Nanostructured anode materials for high-energy Li-/Na-ion large-scale energy storage (original) (raw)

2015

Abstract

Due to their high volumetric and gravimetric capacities, Li-ion batteries (LiBs) are currently considered as the only viable energy storage solution for portable electronics and hybrid vehicles. Nevertheless, concerns on the availability of Li resources and their uneven distribution across the world are growing. As an alternative, Na-ion batteries (NiBs) are highly attractive due to the abundance of Na as well as its electrochemical similarity with Li. Na is also environmentally benign, thus promising a more sustainable energy storage. Although NiBs are unlikely to outperform LiBs in energy density, they are being actively pursued for low-cost grid storage where size or weight is not the most critical factor. The identification of a high-performance anode is a key challenge, particularly for NiBs. Anode materials investigated so far for NiBs can be classified into three categories: (i) layered materials, such as titania or titanates and transition metal dichalcogenides with a specif...

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