The Effect on Production Loss of Dental Disorders in Adult Goats * (original) (raw)
Related papers
2012
Matebele goats were slaughtered at different state of permanent incisors eruption 1 st pair (I 1)(237records), 2 nd pair (I 2)(312 records), 3 rd pair (I 3)(237records), 4 th pair (I 4)(232), Broken Mouth (BM)(214) and Smooth Mouth (SM)(218) over a period of 15 years (1989-2004) and analysed for carcass performance. Performance parameters and weight of organs as a percentage of empty body weight (EBW) containing the effects of number of permanent incisors at I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , I 4, , BM and SM were analysed using the General Linear Models. Live weight averaged 21.57 kg ± 0.02, 27.01± 0.02 kg, 28.40± 0.02 kg, 28.88± 0.02 kg, 36.92± 0.02 kg and 37.33± 0.02 kg for goats slaughtered at I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , I 4, ,, BM and SM, respectively. There was a significant (p<0.01) difference in slaughter weight at different periods of permanent incisors teeth eruptions. The goats slaughtered at I 1 and I 2 had significantly heavier hot carcass mass, cold carcass mass and rib barrel than those slaughtered I 3 , I 4, , BM and SM. The goats slaughtered at I 3 had the highest dressing percentage and goats slaughtered at BM had the lowest dressing percentage (DP). For external non-carcass components, the proportion of the head did not change but it was the feet proportion that increased markedly from I 1 to I 3 which coincided with the decrease in pelt. The proportion of hind barrel, head and kidney fat seemed to be constant. There was a significant (p< 0.01) difference between mesenteric fat amongst teeth groups, which increased with increasing number of permanent incisors eruption representing age increase. The lower proportion of non-carcass components in I 3 may have contributed to a higher DP.
SUMMARY This work examined phenotypic expressions in the anatomy of the mandible and maxillofacial region of the Red Sokoto and Sahel goats in Nigeria. The infraorbital foramen was placed above premolar two (PM2) in Red Sokoto but above premolar one (PM1) in Sahel. The Red Sokoto displayed interdigital septa (ruggae) which entered into mediolateral depressions of the opposing mandible but this was less prominent in the Sahel. Dental abnormalities were more pronounced in the Red Sokoto on the maxilla and mandibular rows. The facial and mandibular tuberosities were more prominent in the Red Sokoto goat and found to be more conspicuous in this breed with dental abnormalities. There was no significant difference between Calcium and Phosphorus in the craniofacial bones of goats with dental abnormalities compared to those without dental abnormalities in both breeds and in conclusion we thus suggest that the harsh environmental conditions of arid North West may be a greater predisposing factor for the negative dental profile of the Red Sokoto breed.
2010
Criteria developed to distinguish between the mandibles and mandibular teeth of sheep and goats are evaluated using modern specimens from the collections of the National Museum of Natural History and the Field Museum of Natural History. Certain teeth prove to be quite reliable in this regard (dP3, P3, P4). Other dental elements, however, are not reliable and should not be used in dental based identifications of these closely related species (dP4, M1, and mandibular bones). Overall, the identification of sheep dentition using these criteria is more reliable than it is for goats. However, the generally greater likelihood of incorrect identification of goat teeth and mandibles means that specimens identified as sheep are likely to contain high proportion of misidentified goats. Both the proportion of remains that can only be classified as 'Ovis-Capra' and the proportion of incorrectly identified teeth and mandibular bones varies with age, with identifications of younger and older animals less reliable than those of animals in the 1.5-6 year age range. Reliability of identifications increases when more criteria and more elements are used. Identifications based on whole mandibles with complete tooth rows are quite reliable. However, the proportion of specimens likely to be classified as 'Ovis-Capra' also increases in whole mandible identifications, especially in goats. Systematic differences in the proportions of indeterminate and incorrect identifications have a significant impact on species-level dentition-based harvest profiles. Recommendations are made for the use of dentition and long bone based harvest profiles in the study of sheep and goat exploitation strategies.
Grender and tooth wear effects on diets of grazing goats
Small Ruminant Research
Diet selection by bucks and does and the diet of goats with unworn and worn tooth are described from microhistologicalanalysis of fecal samples in a Chihuahuan desert range of northern Mexico. In the rainy season bucks had more (P<0.05) shrubs in their diet tan does (78 - 37% versus 58 - 35%), but in the dry season the diet of does contained a substantially higher (P<0.05) proportion of shrub (85 - 49%) tha bucks (69 -23%).
A New Method of Tooth Mesowear and a Test of it on Domestic Goats
Annales Zoologici Fennici, 2014
Mesowear III is a new form of mesowear that uses separately the mesial and distal surfaces of enamel band 2 of the upper second molar to differentiate between a browsing and a grazing diet. The enamel band of browsers is flat and planar, in grazers it contains gouges and sub-facets which eventually become round. Mesowear III scores these shapes on a scale 1-4; score 1 represents the typical browser and score 4 represents a typical grazer. Differences in diet can also be studied by observing the junction between the mesial and distal side of the enamel band (j point); the j point is sharper and well defined in browsers, while it is rounder or non-existent in grazers. Wild browsers, grazers, and mixed feeders separate well using mesowear III. The wild taxa data were similar to mesowear III of experimental goats that were fed a controlled grazing or browsing diet (species of plants known). In addition, the browsing versus the grazing goat mesowear III signal becomes more distinct from each other by 40 days of feeding. Mesowear III so far gives a finer signal than previous mesowear (I and II).
Radiographic Study on Prenatal Development of Deciduous Incisor Teeth in Goat (Capra hircus)
International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 2018
A total of 42 representative goat fetuses from 10th week of gestation to full term (CR length 12.0 cm to 41.2 cm) were utilized for the present investigation. Incisor blocks and hemisections of head were radiographed in dorso- ventral and latero-medial projection, respectively. The sequential progression of development of deciduous incisors was found as Di1, Di2, Di3, Di4. The beginning of crown formation was detected at 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th week for Di1, Di2, Di3 and Di4 in goat fetuses, respectively. The complete crown formation and beginning of root formation was detected at 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st week for Di1, Di2, Di3 and Di4, respectively. At full term, roots of all deciduous incisor teeth were at various levels of development but none had completely formed. The present investigation revealed bilateral symmetry in deciduous incisor teeth development in goat fetuses. There was no any radiographic indication for development of upper deciduous incisors as well as permanent incisor teeth in upper and lower jaw. The scientific baseline data generated from the present study on various radiographic developmental stages of deciduous incisor teeth could be utilized as guideline to estimate age in goat fetuses from 12 weeks to full term.
A Study of Dental Abnormalities of Camels in Nigeria
Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011
The camel is well adapted to life and thrives in SUMMARY Adaptation feature of the camel include its ability to feed without discretion on desert and semi desert vegetation, and to browse trees and shrubs beyond the reach of other animals. We decided to investigate if these voracious and liberal feeding skills could be at the expense of a healthy dental profile. We looked at the macerated skull of 29 camels from three different regions comprising of 15 females and 14 males. A total of 10 different types of dental and related osteologic pathologies were identified; these were attrition, gingival recession, fractured tooth, carious tooth, dental abrasion, stains, bone recession, erosions, split tooth and bone. The prevalence of attrition and gingival recession was 100%. Sexual dimorphism was seen in the expression of dental abnormalities in the camels with evidence that the abnormalities progressed more in the males. In addition regional geographical variation was observed in the seve...
Studies on dentition and oral disorders of Camels in Maiduguri Abattoir, Borno State, Nigeria
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2012
Camelus dromedarius dental disorders were surveyed using abattoir samples from Maiduguri, Nigeria. A total of 313 heads, were randomly examined. The age and sex of the heads were estimated using standard methods and disorders were observed following the split of the oral commissure. Heads with multiple disorders were counted once and of 313 heads, 114 (41.67 %) and 199 (58.33 %) were males and females, respectively. Heads aged <5 years was 18.21 %; 5-10 years, 44.41 %; and >15 years was 37.38 %. Whereas 22.61 % of the total heads had one disorder or another, 7.98 and 14.06 % of the disorders belonged to male and female heads, respectively. The prevalence rate of the disorders observed include dental tartar and calculus (5.42 %), inward rotation of incisors (2.87 %), fractured teeth (7.66 %), maleruption (0.31 %), oligodontia (0.31 %), gingivitis (4.15 %), ulcerated cheek (0.63 %), and presence of foreign body(0.31 %) in the mouth. Prevalence rate of oral-cavity abnormalities in relation to age of the total heads is 5.75, 5.11, and 10.54 % for animals <5, between 5 and 10 years, and 10-15 years, respectively. Furthermore, heads that were affected with various types of disorders are 31.58 % (<5 years of age), 11.51 % (aged 5-10 years), and 28.21 % (>15 years). The study serves as a call for increased oral-cavity health care of camels.
Management of Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Oral Lesions in Sheep
Animals, 2020
Oral disorders constitute a significant cause of weight loss in sheep. In a study of disorders of the oral cavity of 36,033 sheep from 60 meat sheep flocks in Spain, we looked for management risk factors associated with chronic oral lesions. Mandibular and maxillary disorders were assessed as an external manifestation of oral lesions by palpation, searching for tissue swellings, fistulae, or open wounds. The prevalence of flocks containing sheep with jaw disorders was 98.3%, with an average individual prevalence of 5.5%. The majority of lesions were located in in the mid-region of the mandible, and the most relevant risk factor was increasing age. Use of acidic diets based on silage and inclusion of hard foods, such as maize straw or hay, was associated with the occurrence of jaw inflammation. It was concluded that hard diets containing plant material with edges and sharp areas, plus acidic foods including silage, are more likely to cause lesions of the gingiva, enabling entry of pa...