Enhancement of Magneto-Induced Modulus by the Combination of Filler and Plasticizer Additives-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer (original) (raw)
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2016
This paper presents an investigation on the use of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) as a matrix of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). Isotropic ENR-based MRE samples were synthesized by homogeneously mixed the ENR compound with carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). The microstructure of the sample was observed, and the magnetic field-dependent moduli were analyzed using rheometer. The influences of excitation frequency, CIPs content and magnetic field on the field-dependent moduli of ENR-based MREs were evaluated through dynamic shear test. The microstructure of MRE samples demonstrated the dispersed CIPs in the ENR matrix. The remarkable increment of storage and loss moduli of the ENR-based MREs has exhibited the magnetically controllable storage and loss moduli of the samples when exposed to the magnetic field. Consequently, the CIPs content, frequency and magnetic field were significantly influenced the dynamic moduli of the ENR-based MREs.
Storage and loss modulus investigations of magnetorheological elastomers
In this paper, the magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) based on natural rubber were studied. Several MRE samples, with different weight percentages of carbon iron particles, were fabricated without applying a magnetic field. Their microstructures were observed by using an environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their rheological measurements were carried out using ARES rheometer. The MR effect was investigated by changing the volume of carbon iron particles.
Magnetorheological Elastomers: A Review
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
This present paper reviews on the material compositions of Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) as presented by researchers. As the article review, this paper much focuses on the selection of the material in the MRE ingredients. MRE has been known as a new kind of smart material over past decades. MREs offer innovative solutions for various applications in the engineering field since the rheological properties of MREs can be controlled by an external magnetic field. The characteristic responses of MRE are influenced by many factors such its elastomer matrix, the size, distribution, composition, percentage volume of filler particles and so on.
Dynamic properties of magnetorheological elastomers based on iron sand and natural rubber
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2014
In this study, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) based on iron sand and natural rubber were prepared. The Taguchi method was employed to investigate the effect of a number of factors, namely, iron sand content, iron sand particle size and applied magnetic field during curing on tan δ and energy dissipated during cyclic loading. Tan δ was measured through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) over a range of frequency (0.01-130Hz), strain amplitude (0.1-4.5%), and temperature (-100-50 °C). Energy dissipated was measured using a universal tester under cyclic tensile loading. The data were then statistically analysed to predict the optimal combination of factors and finally experiments were conducted for verification. It was found that the iron sand content had the greatest influence on tan δ when measured over a range of frequency as well as energy dissipated during hysteresis tests. However, none of the factors showed significant influence on tan δ when measured over a range of strain amplitude. Furthermore, the iron sand content and magnetic field were also found to influence the width of the peak in tan δ as a function of temperature. The morphological characteristics of the MREs were also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2017
In this work, epoxidized natural rubber-50 magnetorheological elastomer was synthesized using conventional rubber processing. The ester plasticizer sucrose acetate isobutyrate was then incorporated into epoxidized natural rubber-50 to soften the matrix and to improve the relative magnetorheological effect. The influence of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester on the microstructures and properties of epoxidized natural rubber-50 magnetorheological elastomers were experimentally investigated. It has been identified that the addition of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester can reduce the viscosity of the matrix and increase the mobility of magnetic particles in a matrix. The elongation of magnetorheological elastomer was increased by 19%, and the tensile strength was reduced by 17% at 10 wt% content of the sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester. It is observed that the employment of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester enhanced the thermal stability leading to low degradation of the properties of ma...
Magneto-Rheological Elastomer Composites. A Review
Applied Sciences
Magneto-rheological elastomer (MRE) composites belong to the category of smart materials whose mechanical properties can be governed by an external magnetic field. This behavior makes MRE composites largely used in the areas of vibration dampers and absorbers in mechanical systems. MRE composites are conventionally constituted by an elastomeric matrix with embedded filler particles. The aim of this review is to present the most outstanding advances on the rheological performances of MRE composites. Their distribution, arrangement, wettability within an elastomer matrix, and their contribution towards the performance of mechanical response when subjected to a magnetic field are evaluated. Particular attention is devoted to the understanding of their internal micro-structures, filler–filler adhesion, filler–matrix adhesion, and viscoelastic behavior of the MRE composite under static (valve), compressive (squeeze), and dynamic (shear) mode.
Journal of Central South University, 2015
The preparation of natural rubber based isotropic thick magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) was focused on by varying the percentage volume concentration of carbonyl iron powder and developing a test set up to test the dynamic properties. Effect of magnetic field on the damping ratio was studied on the amplification region of the transmissibility curve. The viscoelastic dynamic damping nature of the elastomer was also studied by analyzing the force-displacement hysteresis graphs. The results show that MR effect increases with the increase in magnetic field as well as carbonyl iron powder particle concentration. It is observed that softer matrix material produces more MR effect. A maximum of 125% improvement in the loss factor is observed for the MRE with 25% carbonyl iron volume concentration. FEMM simulation shows that as carbonyl iron particle distribution becomes denser, MR effect is improved. FEMM analysis also reveals that if the distance between the adjacent iron particles are reduced from 20 μm to 10 μm, a 40% increase in stored energy is observed.
Defence Science Journal
Magnetorheological Elastomers (MRE) endure a change in mechanical properties with the application of an externally applied magnetic field. It consists of an elastomeric matrix reinforced with ferromagnetic powdered particles. This paper focuses on the investigation of viscoelastic properties of Room Temperature Vulcanized (RTV) silicone based isotropic MRE in sandwich beam configuration by varying the volume percentage of Carbonyl Iron Powdered (CIP) reinforcement. Viscoelastic properties of the MRE core material were calculated by following the ASTM E756-05 standard. The magnetic field was applied by employing a Halbach array which was numerically analyzed using Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM). The magnetic field was varied up to 0.15 T. Loss factor and shear modulus were found to be strongly influenced by the percentage content of CIP. The loss factor and shear modulus of 30% MRE at 0.15 T were higher than other tested samples. The variation of natural frequency with respec...
Magnetic Hybrid-Materials, 2021
Hybrid magnetic elastomers (HMEs) belong to a novel type of magnetocontrollable elastic materials capable of demonstrating extensive variations of their parameters under the influence of magnetic fields. Like all cognate materials, HMEs are based on deformable polymer filled with a mixed or modified powder. The complex of properties possessed by the composite is a reflection of interactions occurring between the polymer matrix and the particles also participating in interactions among themselves. For example, introduction of magnetically hard components into the formula results in the origination of a number of significantly different behavioral features entirely unknown to magnetorheological composites of the classic type. Optical observation of samples based on magnetically hard filler gave the opportunity to establish that initial magnetization imparts magnetic moments to initially unmagnetized grains, as a result of which chain-like structures continue to be a feature of the material even after external field removal. In addition, applying a reverse field causes them to turn into the polymer as they rearrange into new ring-like structures. Exploration of the relationship between the rheological properties and magnetic field conducted on a rheometer using vibrational mechanical analysis showed an increase of the relative elastic modulus by more than two orders of magnitude or by 3.8 MPa, whereas the loss factor exhibited steady growth with the field up to a value of 0.7 being significantly higher than that demonstrated by elastomers with no magnetically hard particles. At the same time, measuring the electroconductivity of elastomers filled with a nickel-electroplated carbonyl iron powder made it possible to observe that such composites demonstrated an increase of variation of the resistivity of the composite influenced by magnetic field in comparison to elastomers containing untreated iron particles. The studies conducted indicate that this material exhibits both magnetorheological and