gain (WG) and SGR significantly increased (p<0.05) as dietary protein levels increased.Feed conversion recorded the best values at 50% protein diets, the values being considerably lower than those from V1, V2,and V3 variants. Based on the obtained data, it was estimated that the optimal level of protein for fry carps weighing between 2,9 g and 7 g was 50%.
Replacing fish meal with alternative protein sources in common carp’s feed
Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis, 2018
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PL68 and soybean meal as alternative protein sources in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The experiment lasted for four weeks. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the final weight and HSI between treatments. There were no significant differences for feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, condition factor, and fillet weight between groups. The flesh color parameters, pH values and water losses (dripping loss, thawing loss, and cooking loss) did not show any significant differences between the three dietary treatments. In conclusion the result of this study showed that PL68 and soybean meal can partially replace fishmeal in common carp’s diet without any adverse effect on growth but further research is needed to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of PL68.
Protein sources and their significance in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) nutrition
Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade, 2011
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most widely cultured fish species in the world. It is predominantly cultivated in the Balkans in the semiintensive system that is based on the utilization of natural food from the fish pond and supplemental feed (cereals, pelleted and extruded feed). Currently, an intensified type of semi-intensive production is starting to be more present in Serbia, where cereals, as the most common supplemental feed, are replaced by concentrated feed that fill in the lack of proteins from carps? natural food in periods of its decreased production. The nutritional requirements for growth, reproduction and normal physiological functions of fish are similar to other animals, but generally fish need more proteins in their diet. Due to this, the efficiency in the use and utilization of proteins is more significant for fish than for other animals. The selection of supplemental feed in semi-intensive system of fish culture depends on the natural potential of th...
Indian Journal of Fisheries, 2015
A marine protein mixture of fish, squid, shrimp and clam meal in equal proportion was incorporated at different levels in the diets formulated and designated as P16, P19, P26, P33, P40, P47, P53 and P59 for koi carp. Triplicate groups of 10 fish each were fed with the experimental diets for 12 weeks and assessed for growth and body composition. On physical evaluation of the extruded feeds, above 80% dry matter retention for 4 h was evident in feeds P26 to P47. Feeds with more starch (wheat) P19 and P16 had stability of more than 90% and feeds with less starch, P53 and P59 had a stability of less than 70%. The body tissue of the experimental animals fed with P59 and P53 had significantly (p<0.05) high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Total ash in the body decreased with proportionate decrease in nutrient density. Biomass gain was similar with feeds P33, P40, P47 and P53. Growth as a function of incremental levels of marine protein mixtures in diet was linear. Diets co...
Aquaculture, 1997
A laboratory growth trial was conducted to evaluate the suitability of various oilseed cakes and leucaena leaf meal as dietary protein sources for common carp fry (mean + SE weight, 50 k 1.6 mg). Eleven experimental diets were formulated containing different levels of mustard, sesame, linseed, copra and groundnut oil cakes and leucaena leaf meal to substitute for fish meal protein up to a maximum of 75% of the total protein content. Sesame oil cake was tested at three inclusion levels (25, 50 and 75% of total protein), whereas mustard (25 and 50%), linseed (25 and 50%) and groundnut (25 and 75%) oil cakes were each tested at two levels. Copra and leucaena were tested at one inclusion level (25% of total protein) only. The control diet was prepared with fish meal as the sole source of protein. All diets were isonitrogenous and contained about 40% protein. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory recirculation system with three replications for each treatment. The performances of the diets were evaluated on the basis of feed acceptability, survival, growth, feed conversion, protein utilisation, protein digestibility, body composition and histopathological changes. The results of the study showed that growth and performance were significantly affected by the type of plant protein as well as level of inclusion. There was no significant (P > 0.05) variation in the observed growth responses and feed conversion ratios among the control diet and the diets containing 25% linseed and 25% groundnut oil cakes. The diet containing 25% leucaena meal showed the poorest performance. Similar trends were also observed for protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilisation. Apparent protein
PLANT ARCHIVES, 2021
The study was conducted for the period 25/8/2019 and for 25/11/2019 in fish laboratory / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad to definition effect of using cooked fish offal meals and heat and solar dried intent on diets of common carp fish. 126 fingerlings with an average initial weight of 24.5 ± 0.5 g / biomass were randomly distributed to nine feeding treatments by two replicates per treatment and by seven fingerlings per replicate. Equal Nine protein and energy feeds were formulation approximately with different proportions of addition of fish offal meals (%10, %24). Respectively for all treatments except the control treatment that was free of addition and included T2, T3: thermally dried cooked offal meal and T4, T5: sun-dried, cooked offal meal and T6, T7: thermally dried un cooked offal meal and T8, T9: sun dried un cooked offal meal. The results indicated that the T4 treatment was the best laboratory treatment, and there were significant differences (P <0.01) were recorded with the control treatment T1 and the rest of the other treatments in the growth and diet criteria, We conclude from the present study to the possibility of using Fish offal meal cooked and sun-dried at a rate of %10 as a source of animal protein in diets of common carp fish without negative effects on the efficiency of nutrition, growth and at the lowest nutritional costs.
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2023
This research was carried out to investigate the extraction of a protein concentrate from the viscera of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. to use as a partial substitute for fish meal in the diets of young common carp and to test its effect on growth indices and feeding efficiency. Two methods were adopted to extract the protein concentrate; physical method and chemical. Proximate composition of raw fish wastes, fish protein concentrates and different experimental feeds were analysed and several parameters of fish feeding and growth efficiency of cultured fish were studied. Fish were fed with a formulated diet for 60 days. The protein concentrate extracted by physical method was selected to prepare experimental diets for its higher yield. Four diets with substitution ratios of 0, 25%, 50% and 75% of fish meal were prepared. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the experimental feeds as to total weight gain rates, specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV). The study concluded the possibility of partial replacement of fish meal up to 50% in the diets of young common carp without any significant deleterious influence on feeding and growth indices or noticeable adverse effect on cultured fish.
Growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings fed with various protein levels
Aacl Bioflux, 2015
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the most used freshwater species in aquaculture worldwide. The species and its subspecies have very good skills for farm production system breeding. Although nutritional aspects of energy and protein needs were fairly well studied and enshrined, new trends proposes a “live food” nutrition and sustainable breeding of the species, with the best capitalization of the local resources. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) proposed two decades ago a manual on the production of live food for aquaculture, but few applications were recorded, mainly because of competition with intensive and semi-intensive breeding systems. Romania is natural range of C. carpio distribution and has a long tradition in carp breeding. Moreover, traditional fish farms which practice an extensive breeding could easily use natural resources of live food. Three types of fodder have been used to feed indigenous carp fingerlings, from which one is 10...
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2016
Aquaculture, as a promising food industry, is expected to meet the demand for quality food from the increasing human population. As the diet is critical for feeding farm fish, such a faster growth in the industry is destined to create stress in the fishmeal market to supply diets to the tune. In this context, here, we studied the protein content of 20 plant ingredients, including aquatic weeds, cereals, pulses and oil-cakes using micro-Kjeldahl method and evaluated in vitro digestibility of these ingredients for rohu Labeo rohita and common carp Cyprinus carpio using pH-Stat method. The protein contents of water fern, duckweed, almond oil-cake and soybean product were 20.81, 39.75, 47.78 and 57.48%, respectively. Species-specific digestibility was found for the same plant ingredient. The degree of hydrolysis for water fern, duck weed, almond oil-cake and soybean product were 14.17, 4.80, 17.30 and 3.57%, respectively for rohu and 4.58, 6.03, 12.17 and 3.35%, respectively for common ...