First record of \u3ci\u3eDactylopius confusus\u3c/i\u3e (Cockerell, 1929) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Dactylopiidae) in Michoacan, Mexico (original) (raw)
Related papers
2020
Ramírez-Cruz, Arturo, González-Hernández, Héctor, Stumpf, Christof F. (2020): First record of Dactylopius confusus (Cockerell, 1929) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Dactylopiidae) in Michoacan, Mexico. Insecta Mundi 2020 (761): 1-7, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4646025
Neotropical …, 2011
The distribution pattern of species of the genus Dactylopius Costa in Mexico was analyzed in relation to the distribution of their host plants (subfamily Opuntioideae) to evaluate the speci icity of the insect-host association. The distribution of Dactylopius currently recognized is narrower than that of its hosts and probably is not representative. Therefore, a broader distribution of the Dactylopius species in correspondence with those of their hosts was hypothesized. Insects and their hosts were collected and georeferenced in 14 states of Mexico from 2005 to 2007. The distribution areas, maps, and habitat characteristics of Dactylopius, Opuntia sensu stricto, Nopalea and Cylindropuntia were determined on the basis of ield collections and examination of museum collections. This information was complemented with information from the exhaustive examination of microscope slides from a local insect collection, plants from local herbaria, and literature reviews. The current distribution of the genus Dactylopius and its hosts included 22 and 25 states of Mexico, respectively, and Dactylopius had a continuous distribution according to its hosts, broader than recognized hitherto. The new georeferenced records of the ive Mexican Dactylopius species are reported. Insects with morphological characteristics of D. confusus combined with those of D. salmianus were identi ied, as well as insects with characteristics of D. opuntiae combined with those of D. salmianus. These records suggest that the number of local Dactylopius species could be higher than previously thought or that possible new processes of hybridization between native and introduced species may be occurring. Introducti on Insects of the genus Dactylopius Costa, the cochineals, and their cacti hosts Opuntia, Nopalea, Cylindropuntia and Grusonia, are endemic to the American Continent
The distribution pattern of species of the genus Dactylopius Costa in Mexico was analyzed in relation to the distribution of their host plants (subfamily Opuntioideae) to evaluate the speciiicity of the insect-host association. The distribution of Dactylopius currently recognized is narrower than that of its hosts and probably is not representative. Therefore, a broader distribution of the Dactylopius species in correspondence with those of their hosts was hypothesized. Insects and their hosts were collected and georeferenced in 14 states of Mexico from 2005 to 2007. The distribution areas, maps, and habitat characteristics of Dactylopius, Opuntia sensu stricto, Nopalea and Cylindropuntia were determined on the basis of ield collections and examination of museum collections. This information was complemented with information from the exhaustive examination of microscope slides from a local insect collection, plants from local herbaria, and literature reviews. The current distribution of the genus Dactylopius and its hosts included 22 and 25 states of Mexico, respectively, and Dactylopius had a continuous distribution according to its hosts, broader than recognized hitherto. The new georeferenced records of the ive Mexican Dactylopius species are reported. Insects with morphological characteristics of D. confusus combined with those of D. salmianus were identiiied, as well as insects with characteristics of D. opuntiae combined with those of D. salmianus. These records suggest that the number of local Dactylopius species could be higher than previously thought or that possible new processes of hybridization between native and introduced species may be occurring.
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2009
Historical aspects on the use and production of Mexican species of Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) and Opuntia (Cactaceae: Opuntioidae), as well as on their origin, diversity and distribution were investigated. Main issues on the conservation of these taxa are discussed. The colorant of five species of Dactylopius was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, and phylogeny of these insects was analyzed through PCR amplified 12S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequences. Opuntia and Dactylopius are endemic to the American Continent, Opuntia spp. being among the main components of human diet during pre-agricultural times and their cultivation started several hundred years ago, whereas cochineal was used and probably cultivated at least from the tenth century. Mexico is one of the main areas of diversity of Opuntia, having 83-104 out of nearly 200 species worldwide. More than 50 species are used mainly as food, fodder and medicine and 20 species are cultivated with different degrees of domestication. Dactylopius includes nine species, with five of them naturally occurring in Mexico, with a distribution corresponding with that of their hosts. Arid and semi-arid areas of Mexico are among the most important reservoirs of biological diversity for both genera, particularly for D. coccus. Only D. coccus has been cultivated and domesticated but other wild species have been used throughout history as a source of natural red colorant, among other uses. The chemical analysis allowed each species to be identified on the basis of differences in their metabolic profiles, and to be recognized as a source of colorant. The first molecular analysis of Dactylopius species was obtained. These analyses were useful to describe Dactylopius-Opuntioideae host association. Specific measures for protecting such biodiversity and genetic resources are necessary. Particularly, strategies for in situ conservation associated with the promotion of cochineal use and production are promising policies.
Coccoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera) associated with Cactaceae in Argentina
J. PACD, 2001
Coccoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera), commonly called "cochineal insects", "mealybugs"or "scale insects", show a marked sexual dimorphism and display a high degree of adaptation to the parasitic life. They have adapted to become a specialised group of small phytophagous insects no more than a few millimetres in length. This paper provides more information with regard to Coccoidea species and their hosts recorded on Argentinean cacti. Six species of Dactylopiidae: Dactylopius austrinus De Lotto, Dactylopius ceylonicus (Green), Dactylopius confertus De Lotto, Dactylopius coccus Costa, Dactylopius salmianus De Lotto, and Dactylopius zimmermanni De Lotto; four species of Diaspididae: Abgrallaspis cyanophylli Signoret, Aonidomytilus albus (Cockerell), Diaspis boisduvalli Signoret, Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché); and two species from Pseudococcidae: Hypogeococcus festerianus (Lizer y Trelles) and Hypogeococcus pungens Granara de Willink, are reviewed. The characterisation and importance of the three registered families are also provided.
The cochineal scale insect, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell), is a key pest of Opuntia spp. (Plantae: Cactaceae). It reduces the plants’ useful-life and affects production of their cladodes and fruit. Chemical control is the main strategy, but it is inefficient and a risk for environment and human health. For this reason, other management strategies are required, for example biological control with entomophagous insects. To this end, the population dynamics of D. opuntiae and its predators were studied in three commercial plantations of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller cactus grown for production of tender cladodes in Tlalnepantla, Morelos. The study was conducted from February to August 2008. Weekly random samples were taken of adult females from 50 colonies in each plantation. Abiotic factors recorded in the three sites were precipitation, temperature and relative humidity. Pearson correlation indexes were determined for the pest, its predators and the abiotic factors. The entomophagous insects Leucopis bellula (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) and Sympherobius barberi (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) were the most correlated with D. opuntiae, r = 0.3931, p = 0.0005 and r = 0.3075, p = 0.0073, respectively. Relative humidity (r = -0.5648, p < 0.0001) and number of days with observable precipitation (r = -0.5621, p = 0.0189) negatively affected D. opuntiae abundance, while mean temperature favored population growth (r = 0.3899, p = 0.0039).
Range Wide Phylogeography of Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2015
The process of domestication and geographic origins of the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus Costa) has remained largely unstudied despite its importance as a global food colorant commodity. Ecological evidence supports Oaxaca Mexico as the geographic origin of this species. Other recent genetic studies have been inconclusive. Here, we fill in the remaining gaps in the ecological record and look for corroboration from mtDNA markers as to the origin of this species. We use three mtDNA genes (CO1, tRNA-Leucine, and CO2) spanning 1294 bp, along with climate niche modeling of Holocene and Pleistocene cochineal distributions. We find the center of origin of D. coccus to be Oaxaca Mexico based on mtDNA data and climate niche modeling. Further meta-genomic data are needed to rule out selective sweeps from past and present endosymbionts for these results to be definitive.
The biology of Dactylopius tomentosus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2009
Dactylopius tomentosus (Lamarck) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) is a cochineal insect whose host range is restricted to Cylindropuntia species (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae). This insect has been utilized successfully for biological control of Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw.) F.M. Knuth in Australia and South Africa. Despite this, its biology has not been studied previously, probably due to the widely held belief that the biology of all Dactylopius species is similar. This study investigated the life cycle and the morphological and reproductive characteristics of D. tomentosus. Results revealed some unique characteristics of D. tomentosus: (i) eggs undergo a much longer incubation period, an average of 17 days compared to <1 day in its congeners; (ii) eggs are laid singly but are retained as an egg mass secured in a mesh of waxy threads attached to the female; (iii) the developmental times of males and females are longer compared to other Dactylopius spp. due to a longer egg incubation p...