Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in Betula and Pinus Pollen (original) (raw)
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Journal of Apicultural Research, 2019
This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro potential antioxidant activity, total phenolics, flavones, and flavonol content of hydro-ethanolic extracts of pollen from fourteen plants belonging to ten families. The identification of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was accomplished using HPLC-DAD analysis. The results of the total phenolic contents varied from 9.20 ± 0.12 mg GAE (Gallic acid equivalent)/g in the pollen sample of Malva sylvestris, to 71.20 ± 0.72 mg GAE (Gallic acid equivalent)/g in the pollen of Mentha spicata, while flavones and flavonols content ranged from 1.27 ± 0.07 mg QE (Quercetin equivalent)/g in the pollen of Scolymus hispanicus to 15.44 ± 1.14 mg QE (Quercetin equivalent)/g in the pollen samples collected from Anacyclus radiatus. The total antioxidant capacity assessed using the molybdate assay ranged between 17.84 ± 1.03 mg AAE (ascorbic acid equivalent)/g in Malva sylvestris to 99.54 ± 0.90 mg AAE (ascorbic acid equivalent)/g in Capparis spinosa pollen. Concerning antioxidant ability, Mentha spicata and Mentha pulegium had the best antioxidant ability. The HPLC-DAD analysis showed a wide variety of flavonols and flavones, mainly glycosides of apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. The phenolic acids are represented by derivatives of caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillic acid. In Malva sylvestris and Scolymus hispanicus some compounds found could be alkaloids, however, in this work the confirmation of such chemical group was not carried out but it will be included in further studies.
In-vitro antioxidant and anti-microbial potential of the pollen extracts of Pinus roxburghii Sarg
Pollen grains of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Possess antioxidant and antibacterial potential. To test this hypothesis, pollen dust was collected from the P. roxburghii trees of the University of Malakand, Dir Lower Campus and its methanolic crude extracts at various concentrations (i.e. 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.50 μg/mL) were prepared and tested for antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS methods. The possible antimicrobial potential of the pollens was also tested using Ager Disc Diffusion method against seven different pathogenic bacterial strains i.e. pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results obtained for antioxidant activity show that in the free radical scavenging activity the DPPH value for 1000μg/mL was the highest with the value of 81.70±0.74, While the ABTS value was 78.30±0.15 for the same concentration. The IC50 values of the pollen extract of the ABTS was 23.46 µg/mL while the DPPH was 15.98µg/mL. The most sensitive bacteria recorded in the antimicrobial activity for the concentration of 100µg/mL of the pollen extract was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.666± 0.71) using the mean± standard deviation value as a measure followed by Bacillus cereus(5.666± 4.24), Escherichia coli (5.333± 0.71) and Staphylococcus aurous (4.333± 0.71). The ANOVA results obtained for the 50µg/mL of methanolic pollen extract in comparison with the controlled 50mg/mL of antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin),show a significant difference between their action of inhibition with the calculated P value being much smaller (i.e. 0.00) than the alpha level of 0.5. We conclude by reporting it for the first time that P. roxburghii pollens have antioxidant and antibacterial potential and can possibly be exploited as a food and medicine source.
Journal of Applied and Natural Science
Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites distributed in different parts of a plant, have major role in protecting the plants from deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiations and various diseases caused by pathogens. Considering the fact that these metabolites possess tremendous medicinal properties, extensive research has been carried out during the past few decades to explore their potential health benefits. Further, polyphenols are documented to possess different activities such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiulcer. The present study pertained to analyze different polyphenolic compounds in pollen grains of 9 medicinally important plant species viz., Bauhinia variegata, B.purpurea, Cassia biflora, C. fistula, C. glauca, C. saimea and Delonix regia belonging to Fabaceae family, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis belonging to Malvaceae family and Melia azadirach belonging toMeliaceaefamily using Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Var...
Acta Horticulturae, 2019
The presence of pollinators in orchards is crucial to obtain high fruit set and yields of fruits. Despite the fact that sour cherry cultivars are mainly autogamous, insect visits are still of great importance for their propagation. In order to attract and reward pollinators, flowers have to provide adequate nourishment to them. Besides nectar, bees gather pollen, which are a prerequisite for normal colony growth and development of their broods. 'Oblačinska' sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), an autochthonous cultivar, is the most highly planted cultivar in Serbian commercial orchards. Since the cultivar is actually a mixture of different clones, variability in numerous traits and, particularly, its yields has been reported. Since phenolic compounds are considered to be fundamental pollen chemicals, the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic compounds profile in pollen collected from 15 'Oblačinska' sour cherry clones with varying productivity levels. Solid phase extraction (SPE), combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and a triple quadruple mass spectrometer (UHPLC DAD-MS/MS), was used to analyse the polyphenolic profile of pollen. Among 23 components quantified, rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound. It ranged from 98.49 (clone V/P) to 358.83 mg kg-1 (clone III/9) and was observed to contribute, on average, 56% of the total phenolic compounds in pollen as quantified in different 'Oblačinska' sour cherry clones. In addition to this compound, clones contained significant amounts of chlorogenic acid (12.92%), astragalin (8.19%), and hyperoside (5.59%) as well. Cluster analysis grouped pollen clones in four different clusters, which showed that clones III/9, IV/8, and V/P had unique phenolic profiles. Despite the significant differences among the studied clones, the contents of chlorogenic acid, rutin, naringin, hyperoside, astralgin, and phlorizin were distinguishable between the clusters.
Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 2019
The pollen collected by eusocial bees is often reported as being healthy food due to its important nutritional and therapeutic properties. However, studies reporting such properties are rare, especially for pollen collected by the genus Melipona in northeastern Brazil, which is the focus of this research. Pollen from seven species of stingless bees was analysed for its nutritional composition (sugar, lipid, protein and amino acids). The phenolic compound profile was described based on fourteen phenolic compounds (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringin, rutin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, abscisic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and trans-cinnamic acid). The antioxidant property was analysed by quantifying of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and DPPH. Chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and amino acids. The pollen samples from the bees under study showed good concentratio...
The nutritional composition, the phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity of the floral pollen from maize genotypes were evaluated. In addition, the antioxidant capacity, browning and wavelength spectra of melanoidins were investigated in the pollen samples stored at 4°C for 7 days, dried at 40°C for 6 h and exposed to a temperature of 100°C during 12 h. The results showed that different maize pollen samples had diverse nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds were a major contributor to their antioxidant activities. Sweet maize pollen with the highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids had the highest antioxidant capacity (104.38 mmol trolox eq/kg). Quercetin diglycoside was the most abundant flavonoid in all pollen samples. Floral maize pollen could be used as a functional food ingredients, and dietary supplement with therapeutic effects. However, pollen is very susceptible to processes of Maillard reaction and phenolics oxidation and these factors must be considered when considering its use.
Total phenolic phytochemical concentration was measured in 12 honeybee-collected pollens of selected floral species as well as their antioxidant capacity. The content of total polyphenols was measured spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid as standard. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant Capacity procedure and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay. A great variability regarding the correspondence between the antioxidant activity and the content of total polyphenols of honeybee-collected pollens with different botanical origin was found. Antioxidant activities were different for each floral species and were not clearly associated to their total phenolic content.
The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition, botanical origin and the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of bee pollen. The antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH.) scavenging method and b-carotenelinoleic assay. The pollen extracts were purified using a XAD2 resin and the amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were identified by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC– MS) analyses. The phenolic content of bee pollen extracts before and after the resin were 38.6 and 17.8 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent in bee pollen, respectively. Two different flavonoids (rutin and myricetin) which can be accounted by the high antioxidant activity of bee pollen extracts were identified and quantified. The total antioxidant capacity measured by the DPPH. radical method increased significantly in bee pollen extracts purified with hydrophobic resin: 24.84–94.75% (Palmeira). All samples were considered heterofloral, which were composed by pollen from Myrtaceae eucalyptus, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae families, and among others.
Journal of Apicultural Science, 2019
The objective of the present work was to investigate the influence of locations on bioactive propertiest, phenolic compounds and mineral contents of bee pollens. The oil content of pollen grains changed between 3.50% (Alanya) and 6.85% (Russia-Perm Region). The highest total phenolic content (720 mg/100g) and antioxidant activity values (81.4%) were observed in pollens obtained from the Russia-Perm Region and Alanya districts, respectively. Additionally, the highest carotenoid was found in a pollen sample collected from Karaman (Sarıveliler) (98.6 mg/g). The major phenolic compounds were (+)-catechin (66.75-337.39 mg/100g) and quercetin (61.2-1221.7 mg/100g) in all pollen samples. The pollen samples were observed to be a significant source of potassium (3846-6287 mg/ kg), phosphorus (2947-5010 mg/kg), calcium (1022-2424 mg/kg) and sulfur (1744-2397 mg/kg). All of the analysis results were significantly affected by supplying locations. The antioxidant activity values of pollens were found partly similar and varied depending on locations. The content of saturated fatty acid (palmitic) was high (20-30%) in the tested pollen samples but did not exceed the content of linoleic acid.