Article Histopathologic studies on bite of a female American dog tick, Derma-centor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae), in a man: Changes in skin (original) (raw)
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The American Journal of Dermatopathology, 2008
A retrospective histological and immunohistochemical study has been carried out in 25 cases of tick bites recorded in our Departments. The samples that included an attached tick showed a cement cone anchoring the mouthparts to the skin and a bloodsoaked, spongiform appearance of the superficial dermis, with a mild neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltration. The vessels displayed a loose multilayered endothelial proliferation, with plump endothelia, permeated with erythrocytes. A few of them were severed, allowing copious blood extravasation. The established lesions included the following: erythema chronicum migrans-like cases, foreign body granulomas-sometimes containing remnants of the mouthpartscutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, either of the T-cell or the B-cell type, and tick-bite alopecia. In both the T-cell and B-cell pseudolymphomas, several vessels showed concentric endothelial and perithelial proliferation similar to that seen in the acute lesions. In the tick-bite alopecia, a lymphocytic infiltrate attacked the permanent portion of the hair follicles, whose reaction was a noticeable hyperplasia of the fibrous sheaths, although only a minority of the hairs was destroyed. The observed alterations are specific in the acute lesions and in the alopecia, where they directly arise as a result of the interactions between the host's tissues and the antihemostatic, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory chemicals contained in the tick saliva. In the other lesions, the changes seem less characteristic, although the fragments of mouthparts and the special vascular changes provide a clue to their etiology.
Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci, 1995
D ogs', guinea pigs' and ham sters' local skin reaction to the attachment and feeding o f the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus were analysed under light m icroscopy. The hosts were either tick-bitc naive, previously infested or vaccinated with crude unfed adult tick extract. Biopsies were taken at the end o f each infestation. Changes comm on to every host, regardless o f experimental group, included presence o f tick or its mouthparts embedded in a cone o f eementum at the surface o f the skin, epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, edema and copious inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis, underneath the tick attachment site. Dogs in all experimental groups reacted with an almost exclusive PMN neutrophil accum ulation, while guinea pigs showed a predom inantly mononuclear cell infiltration in every experimental group. Hamsters suffering first infestations had a mainly neutrophilic infiltration, showed a predominantly mononuclear cell infiltration in response to multiple infestations, and w'hen previously vaccinated this host had a predom inantly eosinophilic infiltration. The persistence o f PMN neutrophils in dogs suggest a control o f the local immune inflam matory response by the tick. The predominantly eosinophilic infiltration in previously vaccinated hamsters might indicate that different immune mechanisms were triggered by infestation and vaccination. U N ITIiR M S: Histopathology; Rhipicephalus sanguineus: Dogs; Hamsters; Guinea pigs 1-DVM MS-Faculdade dc M edicina V eterinária e Z ootecnia da USP, S ão Paulo. Brasil 2-Professor-Faculdade de C iências A grárias e V eterinárias da UNF.SP. Jaboticabal. S ão Paulo. Brasil * This work belongs to a part o f w ork been conducted in partial fulfillm ent o f the requirem ents for the degree o f M aster in Pathology, at the D epartm ent o f Pathology in the area o f Experim ental and C om parative Pathology. F aculdade de M edicina V eterinária e Z ootecnia d a USP, S ão Paulo, Brasil ** SZA BÓ , M .
pathology of tick bite lesions in naturally infested skin and hides of ruminants
Ticks are relatively large acarines, which are blood sucking ectoparasites of vertebrates. There are two families that are Argasidae and Ixodidae, but the veterinary importance is Ixodidae (Hard tick) that cause damage to the skin and hides of ruminants. Generally, the predominant gross pathologic lesions were crusts and scabs, which mostly occurred because of either degeneration or traumatization as a consequence of earlier primary lesions. Histopathologically various epidermal reactions, ranging from hyperkeratosis, prakeratosis, lichenified stratum corneum and acanthosis, characterized many of skin and hide damage. The dermal condition was mostly inflammatory resulting in dermal fibers sometimes becoming disoriented. The leathers were generally hard, unsightly and fibrosed with many tunnellings. The grain surface was coarse, rough and holes pierced through several affected areas. The different disease downgraded leather quality in various manners and marred their aesthetic appearance.
Pathology of Tick Bite Lesions in Naturally Infested Skin and Hides of Ruminants: A Review
Ticks are relatively large acarines, which are blood sucking ectoparasites of vertebrates. There are two families that are Argasidae and Ixodidae, but the veterinary importance is Ixodidae (Hard tick) that cause damage to the skin and hides of ruminants. Generally, the predominant gross pathologic lesions were crusts and scabs, which mostly occurred because of either degeneration or traumatization as a consequence of earlier primary lesions. Histopathologically various epidermal reactions, ranging from hyperkeratosis, prakeratosis, lichenified stratum corneum and acanthosis, characterized many of skin and hide damage. The dermal condition was mostly inflammatory resulting in dermal fibers sometimes becoming disoriented. The leathers were generally hard, unsightly and fibrosed with many tunnellings. The grain surface was coarse, rough and holes pierced through several affected areas. The different disease downgraded leather quality in various manners and marred their aesthetic appearance.
Unusual Manifestations of Hypersensitivity After a Tick Bite: Report of Two Cases
Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 1997
Background: Ticks are able to transmit, through biting, various viral, parasitic, and bacterial diseases, the best known being Lyme disease due to Borrelia burgdorferi. In addition, ticks may also induce allergic reactions. Objective: A study of immediate and delayed skin reactions are undertaken to give evidence of an IgE-dependent mechanism. Methods: Two lumbermen reported having had skin reactions following bites by ticks. Skin prick tests and intradermal tests were performed with what was most probably Ixodes ricinus extract in one case. Specific IgE to whole body extract of wood tick were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Histological and immunohistologic examinations of skin biopsy obtained from a pruriginous skin lesion and from a delayed reaction following the intradermal test, were performed. Results: One of them had positive immediate reactions to a prick test and an intradermal test with the same extract. Both patients had significant levels of wood tick-specific IgE antibody as well as elevated serum total IgE levels. Histologic examinations of a pruriginous lesion revealed lymphocytic dermal and perivascular infiltration, with evidence of CD8ϩ T lymphocytes and Langerhans' cells in the perivascular infiltrates. A biopsy of the place of the delayed reaction following the intradermal skin test also showed the presence of dermal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates. Conclusion: IgE-dependent allergy to Ixodes ricinus can explain allergic reactions. Standardized extracts have to be prepared with sufficient amounts of the relevant tick salivary antigens to permit diagnosis by skin and serologic tests of patients, especially lumbermen who may be allergic to Ixodes ricinus.
Sequential histopathology at the Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick feeding site on dogs and guinea pigs
Experimental & applied acarology, 1999
The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a very common parasite of dogs worldwide. Dogs seem unable to acquire resistance against this tick species, whereas guinea pigs demonstrate a very strong resistance following primary infestation. We studied the inflammatory reaction at the R. sanguineus tick feeding site on dogs and guinea pigs during primary and tertiary infestations at different time intervals after attachment. Biopsies were collected after 4, 24, 48 and 96 hours. Changes that were found in all experimental groups included a cone of cement around the mouthparts of the tick, epidermal hyperplasia, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis directly underneath the tick attachment site. Dogs reacted to ticks mainly with neutrophils, particularly after repeated exposure. Mast cells and mononuclear leukocytes were also present. Guinea pigs reacted to R. sanguineus mainly with mononuclear cells, eosinophils and basophils. These cells were particularly numerous after repea...
Clinical Signs and Haematology Profiles of Beagle Dogs with Tick Infestation
Jurnal Medik Veteriner
Rhipicephalus sanguineus is one of the vectors that could induce diseases in dogs. A physical examination and haematology test could examine the dog's condition with tick infestation. Five dogs, beagle breeds from Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, IPB University, have been examined for physical examination and CBC test. A haematology test was performed using a haematology analyzer and made the blood smear. Physical examination showed that 60% of dogs have a tick infestation, 80% have pallor, 60% have pruritus, 40% have crusted skin, and 100% have wounds in extremities. However, the body temperature and heart rate were relatively normal. Complete blood count test showed that red blood cells (RBC), peak cells volume, and haemoglobin (Hb) decreased (80%), MCHC increased (40%), thrombocytopenia (100%), leukopenia (40%), lymphocytopenia (60%), neutropenia (10%) and monositopenia (80%). The blood smear result showed all dogs have positive blo...
Experimental And Applied Acarology, 1995
The cutaneous hypersensitivity induced by Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick extract in dogs (natural host) and guinea-pigs (laboratory host) was evaluated. The left ear of infested and control (tick-bite naive) dogs and guinea-pigs was injected intradermally with an extract from unfed adult ticks and the fight ear with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Ear thickness variations were then measured after 10 min and 1, 2, 6, 18, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-injection. Results were expressed as percentual changes in the ear thickness in relation to pre-inoculation values. The final variation in ear thickness induced by the exlract was given by subtracting, in each animal, the fight ear percentual increase from that of the left ear. Guinea-pigs were tested at two different times following infestation and with two different doses of extract. Infested guinea-pigs from the three experiments developed an immediate (within the first 2 h post-inoculation) and a strong delayed reaction (24 h) to the extract. Dogs, unlike guinea-pigs, developed only a strong immediate reaction whereby an 80% increase in ear thickness was observed. Control animals, with the exception of one dog, did not develop any significant reaction to the extract. Only mild reactions were induced by PBS in the fight ear of all animals. The correlation between the absence of a strong delayed type reaction to tick extract and the lack of resistance of the natural host to R. sanguineus tick is discussed.