Effects of medical therapy, alcohol, smoking, and endocrine disruptors on male infertility (original) (raw)
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The physiology of male reproduction: Impact of drugs and their abuse on male fertility
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Infertility is the failure of a couple to achieve conception after 12 months of adequate unprotected sexual intercourse (Wiwanitkit, 2008). It is a major health challenge with social implications among couples, particularly in the tropics (Yeşilli et al., 2005). Although Mascarenhas, Cheung, Mathers, and Stevens (2012) suggested a dearth of data on the global prevalence of infertility, Boivin, Bunting, Collins, and Nygren (2007) documented that about 72.4 million couples experience fertility problems globally. This accounts for about 15% of couples (Dissanayake, Keerthirathna, & Peiris, 2019). Contrary to the popular misconception that infertility is attributable to female factor, it has been established that about 30%-50% cases of primary infertility is due to male factor (Ajayi &
The Effect of Marijuana on the Incidence and Evolution of Male Infertility: A Systematic Review
Cureus, 2021
Over the past decade, the consumption of marijuana or any other form of cannabis, whether medically, recreationally, or illegally, has been escalating worldwide. The additive effect of marijuana and the easy availability could make this increasing trend possible for imperceptible outcomes affecting one's physiology on multiple levels. The rationale of this review is to study and enumerate several effects marijuana may have on male reproductive organs, especially in men who are dealing with subfertility or infertility issues. A literature search was done from September 1, 2021, to September 14, 2021, using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), University of California, Santa Barbara Library, and PubMed Central. The studies included in this review comprised systematic reviews, crosssectional, case-control, cohort, and longitudinal studies published during 2010-2021 in the English language. After an extensive review of all studies, the quality was assessed using appropriate quality appraisal tools, and 15 eligible reports were identified and included. In-depth research on the final studies concluded that marijuana seems to have specific adverse effects on the sperm parameters, namely, sperm count, concentration, motility, morphology, capacitation, and viability, thus affecting fertility in men. Certain hormone levels, including testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, also drew attention, potentially impacting men's fertility; however, a finite inference could not be substantiated by the studies. Although the studies show significant effects in sperm parameters and organic sexual dysfunction, it is also to be noted that these studies are observational only and are conducted in small groups in multicenter geographical locations where other lifestyle patterns could be confounding. Given this restriction, it is suggested that further human trials on a larger scale be conducted to provide an even more concrete conclusion, especially after considering other factors that may affect the generalization of these trials.
Smoke, alcohol and drug addiction and male fertility
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
In recent decades, the decline in human fertility has become increasingly more worrying: while therapeutic interventions might help, they are vexing for the couple and often burdened with high failure rates and costs. Prevention is the most successful approach to fertility disorders in males and females alike. We performed a literature review on three of the most common unhealthy habitstobacco, alcohol and drug addictionand their reported effects on male fertility. Tobacco smoking is remarkably common in most first-world countries; despite a progressive decline in the US, recent reports suggest a prevalence of more than 30% in subjects of reproductive age a disturbing perspective, given the well-known ill-effects on reproductive and sexual function as well as general health. Alcohol consumption is often considered socially acceptable, but its negative effects on gonadal function have been consistently reported in the last 30 years. Several studies have reported a variety of negative effects on male fertility following drug abusea worrying phenomenon, as illicit drug consumption is on the rise, most notably in younger subjects. While evidence in these regards is still far from solid, mostly as a result of several confounding factors, it is safe to assume that cessation of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and recreational drug addiction might represent the best course of action for any couple trying to achieve pregnancy.
Psychoactive drugs and male fertility: impacts and mechanisms
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
Although psychoactive drugs have their therapeutic values, they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of male infertility. This study highlights psychoactive drugs reported to impair male fertility, their impacts, and associated mechanisms. Published data from scholarly peer-reviewed journals were used for the present study. Papers were assessed through AJOL, DOAJ, Google Scholar, PubMed/PubMed Central, and Scopus using Medical Subjects Heading (MeSH) indexes and relevant keywords. Psychoactive drugs negatively affect male reproductive functions, including sexual urge, androgen synthesis, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality. These drugs directly induce testicular toxicity by promoting ROS-dependent testicular and sperm oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis, and they also suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary–testicular axis. This results in the suppression of circulating androgen, impaired spermatogenesis, and reduced sperm quality. In conclusion, psychoactive drug abuse not...
MALE INFERTILITY ETHNOL “APRIME CULPRIT –A REVIEW
Int J Biol Med Res. 2024; 15(3): 7854-7861
Infertility is a major health issue in up to 15% of the sexually active population and male factor is responsible in 50% of these cases. It had been estimated that more than 152 million men around the world subjected to sexual dysfunction, and this number might increase to approximately 322 million by the year 2025. Sexual stimulation of the human male results in a series of psychological, neuronal, vascular, and local genital changes. Sexual dysfunction in men refers to repeated inability to achieve normal sexual intercourse. It can also be viewed as disorders that interfere with a full sexual response cycle. These disorders make it difficult for a person to enjoy or to have sexual intercourse. Alcohol abuse is considered as one of the problems associated with poor semen production and sperm quality. Alcohol can interfere with the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal [HPG] axis, thereby causing impotence, infertility, and reduced male secondary sexual characteristics. Alcohol abuse was considered as one of the problems associated with poor semen production and sperm quality. Ethanol was generally regarded as a reproductive to xin. Humans have consumed alcoholic beverage since prehistoric times for a variety of reasons. Alcoholic beverages were found to affect different system of the human body including reproductive system. Ithad been observed that chronic alcohol was common among infertile men. Besides being an important public and social issue, alcohol consumption in a one of the major cause of male reproduction. This review elaborates the impact of alcohol in male infertility.
Male alcohol consumption and fecundity in couples attending an infertility clinic
Andrologia, 2009
Semen paramctcr ~ fertility outcomc ~ alcohol consumptionhuman. Summary. The relationship between male alcohol intake and fertility was studied for 258 couples attending an infertility clinic. 2 1 "/, consumed less than 1 unit per week on average, 10% consumed between 1 and 5 units per week, 23% consumed between 6 and 10 units per week, 27% consumed 11 to 20 units per week and 19% consumed more than 20 units per week. There was no significant association between alcohol consumption and any semen parameter. 110 men had a female partner who was apparently normal. There was no significant difference in the alcohol intake between the 'normal' and 'abnormal' female groups. Couples were followed-up for up to 32 months. Sixteen women had a treatment independent conception within the 'normal' female group. There was no significant association between the amount of alcohol consumed per week and the fertility outcome.
Marijuana is one of the most consumed drugs worldwide. There is increasing evidence of an association between marijuana and male infertility. This study intends to assess the repercussion of marijuana smoking and other habits (sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, and tobacco use) in the testicular function of infertile men seeking andrological evaluation. A retrospective study was performed using medical records data of men aged 18-59 years from 2009 to 2017. Complete semen analyses, sperm functional tests, SHBG, and hormonal levels, testosterone-to-estradiol ratio (T/E 2), and testis volume were evaluated. Exclusion criteria included cryptorchidism, infertility caused by genetic or infectious diseases, and cancer. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate which habit could predict certain parameters using the software SPSS 23.0 (P < 0.05). In a sample of 153 men, semen parameters, testosterone levels, and testis volume were not significantly influenced. Marijuana use had the broader hormonal changes since it influences estradiol (P = 0.000; B = −11.616), prolactin (P = 0.000; B = 3.211), SHBG levels (P = 0.017; B = 7.489), and T/E 2 (P = 0.004; B = 14.030). Sedentary lifestyle (P = 0.028; B = 1.279) and tobacco smoking (P = 0.031; B = −2.401) influenced the prolactin levels. Marijuana is associated with hormonal imbalance in this infertile cohort by lowering estradiol levels and inhibiting aromatase function.
A case--ontrol study of the factors affecting male infertility
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014
Background/aim: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse. In about one third of infertile couples, a male factor is the primary problem. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the most common risk factors for male infertility in Iranian men. Materials and methods: This case-control study included 268 men attending an infertility clinic in Shiraz, Iran. In this study, 161 fertile men were compared with 108 infertile ones regarding risk factors such as smoking habits, drug consumption, hernia, varicocele, job, and BMI. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and t-test. Results: The mean age of the fertile and infertile participants was 37.5 ± 7 and 36.3 ± 10, respectively. Our findings demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between male infertility and hernia, varicocele, taking ranitidine, job, and BMI. With an increase of 1 cigarette per day, there was a 1% decrease in the motility of the sperm. Moreover, with an increase of 1 year of cigarette smoking, 800,000 sperm are lost. Conclusion: The results revealed varicocele and hernia as the most common risk factors in men attending the infertility clinics in Shiraz. In addition, strenuous work could cause testicular injury.
A case-control study of the factors affecting male infertility
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2014
Background/aim: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse. In about one third of infertile couples, a male factor is the primary problem. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the most common risk factors for male infertility in Iranian men. Materials and methods: This case-control study included 268 men attending an infertility clinic in Shiraz, Iran. In this study, 161 fertile men were compared with 108 infertile ones regarding risk factors such as smoking habits, drug consumption, hernia, varicocele, job, and BMI. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and t-test. Results: The mean age of the fertile and infertile participants was 37.5 ± 7 and 36.3 ± 10, respectively. Our findings demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between male infertility and hernia, varicocele, taking ranitidine, job, and BMI. With an increase of 1 cigarette per day, there was a 1% decrease in the motility of the sperm. Moreover, with an increase of 1 year of cigarette smoking, 800,000 sperm are lost. Conclusion: The results revealed varicocele and hernia as the most common risk factors in men attending the infertility clinics in Shiraz. In addition, strenuous work could cause testicular injury.