Prevalence and Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pathogenic Bacteria in Tilapia zilli and Mugil capito (original) (raw)
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Bacteriological studies on Aeromonas and pseudomonas species in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Benha Veterinary Medical Journal
The present study was conducted on 250 diseased Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of various sizes collected from different fish markets at Kaliobia Governorate, Egypt, during the period from May 2017 to January 2019 for inspection of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas strains. Samples were collected from apparently pathognomonic lesions in muscle, liver, kidney, intestine and spleen for bacteriological examination. The results revealed that, 161 Aeromonas and Pseudomonas species; 118 Aeromonas (73.3%) and 43 Pseudomonas species (26.7%) were isolated mostly from 50 muscle lesion samples followed by 41 liver, 35 kidney, 32 intestine and 3 spleen lesion samples. Aeromonas strains were highly sensitive to meropenem followed by ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamycin and florphenicol. Meanwhile, they were highly resistant for ampicillin and methicillin followed by oxacillin, penicillin-G, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, oxytetracycline and streptomycin. In addition, Pseudomonas strains were highly sensitive to meropenem followed by gentamycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and florphenicol. In contrast, they were highly resistant for ampicillin, methicillin and penicillin-G followed by amoxicillin, oxacillin and cefotaxime.
Aeromonas Spp. Infection in Farmed Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2021
Nile tilapia is one of the major formed fish species worldwide. However, pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas spp. cause a high economic losses. Therefore, the present study was aimed at isolating and investigating the effects of Aeromonas spp on Nile tilapia and evaluating its pathogenicity change after experimental infection. For this purpose, naturally infected Nile tilapia collected form the Ambo University experimental fishpond were transported to the biology laboratory using aseptic plastic bags. Aeromonas spp. isolation and identification were made using morphological and biochemical characterizations. The pathogenicity test was carried out for Aeromonas spp using an intra-peritoneum injection along the caudal peduncle of the fish. Finally, sensitivity test of the isolate was performed using different antibiotics. The results showed that after 24 hours of artificial injections, all the fish decreased their feeding rate and exhibited erratic swimming behaviour. The fish also remained at the bottom and became darkened on their dorsal body part. The fish also showed high hyperaemia on the base of the fins, fin rot and erosion, Internally, they showed pale gills, high intestinal fluid accumulation, pale gonads, pale liver and enlarged gall bladder. The fish also showed an increased of white blood cells as they may migration from the spleen to the blood circulation system. The results also showed that the Aeromonas isolate was highly sensitive to erythromycin and tetracycline. In conclusion, the Aeromonas isolate exhibited a serious effects on external and internal organs of Nile tilapia reared under pond culture system. Additionally, the isolate might affect the immune system of the fish by influencing the nature of blood cells. As control mechanism of the isolate, erythromycin, and tetracycline were more effective and thus these antibiotics can be used for treating the isolate by mixing with fish feed. However, as antibiotics have cumulative effect, it is important to find an alternative controlling methods such as plant based antibiotics and improve production management of the aquaculture systems.
Histopathology, Coprology and Bacteriological Survey of Tilapia Fish in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria
Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences
Background: Tilapia fish is commonly consumed in Jos metropolis of Plateau State Nigeria. Consequently, consumers are potentially exposed to harmful chemicals or they can be infected by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria or parasites of zoonotic importance, if such fish are farmed in a contaminated environments. Aim: The study was carried out to assess the histopathology, coprology and bacteriology of apparently healthy tilapia. Results: Our parasitological findings revealed 29 (58%) of the 50 intestinal samples examined had at least one intestinal parasite, two parasites were seen in 4 (8%) and no parasites were observed in 17 (34%) of the samples. Some of the parasites found include Eimeria vanasi, eggs of Dipylidium caninum, eggs of Taenia spp, Ascaris lumbricoides, eggs of Schistosoma spp and so on. Microbiological analyses of the 50 gill samples indicated the presence of Aeromonas spp in 35 (75%) of the examined samples, followed by Bacillus spp 13 (26%) and Proteus 2 (4%). The following bacterial pathogens were found in the intestinal samples: Aeromonas spp 15 (30%), Escherichia coli 33 (66%) and 2 (4%) were Proteus spp. Conclusion: The heavy load of parasites (Taenia and Ascaris spp) and bacteria (Escherichia coli) found in this study established the presence of pathogens of zoonotic relevance and serious veterinary and public health concerns in tilapia fish without gross and histopathological lesions. It is imperative that fish farmers adhere to biosecurity/biosafety measures by improving management and sanitary conditions in fish farms. Additionally, fish consumers should roast or properly cook the fish in order to inactivate or eliminate harmful pathogens before consumption. Public awareness should be supported so as to emphasize the importance of these microorganisms to the health of the fish, man and his environment.
Microbial Causes of Summer Mortality in Farmed Fish in Egypt
Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ
Bacterial diseases are responsible for sever mortalities and morbidities in cultured Nile tilapia in Egypt in various fresh water fish farms and the increase of water temperature in summer has a significant effect on mortalities. A total number of 100 clinically diseased Nile Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) were collected alive randomly from Abbassa, Elsharkia (Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research) Egypt, to identify the bacterial pathogens affect that fish. Samples were isolated from liver, kidney, spleen, eye, ulcer and brain. The isolated fish pathogens were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Ps.fluorescense, Ps.putida and V.cholera by their morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, Antibiotic sensitivity test and polymerase chain reaction test as a confirmatory results. The results of Anmicrobial sensitivity of the isolated strains revealed that tetracycline (TE30), oxytetracycline (T30), nalidixic acid (NA30), norfloxacin (NOR10) and sulpha-Trimethoprim (SXT25) were the drugs of choice against Aeromonas hydrophila, tetracycline (TE30),oxytetracycline (T30), tobramicin (TOB10) and kanamycin (K30) were the drugs of choice against Pseudomonas flurocence, streptomycin (S10), tobramicin (TOB10), and kanamycin (K30) were the drugs of choice against Pseudomonas putida While oxytetracycline (T30) and nalidixic acid (NA30) were the drugs of choice against Vibrio cholera. The results of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed the antibiotic sensitivity test results and also confirmed the incidence of Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas flurocence and Vibrio cholera in the infected fish.
Emergent Life Sciences Research
Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterium present in the water, which can cause disease in animals, such as fish, frog, and mammals, including humans. In fish, Aeromonosis occurs when it is immunosuppressed due to the stress of handling, water quality, parasitism or population density. Due the importance of this disease in fish and humans, this study aimed to detect this bacterium by PCR in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of cage fish farms localized in hydro-electrical reservoirs of São Paulo state, Brazil and describe the lesions found in positive fish by necropsy and histopathology. Around 360 samples of Oreochromis niloticus specimens were randomly sampled at six Brazilian fish farms in November 2014 (n = 180) and in March 2015 (n = 180). The identification of A. hydrophila by PCR showed the prevalence since 3.33% to 46.66%. The most common macroscopic lesions were hemorrhage and splenomegaly, and bacteria colonies, coagulative necrosis, hemorrhage, inflammatory process, melano-macrophages, and vacuolar degeneration were microscopic. The pathological and histopathological findings showed the presence of an infectious disease, and employing the molecular technique, it was possible to identify that the analyzed fishes had A. hydrophila. Thus, producers should utilize this information using histopathology and molecular techniques in tilapia to reduce economic losses and avoid disease in consumers.
Veterinary World, 2020
Background and Aim: Aeromonas hydrophila is a major cause of bacterial infections affecting a wide range of warm water fishes worldwide. In Malaysia, A. hydrophila isolations from diseased fishes were previously reported; however, with limited information. The present study investigates the antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. hydrophila isolated from farmed red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A. hydrophila was biochemically identified and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests. The isolate was then intraperitoneally injected into red hybrid tilapia, and the mortality, clinicopathological changes, and LD50 were determined up to 240 h post-infection (hpi). Results: The isolate demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) toward amikacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and streptomycin, with a MAR index of 0.5. The experimental infection of A. hydrophila at 105 CFU/mL in the red hybrid tilapia resulted in 100% mortality at 240 hpi. The LD50 was determined at 1.1×104 CFU/mL. Infected fish demonstrated occasional erratic swimming patterns, localized hemorrhages and depigmentation on the body and operculum areas, fin erosion, enlargement of the gall bladder, and hemorrhage in internal organs. Microscopic observation of infected fish revealed brain congestion, tubular necrosis, and glomerular shrinkage in the kidneys, necrosis of hepatocytes, and congestion of blood vessels in the liver. Conclusion: The high virulence of A. hydrophila to the red hybrid tilapia emphasizes the importance of active, on-going monitoring of its prevalence in Malaysian tilapia farming.
Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology
This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of motile Aeromonas species (MAS) to induce clinical symptoms and some pathological changes in juvenile red hybrid tilapia. A standard dose of infection was selected based on predetermined LD 50. Infected fish were observed for any clinical sign and symptom for 96 hours. Samples of liver, spleen and kidney were collected for histopatological changes due to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Clinical signs of fish included abnormal swimming behaviour and loss of balance. Most of infected fish suffered from haemorrhagic eyes and lesions on the body surface. Some of the them also developed bilateral exophthalmia. Histopathological changes were observed in kidney, liver and spleen. The infected liver showed severe congestion of hepatic veins and vacuoles formation while anterior kidney manifested degeneration of excretory tubules and glomeruli followed by severe haemorrhages and hyaline droplets degeneration. Spleen on the other hand showed tissues degeneration and vacuoles formation. All targated tissues also showed deposition of haemosiderin pigments followed by proliferation of melanomacrphage centres. Development of such symptoms was associated with the infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. The current study has shown that MAS could serve as the primary cause of severe infection not only in red hybrid tilapia but may also infected other freshwater fish species.The results of histological analysis of various tissues indicates a direct correlation between disease infection and histopathological disorders observed in the tissues.
2010
Bacteria were isolated from the brain, eye and kidney of red tilapia, as well as water and debris samples. The weight and length of red tilapia were measured and the water quality as well. API test were done to identify the type of bacteria from the isolates. In Kenyir Lake, bacterial isolates that predominated in the fish were Micrococcus spp. and Aeromonas hydrophila at 13.64 %, in water samples it was Staphylococcus xylosus at 40% and in the debris samples, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae at 50%. In the Semantan River, the predominant bacteria in fish and debris samples were Aeromonas hydrophila at 23.53 % and 90 % respectively. In the water samples, Staphylococcus lentus and Staphylococcus xylosus were the predominant bacteria with 30 and 20%, respectively. The ammonia, sulphide, iron and nitrite-nitrogen levels in the Semantan River were over the acceptable limits and this may lead to high fish mortality. This study concluded that Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphy...
Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 2023
Fish is one of the most important foods because of its high nutritional value, high palatability, and easy digestion. At the same time, it acts as a vehicle for many types of pathogenic microorganisms especially Aeromonas species, which results in public health hazards. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Aeromonas species in fresh fish (catfish, mullet, lizardfish, and coralfish) marketed in Zagazig city, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. In addition, multiplex PCR was performed to detect some virulence-associated genes in A. hydrophila isolates. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on A. hydrophila isolates using commonly used antimicrobials in Egypt through the disc diffusion method. The achieved results indicated contamination of fish with different species of Aeromonas such as A. veronii, A. sobria, A. caviae and A. hydrophila. The results revealed that Aeromonas species isolated with an overall percentage of 55% of all examined fish. Bacteriological examinations revealed 20% A. hydrophila, 20% A. sobria, 10% A. caviae and 5% A. veronii. Antibiotic sensitivity declared high resistance of the isolates to different antimicrobial agents used in Egypt, including penicillin (100%), Ampicillin (90.0%), Streptomycin (90.9%), Cephalothin (72.7%), Tetracycline (72.7%), Cefotaxime (63.6%), and Sulfamethoxazole (54.5%). Therefore, hygienic measures should be adopted to control microbial contamination either in the aquatic environment or in fish markets.
Histopathological Lesions of Some Microbial Infections in Tilapia Fish at El Salam Canal, Egypt
Damanhour Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Microbial infections in tilapia aquacultures cause severe economic losses in Egypt. They appear in summer with other stress factors such as low oxygen and high ammonia levels in aquaculture. Streptococcosis lead to severe losses in tilapia farming, especially in third countries. Microbiological and histopathological examinations are very important diagnostic tools in distinguishing fish microbial infections. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize the most common bacterial fish pathogen recovered from Nile tilapia private farm around El Salam Canal, at Ismailia governorate. In addition to detection the main histopathological lesions were done. The highest rate of bacterial isolation was Streptococcus agalactiae with 29.16% from all samples. Grossly the infected fish showed hemorrhagic septicemia, and exophthalmia. Histopathological examination revealed severe hyperemia of gill filaments and gill arch, chronic enteritis, hydropic degeneration of the liver, edema and hemosiderosis of the spleen, necrosis of muscle and hemorrhage and myocardiolysis of heart.